Policy Research Working Paper Migrant Labor Markets and the Welfare of Rural Households in the Developing World: Evidence from China PDF Download
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Author: Alan de Brauw
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Abstract: In this paper, the authors examine the impact of reductions in barriers to migration on the consumption of rural households in China. The authors find that increased migration from rural villages leads to significant increases in consumption per capita, and that this effect is stronger for poorer households within villages. Household income per capita and non-durable consumption per capita both increase with out-migration, and increase more for poorer households. The authors also establish a causal relationship between increased out-migration and investment in housing and durable goods assets, and these effects are also stronger for poorer households. The authors do not find robust evidence, however, to support a connection between increased migration and investment in productive activity. Instead, increased migration is associated with two significant changes for poorer households: increases both in the total labor supplied to productive activities and in the land per capita managed by the household. In examining the effect of migration, we pay considerable attention to developing and examining our identification strategy.
Author: Alan de Brauw
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Abstract: In this paper, the authors examine the impact of reductions in barriers to migration on the consumption of rural households in China. The authors find that increased migration from rural villages leads to significant increases in consumption per capita, and that this effect is stronger for poorer households within villages. Household income per capita and non-durable consumption per capita both increase with out-migration, and increase more for poorer households. The authors also establish a causal relationship between increased out-migration and investment in housing and durable goods assets, and these effects are also stronger for poorer households. The authors do not find robust evidence, however, to support a connection between increased migration and investment in productive activity. Instead, increased migration is associated with two significant changes for poorer households: increases both in the total labor supplied to productive activities and in the land per capita managed by the household. In examining the effect of migration, we pay considerable attention to developing and examining our identification strategy.
Author: Alan De Brauw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consumption
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Abstract: In this paper, the authors examine the impact of reductions in barriers to migration on the consumption of rural households in China. The authors find that increased migration from rural villages leads to significant increases in consumption per capita, and that this effect is stronger for poorer households within villages. Household income per capita and non-durable consumption per capita both increase with out-migration, and increase more for poorer households. The authors also establish a causal relationship between increased out-migration and investment in housing and durable goods assets, and these effects are also stronger for poorer households. The authors do not find robust evidence, however, to support a connection between increased migration and investment in productive activity. Instead, increased migration is associated with two significant changes for poorer households: increases both in the total labor supplied to productive activities and in the land per capita managed by the household. In examining the effect of migration, we pay considerable attention to developing and examining our identification strategy.
Author: Zhongyuan Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
Early literature on development economics has documented that the growth path of most advanced economies was accompanied by a process of structural transformation: the real location of labor forces across sectors and regions. Despite the substantial rapid expansion of labor migration in the past decades, emerging economies like China, India, and Vietnam maintained disproportionate employment in agriculture compared to other countries at similar levels of per capita GDP. Therefore, understanding why does the agricultural sector hold so many workers and how do labor distortions households' welfare, are especially pressing issues. My dissertation addresses these issues from three aspects using the evidence from China. The first chapter focuses on the non-separability between the land market and labor market, and explore whether the imperfection of land markets hinder rural labor migration. The second chapter sheds light on migrant workers' environmental concerns and links migration decision to the poor smog pollution. The last chapter discusses the impact of social isolation on the migrants' risky health behaviors such as smoking and explores the heterogeneous impact across gender.
Author: Richard Sabot
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 042970819X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
This book clarifies the linkages among income distribution, migration, surplus labor, and poverty in developing countries. It assesses the implications of different key characteristics of labor markets for the response of labor supply to the hiring of additional urban workers.
Author: Derek Byerlee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Africa
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Conference paper on the rural area labour market, migration and economic development in Africa - includes a bibliography pp. 40 to 47 and statistical tables. Conference held in BAD godesberg 1972 aug 26 to September 4.
Author: Liu Xiaoguang
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811208603
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: Somik V. Lall
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Mercado de trabajo - Paises en desarrollo
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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Book Description
"The migration of labor from rural to urban areas is an important part of the urbanization process in developing countries. Even though it has been the focus of abundant research over the past five decades, some key policy questions have not found clear answers yet. To what extent is internal migration a desirable phenomenon and under what circumstances? Should governments intervene and, if so, with what types of interventions? What should be their policy objectives? To shed light on these important issues, the authors survey the existing theoretical models and their conflicting policy implications and discuss the policies that may be justified based on recent relevant empirical studies. A key limitation is that much of the empirical literature does not provide structural tests of the theoretical models, but only provides partial findings that can support or invalidate intuitions and in that sense, support or invalidate the policy implications of the models. The authors' broad assessment of the literature is that migration can be beneficial or at least be turned into a beneficial phenomenon so that in general migration restrictions are not desirable. They also identify some data issues and research topics which merit further investigation. "--World Bank web site.
Author: Abdoulaye Sy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
The overall objective of this thesis is to analyze the determinants and welfare effects of changes in agricultural productivity, rural population size and exposure to weather shocks in developing nations. The thesis is organized in three chapters. Chapter 1 analyzes the welfare and distributional effects of large dams in Sub Saharan Africa. The empirical strategy exploits the fact that, in Africa, a substantial number of dam construction was preceded by the establishment of international river basin treaties and authorities which dealt with the management of water resources and encouraged the construction of dams. Exploiting this policy context, this chapter develops an instrumental variable strategy using differences in suitability for dam(explained by differences in river gradients) between river basins within the same treaty basin to address the endogeneity of dam location. The results show that in river basins where a dam is built children are shorter and weigh less. These negative effects are amplified by recent adverse rainfall shocks. In river basins located downstream from a dam, child height and weight improve significantly. These gains are smaller when recent rainfall realizations were low. Taken together the findings demonstrate that dam construction in Sub-Saharan Africa clearly creates losers and winners showing the scope for more effective policymaking in order to capture the benefits from investing in large dam while compensating those who would lose. An interesting area for future research is to analyze whether and how institutional quality could alleviate the unequal distribution of the costs and benefits of dam construction in Sub Saharan Africa. Chapter 2 investigates how rural out-migration affects rural labor markets in developing countries. This question is of great importance given the role rural-urban and rural-rural population movements play in the process of structural transformation and economic development. As the Agricultural sector shrinks, workers leave rural areas for manufacturing and services jobs in cities. How does this process affect rural labor markets and the welfare of those who remain in rural areas? This paper examines this question empirically by investigating the effect of rural out-migration on rural wages using Brazilian population censuses from 1980 to 2000. I develop an approach for estimating the effect of rural out-migration on rural wages using the evidence that rural out-migration rates are different across cohorts of workers and that these differences change over time. The results indicate that a 10 percent increase in rural out-migration raises rural wages by 1 to 5 percent. This result suggests that rural out-migration flows in Brazil between 1991 and 2000 have increased wages by 3 to 6.5\%. In chapter 3 I analyze the short-run and medium-run consequences of agricultural shocks on human capital accumulation using data from Zambia. Because of their large dependence on rain-fed agriculture, a large proportion of households in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to rainfall shocks. Moreover, the usual mechanisms for smoothing income or consumption(credit and insurance) may be missing or limited in such economies. Households' inability to transfer resources across time and state of the nature may lead them to adopt coping strategies that are detrimental to asset and human capital accumulation. Using data collected around two periods of drought in Southern Africa, I examine whether exposure to agricultural shocks affects schooling and whether these effects persist or diminish over time. I find that exposure to the droughts reduced enrollment rates by 10 percentage points and years of schooling by 8 percentage points in the short-run. I also find some evidence of partial catch-up in the medium-run which suggests that children exposed to the drought remained in school at older ages. These findings have important policy implications. They suggest that technologies to reduce rainfall shocks and safety nets may have large benefits in reducing delays and increasing the rate of human capital accumulation. Moreover education policies should target regions and individuals exposed to agricultural or income shocks in order to limit drops in enrollment rates and facilitate the return of students who temporarily left school.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464812829
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
Migration presents a stark policy dilemma. Research repeatedly confirms that migrants, their families back home, and the countries that welcome them experience large economic and social gains. Easing immigration restrictions is one of the most effective tools for ending poverty and sharing prosperity across the globe. Yet, we see widespread opposition in destination countries, where migrants are depicted as the primary cause of many of their economic problems, from high unemployment to declining social services. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets addresses this dilemma. In addition to providing comprehensive data and empirical analysis of migration patterns and their impact, the report argues for a series of policies that work with, rather than against, labor market forces. Policy makers should aim to ease short-run dislocations and adjustment costs so that the substantial long-term benefits are shared more evenly. Only then can we avoid draconian migration restrictions that will hurt everybody. Moving for Prosperity aims to inform and stimulate policy debate, facilitate further research, and identify prominent knowledge gaps. It demonstrates why existing income gaps, demographic differences, and rapidly declining transportation costs mean that global mobility will continue to be a key feature of our lives for generations to come. Its audience includes anyone interested in one of the most controversial policy debates of our time.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264216502
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
This publication gathers the papers presented at the “OECD-EU dialogue on mobility and international migration: matching economic migration with labour market needs” (Brussels, 24-25 February 2014), a conference jointly organised by the European Commission and the OECD.
