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Author: Y.R. Dommergues
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400975295
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
It is an established fact that we must continually increase and improve agricultural production if we are to meet even the minimum requirements of a growing popu lation for food, shelter, and fuel. In recent years, the introduction of new plant varieties and the extensive use of fertilizers have effectively increased crop yields, but intensifying agricultural methods has often led to depleting soil fertility. Two examples of the harmful consequences of intensive farming practices are the loss of up to 2.5 cm of topsoil every 15 years in the United States through erosion and the alarming rise in environmental pollution through widespread use of pesticides. Countless other processes affecting the activity of soil micro flora and the inter actions between microorganisms and plants may pose an equal danger to soil equilibrium, but their potential hazards are often overlooked because of an insufficient understanding of soil microbiology on the part of scientists. In the first published study of its kind, the authors of this book have attempted to address major aspects of the microbial activity of soil in the tropics. Tropical conditions serve as an ideal context for a discussion of soil microbiology, since biological processes in the soil are particularly active in tropical environments in comparison to other settings and in relation to physical and chemical processes.
Author: Y.R. Dommergues
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400975295
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Get Book Here
Book Description
It is an established fact that we must continually increase and improve agricultural production if we are to meet even the minimum requirements of a growing popu lation for food, shelter, and fuel. In recent years, the introduction of new plant varieties and the extensive use of fertilizers have effectively increased crop yields, but intensifying agricultural methods has often led to depleting soil fertility. Two examples of the harmful consequences of intensive farming practices are the loss of up to 2.5 cm of topsoil every 15 years in the United States through erosion and the alarming rise in environmental pollution through widespread use of pesticides. Countless other processes affecting the activity of soil micro flora and the inter actions between microorganisms and plants may pose an equal danger to soil equilibrium, but their potential hazards are often overlooked because of an insufficient understanding of soil microbiology on the part of scientists. In the first published study of its kind, the authors of this book have attempted to address major aspects of the microbial activity of soil in the tropics. Tropical conditions serve as an ideal context for a discussion of soil microbiology, since biological processes in the soil are particularly active in tropical environments in comparison to other settings and in relation to physical and chemical processes.
Author: Y. R. Dommergues
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789024724055
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Author: Y. R. Dommergues
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789024724055
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Nitrogen balance in tropical agrosystems. Nitrogen fixation by legumes in the tropics. Heterotrophic N2 fixation in paddy soils. N2-fixing tropical non-legumes. Free-living blue-green algae in tropical soils. Azzolla-anabaena symbiosis-its physiology and in tropical agriculture. Denitrification in rice soils. Endomycorrhizae in the tropics. Ectomycorrhizae in the tropics. The significance of the biological sulfur cycle in rice production.
Author: Patrice Dion
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364205076X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
The relationships between soils, microbes and humans are of crucial relevance in the tropics, where plant stress and microbial activity are exacerbated. This volume of Soil Biology presents the living component of tropical soils, showing how it is shaped by environmental conditions and emphasizing its dramatic impact on human survival and well-being. Following an introduction to the specificities of tropical soils and of their microbial communities, the biological aspects of soil management are examined, dealing with land use change, conservation and slash-and-burn agriculture, the restoration of hot deserts, agroforestry and paddy rice cultivation. As they are of particular relevance for tropical agriculture, symbioses of plants and microbes are thoroughly covered, as are the biodegradation of pesticides and health risks associated with wastewater irrigation. Lastly, traditional soil knowledge is discussed as a key to our sustainable presence in this world.
Author: Geoffrey R. Dixon
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048194792
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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Book Description
Soils into which crop plants root and from which they obtain essential minerals and water contain huge arrays of microbes. Many have highly beneficial effects on crop growth and productivity, others are pathogens causing diseases and losses to yield and quality, a few microbes offer protection from these pathogenic forms and others have little or no effect. These intimate and often complex inter-relationships are being explored with increasing success providing exciting opportunities for increasing crop yields and quality in sustainable harmony with the populations of beneficial soil microbes and to the detriment of pathogens. This book explores current knowledge for each of these aspects of soil microbiology and indicates where future progress is most likely to aid in increasing crop productivity by means which are environmentally benign and beneficial.
Author: Suresh Kumar Dubey
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811633649
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
This book describes the multitude of interactions between plant, soil, and micro-organisms. It emphasizes on how growth and development in plants, starting from seed germination, is heavily influenced by the soil type. It describes the interactions established by plants with soil and inhabitant microbial community. The chapters describe how plants selectively promote certain microorganisms in the rhizospheric ecozone to derive multifarious benefits such as nutrient acquisition and protection from diseases. The diversity of these rhizospheric microbes and their interactions with plants largely depend on plant genotype, soils attributes, and several abiotic and biotic factors. Most of the studies concerned with plant–microbe interaction are focused on temperate regions, even though the tropical ecosystems are more diverse and need more attention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how soil type and climatic conditions influence the plant–soil–microbes interaction in the tropics. Considering the significance of the subject, the present volume is designed to cover the most relevant aspects of rhizospheric microbial interactions in tropical ecosystems. Chapters include aspects related to the diversity of rhizospheric microbes, as well as modern tools and techniques to assess the rhizospheric microbiomes and their functional roles. The book also covers applications of rhizospheric microbes and evaluation of prospects improving agricultural practice and productivity through the use of microbiome technologies. This book will be extremely interesting to microbiologists, plant biologists, and ecologists.
Author: Y. R. Dommergues
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789024724055
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Author: Tapan Kumar Adhya
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811073805
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive collection of articles illustrating the importance of microbial community structure and function for ecosystem sustainability and environmental reclamation. It addresses a diverse range of topics, including microbial diversity, physiology, genomics, ecosystem function, interaction, metabolism, and the fruitful use of microbial communities for crop productivity and environmental remediation. In addition, the book explores issues ranging from general concepts on the diversity of microorganisms in soil, and ecosystem function, to the evolution and taxonomy of soil microbiota, with future prospects. It covers cutting-edge methods in soil microbial ecological studies, rhizosphere microflora, the role of organic matter in plant productivity, biological nitrogen fixation and its genetics, microbial transformation of plant nutrients in soil, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and organic matter transformation. The book also discusses the application of microbes in biodegradation of xenobiotic contaminants. It covers bio-fertilizers and their role in sustainable agriculture and soil health, biological control of insect pests and plant pathogens, and the latest tools of omics in soil microbiology, i.e. genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics, which offer pioneering approaches to the exploration of microbial structure and function.
Author: Rajan Kumar Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microbial diversity
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
When we are standing on the ground, we are really standing on roof-top of other world. Soil might look dirt but it is far more interestings; living in the soil or plant roots, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, lichens, protozoan, nematodes etc. These exist in great diversity among various microorganisms and even with in a group of microorganisms, dependng on the habitat and environmental factors. Soils are formed from a stew of geological ingredients or parent material (rock and mineral), water and billions of organisms. The interaction between climate, parent of soil properties that are unique to the soil type and climate. It has been proposed that a micorbe should be considered as a new state symbol in the company of state animals, the state bird, state flower, state fish and state insect. The state microbe will be a living symbol of an organism that reflect the culture and heritage of people and will contribute mightily to the state s economy. The present Volume is compendium of wide ranging modern topics on soil microbiology. It is an assemblage of the up-to-date information of rapid advances and developments taking place in the field of soil microbilogy. The book is a unique compilation of 30 Chapters which discuss exhaustive studies on algae, fungi, lichens, mycorrhizae, bacteria, virus and other microroorganisms. This book will be a mile-stone in the field of soil microbiology, because it will open a new vista in the field of soil microbiology and its applied aspects. The authors have done a tremendous job of synthesizing all the recent and up-to-date information. The present book aimed to emphasise on diverse aspects of soil microflora. The various information incorporated in the book by authors who are internationally acknowledged experts in the microbiology and are the eminent scientists of the Country, they have made sincere efforts to make their papers as recent and comprehensive as possible. The book has been framed with the intention of providing a sufficient depth of the subject to satisfy the needs at a level which will be comprehensive and interesting. The book will be useful to the students, theacher, scientists and researchers from the different branches of soil microbiology. It is hoped that the will fully meet the objectives of catering the needs of the students and researchers in the fields of Botany, Microbiology, Soil Science, Agricultural Science and Forestry of all Indian Universities. Contents Chapter 1: Soil Microflora: A General Aspect by Mukesh Kumar, Anjali Khare and Rajan Kumar Gupta; Chapter 2: Distribution of Cyanobacteria in Coastal Sandy Soils and Alumina Mine Waste Soils of Orissa by S P Adhikary and Pramila Tripathy; Chapter 3: Significance of Soil Microorganisms in Sustainable Agriculture by Shalini Singh, Rachana Srivastava and Y V Singh; Chapter 4: Impact of Herbicides on Cyanobacterial Flora of Rice Fields by Mihir Kumar Das; Chapter 5: Mycorrhizae: Benefits and Practical Applications in Forest Management by K P Singh, P Srinivas and Bijendra Kumar; Chapter 6: Role of Earthworms in Soil Biology and Crop Production by Y V Singh, Shalini Singh and Rachana Srivastava; Chapter 7: Diversity of Soil Lichens in India by Roshni Khare, D K Upreti, Sanjeeva Nayaka and R K Gupta; Chapter 8: Bacterial and Fungal Diversity in Alkali Affected Soil by Kaushal Pratapo Singh, Dheeraj Mohan and Seema Bhadauria; Chapter 9: Frankia-Actinorhizal Symbiosis: An Overview by Amrita Srivastava, Anju Singh, Satya Shila Singh and Arun Kumar Mishra; Chapter 10: Cyanobacterial Surfactants Enhance the Fertility and Stability of Tropical Soils by Usha Pandey; Chapter 11: Soil Denitrifying Bacteria and Environmental Factros Regulating Denitrification in Soil by Paromita Ghosh; Chapter 12: Molecular Mechanism of Nitrogen Fixation in Rhizobium by Ravi Rajhans and Rajan Kumar Gupta; Chapter 13: Role of Soil Microorganisms in Nutrition and Health of Higher Plants by Dheeraj Mohan, Preetesh Kumari, Kaushal Pratap Singh and Anurahda Chauhan; Chapter 14: Soil Microflora and their Impact on Soil Health by Narendra Kumar, Pawan Kumar and Surendra Singh; Chapter 15: Soil Microbes and their Importance by Anjana K Vala and Anita Suresh Kumar; Chapter 16: Freeze Recovery and Nitrogenase Activity in Antarctic Cyanobacterium Nostoc Commune by Rajan Kumar Gupta and Mukesh Kumar; Chapter 17: Seasonal Variation in Root Colonization and Rhizosphere Soil Spore Population of Mycorrhiza Species in Various Plants Growing in Alkali Soil by Kaushal Pratap Singh, Dheeraj Mohan, Rekha Yadav, Seema Bhadauria and Chatar Singh; Chapter 18: Nitrogen Fixing Soil Microflora by Yashveer Singh; Chapter 19: Agrobacterium: A Natural Genetic Engineer by Ashutosh Bahuguna, Madhuri K Lily and Koushalya Dangwal; Chapter 20: Association of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizas with Ornamental Plant Petunia by Deepak Vyas Deepali Bilthare, Pramod Kumar Richhariya and Rajan Kumar Gupta; Chapter 21: Cyanobacterial Biodiversity in the Soils of Kumaon Region by Anjali Khare, Mukesh Kumar and Promod Kumar; Chapter 22: Ecological Diversities in Soil Microorganisms by P B Tiwary; Chapter 23: Biocontrol of Leaf Rot of Pan Caused by Phytophthora Parasitica var Piperina by Native Fungal Species by Deepak Vyas, Rajesh Yadav and Rajan Kumar Gupta; Chapter 24: Azotobacter: Recent Advances by Sangeeta Paul and Bishwajeet Paul; Chapter 25: Prospects and Potential of Azolla-Anabaena System by G Abraham, Sudheer Saxena and Dolly Wattal Dhar; Chapter 26: Ecological and Biotechnological Relevance of Cyanobacteria by Kaushal Kishore Choudhary; Chapter 27: Usse of Azolla as Cheap and Sustainable Source of Feed and Other Utililties for Future by G Abraham, Raghubir Shah and Dolly Wattal Dhar; Chapter 28: Soil Micro-diversity and its Importacne in Agriculture by G K Sharma; Chapter 29: Soil Microflora of Rohilkhand Division by Iqbal Habib and U K Chaturvedi; Chapter 30: Role of Cyanobacteria in Amelioration of Soil by Pramita Jaiswal
Author: Tapan Kumar Adhya
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811061785
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive collection of articles illustrating the importance of microbial community structure and function for ecosystem sustainability and environmental reclamation. It addresses a diverse range of topics, including microbial diversity, physiology, genomics, ecosystem function, interaction, metabolism, and the fruitful use of microbial communities for crop productivity and environmental remediation. In addition, the book explores issues ranging from general concepts on the diversity of microorganisms in soil, and ecosystem function to the evolution and taxonomy of soil microbiota, with future prospects. It covers cutting-edge methods in soil microbial ecological studies, rhizosphere microflora, the role of organic matter in plant productivity, biological nitrogen fixation and its genetics, microbial transformation of plant nutrients in soil, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and organic matter transformation. The book also discusses the application of microbes in biodegradation of xenobiotic contaminants. It covers bio-fertilizers and their role in sustainable agriculture and soil health, biological control of insect pests and plant pathogens, and the latest tools of omics in soil microbiology, i.e. genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics, which offer pioneering approaches to the exploration of microbial structure and function.
