Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Vadose Zone-Groundwater Habitats PDF Download
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Author: Zifang Chi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832540554
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
Author: Zifang Chi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832540554
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Zifang Chi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832554563
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
Given the success of Volume I of this Research Topic, and how rapidly the subject area is evolving, we are pleased to announce the launch of Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Vadose Zone-Groundwater Habitats, Volume II. You can check Volume I here: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/37506/microbial-ecological-and-biogeochemical-processes-in-the-soil-vadose-zone-groundwater-habitats Microorganisms regulate biogeochemical cycles and serve various functions within the soil, vadose zone, and groundwater habitats. Microbial communities are sensitive to environmental changes and can respond to them rapidly. The composition and function of these microorganisms in different habitats can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, which affect biochemical processes and ecosystem functions. Therefore, to develop a healthy-stable-sustainable ecosystem, this research topic focuses on microbial ecological and biogeochemical processes in the soil-vadose zone-groundwater habitat.
Author: Francis H. Chapelle
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471348528
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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Book Description
Ein zeitgemäßer Beitrag zum Schutz unserer wertvollen Grundwasservorräte! In drei Teilen beschreibt dieser Band alle Aspekte der Mikrobiologie und Geochemie des Grundwassers. Teil 1 ist einem allgemeinen Überblick über die vorhandenen Mikroorganismen (Arten, Wachstum, Metabolismus, Genetik, Ökologie) gewidmet. Teil 2 befaßt sich mit Verteilung dieser Organismen im Grundwasser, Probennahme und geochemischen Modellen. Im Mittelpunkt des 3. Teils stehen mikrobiologische Prozesse in wasserführenden Schichten, die mit Chemikalien verunreinigt wurden. (10/00)
Author: Jan Dirk van Elsas
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824727499
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
In the ten years since the publication of Modern Soil Microbiology, the study of soil microbiology has significantly changed, both in the understanding of the diversity and function of soil microbial communities and in research methods. Ideal for students in a variety of disciplines, this second edition provides a cutting-edge examination of a fascinating discipline that encompasses ecology, physiology, genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology, and makes use of biochemical and biophysical approaches. The chapters cover topics ranging from the fundamental to the applied and describe the use of advanced methods that have provided a great thrust to the discipline of soil microbiology. Using the latest molecular analyses, they integrate principles of soil microbiology with novel insights into the physiology of soil microorganisms. The authors discuss the soil and rhizosphere as habitats for microorganisms, then go on to describe the different microbial groups, their adaptive responses, and their respective processes in interactive and functional terms. The book highlights a range of applied aspects of soil microbiology, including the nature of disease-suppressive soils, the use of biological control agents, biopesticides and bioremediation agents, and the need for correct statistics and experimentation in the analyses of the data obtained from soil systems.
Author: Erika Kothe
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642233260
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
Metal contamination is an increasing ecological and eco-toxicological risk. Understanding the processes involved in metal mobilization, sorption and mineralization in soils are key features for soil bioremediation. Following an introduction to the physical, chemical and biological components of contaminated soils, various chapters address the interactions of soil, microorganisms, plants and the water phase necessary to transfer metals into biological systems. These include topics such as potential hazards at mining sites; rare earth elements in biotic and abiotic acidic systems; manganese redox reactions; biomineralisation, uranium in seepage water; metal-resistant streptomycetes; mycorrhiza in re-forestation; metal (hyper)accummulation in plants; microbial metal uptake; and their potential for bioremediation. This book will be of interest to soil biologists, geologists and chemists, researchers and graduate students, as well as consulting companies and small enterprises involved in bioremediation.
Author: Thibault Datry
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128039043
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams: Ecology and Management takes an internationally broad approach, seeking to compare and contrast findings across multiple continents, climates, flow regimes, and land uses to provide a complete and integrated perspective on the ecology of these ecosystems. Coupled with this, users will find a discussion of management approaches applicable in different regions that are illustrated with relevant case studies. In a readable and technically accurate style, the book utilizes logically framed chapters authored by experts in the field, allowing managers and policymakers to readily grasp ecological concepts and their application to specific situations. - Provides up-to-date reviews of research findings and management strategies using international examples - Explores themes and parallels across diverse sub-disciplines in ecology and water resource management utilizing a multidisciplinary and integrative approach - Reveals the relevance of this scientific understanding to managers and policymakers
Author: Stefan Krause
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119489660
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
Ecohydrological Interfaces Comprehensive overview of the process dynamics and interactions governing ecohydrological interfaces Summarizing the interdisciplinary investigation of ecohydrological interface functioning, Ecohydrological Interfaces advances the understanding of their dynamics across traditional subject boundaries. It offers a detailed explanation of the underlying mechanisms and process interactions governing ecohydrological interface functioning from the micro scale to the ecosystem and regional scale. The multidisciplinary team of authors integrates and synthesises the current understanding of process dynamics at different ecohydrological interfaces to develop a unifying concept of their ecosystem functions. The work introduces novel experimental and model-based methods for characterizing and quantifying ecohydrological interface processes, taking account of innovative sensing and tracing technologies as well as microbial and molecular biology approaches. Key questions addressed in the book include: Which conditions stimulate the transformative nature of ecohydrological interfaces? How are ecohydrological interfaces organized in space and time? How does interface activity propagate from small to large scales? How do ecohydrological interfaces react to environmental change and what is their role in processes of significant societal value? As a research level text on the functionality and performance of ecohydrological interfaces, Ecohydrological Interfaces is primarily aimed at academics and postgraduate researchers. It is also appropriate for university libraries as further reading on a range of geographical, environmental, biological, and engineering topics.
Author: Albert Carles Brangarí
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
Most of the microorganisms on Earth are found in sophisticated colonies called biofilms. Such microbial communities may proliferate everywhere life can exist as long as nutrients are available and surface attachment is possible. Some biofilms can provide valuable services to the society or to the functioning of ecosystems, while others are potentially troublesome and may contribute to health, ecological and economic problems. Particularly, in porous media, a sound characterization of the microbial dynamics is key for the design and management of many technological applications. Literature contains a vast number of experiments and model approaches that have certainly contributed to a better understanding. However, the driving forces behind microbial proliferation in soils are not yet well understood. Difficulties mostly arise from the complex nature of the interactions between microbial pools, porous media and environmental conditions. First, microbes drive the biogeochemical processes, promoting the degradation of organic matter and contaminants. Second, the accumulation of biomass in soils alters their hydraulic properties, changing the capacity to transport and retain water and solutes. Third, organisms may deploy survival mechanisms in response to environmental stresses. On one hand, biofilm matrix helps increasing the hydration status and improving the digestive system efficiency. On the other hand, microbes may be induced into a reversible state of dormancy under unfavorable conditions. The mechanisms by which this microbial habitat is regulated and the resulting impact on the hydraulic properties frame the scope of this contribution. The main outcome of the thesis consists in a new soil microbial model framework that can be used as an explorative tool to elucidate the processes occurring in bio-amended soils. Based on extensive empirical evidence, the model includes: (i) the relevant microbial compartments that permit capturing the complexity of biofilms, (ii) some mechanisms to modulate microbial dynamics according to environmental conditions; and (iii) the feedbacks between biofilms, the soil hydraulic properties and the overall conditions in the vicinities of cells. This document is structured in five chapters. In Chapter 1 the main characteristics of microbial proliferation and its impact on soils are described. In Chapter 2, two laboratory experiments aimed at unraveling the spatiotemporal biogeochemical dynamics in soils under continuous or intermittent ponding conditions are described. Several direct and indirect measurements of biomass and activity reported evidence of microbial adaptation to the environmental circumstances. Chapter 3 presents a mechanistic model to study the impact of biomass accumulation on the variably saturated hydraulic properties of soils. Special emphasis is laid on the mechanisms behind water flow and retention. The biofilm represents bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), displaying a complex channeled geometry that shrinks/swells with suction. New analytical solutions of the soil-water retention curve and the relative permeability are derived and discussed. In Chapter 4 a model that can simulate the proliferation of multi-compartment biofilms is presented. Such an approach permits unraveling the microbial dynamics in different environments and the underlying mechanisms controlling the response to stress. To achieve this, the model is equipped with indicators to monitor environmental and biological factors and react accordingly. Finally, Chapter 5 comprises a summary of the most important conclusions drawn during the course of the thesis. In general, the model is able to reproduce meaningfully a number of complex experimental processes. The most important mechanisms behind microbial and geochemical dynamics in soils and their impact on the hydraulic properties have been partially elucidated.
Author: Emily Lewis Cardarelli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
At the intersection of terrestrial and aquatic environments, alluvial landscapes link up-land, riverine, and subsurface ecosystems. Floodplains and associated alluvial aquifers are hotspots of the biogeochemical processes influencing surface water and groundwater quality. The microbial communities within these zones are often drivers of these processes, and thus their structure and function may affect water quality. Currently, depth-resolved information about the structure and function of microbial communities within floodplains and their impacts on alluvial aquifers is limited. However, such information is critical for understanding biogeochemical cycles and how elemental stores are altered from perturbations initiated by the water cycle within floodplains. Surveyed from the surface to the sediment-bedrock interface, this dissertation illuminates temporal and depth-specific trends in microbial community dynamics within floodplains of the Western U.S. Here I present results from multiple field projects throughout the Western U.S. sampled under different hydrologic conditions. This work employs complementary molecular approaches in a field-based study, where the microbial ecology and geochemistry of key biogeochemical cycles (N, Fe, S, C) are explored. Through concurrent lines of geochemical and microbial evidence, spatiotemporal in-sights on subsurface microbial dynamics over a record flooding event are presented. Semiarid, intermontane cores (down to 6m depth) sampled under drought conditions in the Western U.S. and over drought-to-flood conditions on the Wind River-Little Wind River floodplain at Riverton, WY. Pairing depth-resolved high-throughput sequencing with detailed geochemical measurements for more than 250 samples from five sites, I identified hydrologic regime transitions drove the development of microbial niches and geochemical redox-stratification patterns within the vertical profiles examined. These findings suggest that transitions from unsaturated to saturated conditions coincided with major changes in microbial diversity and community stability, supporting trends in spatiotemporal succession that hold possible microbial and geochemical implications for subsurface systems and riverine water quality extending beyond this work.
Author: Luis Silveira
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
ISBN: 1848260288
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 584
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Book Description
Groundwater theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Groundwater is water located beneath the ground surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of lithologic formations. This theme presents a perspective of the field of groundwater and an overview of the important aspects of the subject such as, natural origin and distribution, characteristics under diverse climates and surrounding rocky environments, exploration and management, natural quality and human related sources of contamination, sustainable exploitation of resources, protection and current research trends. The content of the theme on Groundwater is organized with state-of-the-art presentations covering several topics: Origin, Distribution, Formation, and Effects; Typical Hydrogeological Scenarios; Transport Processes in Groundwater; Transport Phenomena and Vulnerability of the Unsaturated Zone; Groundwater Development; Groundwater Use and Protection; Groundwater Management: An Overview of Hydro-geology, Economic Values and Principles of Management; Special Issues in Groundwater, which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, Managers, and Decision makers and NGOs
