Moisture and Heating Rate Effects on Volatile Matter Yields for Coals PDF Download
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Author: Mason Marsh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Volatile organic compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
Currently there are two ASTM standard test methods used around the world for the determination of volatile matter in coal. ASTM D3175, , Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke, was first published as ASTM D22, -16, Laboratory Sampling and Analysis of Coal, in 1916 and uses a minimum volume vertical furnace. ASTM D7582, , Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis, uses a macro thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) system. Macro TGA systems use samples that are one gram or larger, whereas micro TGA systems use only milligram-size samples. In both test methods, the furnaces are heated to a final temperature of 950°C and include a seven-minute hold time before final mass measurements. For nearly four decades, fuel scientists have tried to reconcile the differences between the coal volatile matter yields obtained using either a preheated (950°C) minimum volume vertical furnace (ASTM D3175, ) or a TGA system. This article describes experiments designed to help explain the differences in volatile matter yields from coals with the major focus being the moisture content in the samples analyzed. Parameters studied include predrying coal samples, using different heating rates, and using different intermediate temperatures in two-step procedures for the measurements. Factors including the moisture content and plastic behavior of coals, both of which contribute to the differences between the volatile matter values determined by different methods, will be discussed.
Author: Mason Marsh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Volatile organic compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
Currently there are two ASTM standard test methods used around the world for the determination of volatile matter in coal. ASTM D3175, , Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke, was first published as ASTM D22, -16, Laboratory Sampling and Analysis of Coal, in 1916 and uses a minimum volume vertical furnace. ASTM D7582, , Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis, uses a macro thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) system. Macro TGA systems use samples that are one gram or larger, whereas micro TGA systems use only milligram-size samples. In both test methods, the furnaces are heated to a final temperature of 950°C and include a seven-minute hold time before final mass measurements. For nearly four decades, fuel scientists have tried to reconcile the differences between the coal volatile matter yields obtained using either a preheated (950°C) minimum volume vertical furnace (ASTM D3175, ) or a TGA system. This article describes experiments designed to help explain the differences in volatile matter yields from coals with the major focus being the moisture content in the samples analyzed. Parameters studied include predrying coal samples, using different heating rates, and using different intermediate temperatures in two-step procedures for the measurements. Factors including the moisture content and plastic behavior of coals, both of which contribute to the differences between the volatile matter values determined by different methods, will be discussed.
Author: James Lowry Elder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coal
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: R.A. Durie
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 1483162230
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 767
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Book Description
The Science of Victorian Brown Coal provides extensive information on Victorian brown coal, which is a major fossil fuel resource by any standard and constitutes about 97% of Victoria's recoverable energy reserves. Energy from brown coal has been the mainstay of the Victorian economy, providing low-cost electricity to the state grid, briquettes as a fuel for industry and town gas prior to the discovery of natural gas. Because of the unique properties of the coal, it has been necessary to develop an in-depth scientific knowledge of the coal and its behavior, as well as innovative technologies for its effective utilization. The economic benefit brown coal has provided to Victoria is demonstrated throughout the chapters. This book aims to provide the springboard for further research and lead to a new era in the development of value-added products and the more efficient utilization of this major resource. This text is a useful reference for students or individuals conducting research on fossil fuel energy, specifically on brown coals.
Author: Enrique Geovani Yanes Santos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coal
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
Author: Kirk-Othmer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470047488
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2762
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Book Description
This is an easily-accessible two-volume encyclopedia summarizing all the articles in the main volumes Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fifth Edition organized alphabetically. Written by prominent scholars from industry, academia, and research institutions, the Encyclopedia presents a wide scope of articles on chemical substances, properties, manufacturing, and uses; on industrial processes, unit operations in chemical engineering; and on fundamentals and scientific subjects related to the field.
Author: James G. Speight
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439836469
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 849
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Book Description
The demand for coal use (for electricity generation) and coal products, particularly liquid fuels and chemical feedstocks, is increasing throughout the world. Traditional markets such as North America and Europe are experiencing a steady increase in demand whereas emerging Asian markets, such as India and China, are witnessing a rapid surge in demand for clean liquid fuels. A detailed and comprehensive overview of the chemistry and technology of coal in the twenty-first century, The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, Third Edition also covers the relationship of coal industry processes with environmental regulations as well as the effects of combustion products on the atmosphere. Maintaining and enhancing the clarity of presentation that made the previous editions so popular, this book: Examines the effects of combustion products on the atmosphere Details practical elements of coal evaluation procedures Clarifies misconceptions concerning the organic structure of coal Discusses the physical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of coal Analyzes the development and current status of combustion and gasification techniques In addition to two new chapters, Coal Use and the Environment and Coal and Energy Security, much of the material in this edition been rewritten to incorporate the latest developments in the coal industry. Citations from review articles, patents, other books, and technical articles with substantial introductory material are incorporated into the text for further reference. The Chemistry and Technology of Coal, Third Edition maintains its initial premise: to introduce the science of coal, beginning with its formation in the ground to the production of a wide variety of products and petrochemical intermediates in the twenty-first century. The book will prove useful for scientists and engineers already engaged in the coal and/or catalyst manufacturing industry looking for a general overview or update on the clean coal technology as well as professional researchers and students in chemistry and engineering.
Author: G. B. Taylor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coal
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
Author: Glenn B. Stracher
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813741181
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Naturally burning coal fires and those ignited by human activities receive little attention from the media compared to other environmental hazards, but their study is gaining ground. Here, the world's leading experts present their research findings covering topics such as the gases generated in underground coal fires, the origin of gas-vent minerals and land-cover changes due to coal fires.
Author: F. W. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coal
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Author: James G. Speight
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119510120
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Book Description
Coal accounts for approximately one quarter of world energy consumption and of the coal produced worldwide approximately 65% is shipped to electricity producers and 33% to industrial consumers, with most of the remainder going to consumers in the residential and commercial sectors. The total share of total world energy consumption by coal is expected to increase to almost 30% in 2035. This book describes the challenges and steps by which electricity is produced form coal and deals with the challenges for removing the environmental objections to the use of coal in future power plants. New technologies are described that could virtually eliminate the sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury pollutants that are released when coal is burned for electricity generation. In addition, technologies for the capture greenhouse gases emitted from coal-fired power plants are described and the means of preventing such emissions from contributing to global warming concerns. Written by one of the world’s leading energy experts, this volume is a must-have for any engineer, scientist, or student working in this field, providing a valuable reference and guide in a quickly changing field.
