Methane Partial Oxidation Over Phthalocyanine Catalyst PDF Download
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Author: Yuan Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
The partial oxidation reaction of methane over a zeolite-supported ruthenium phthalocyanine catalyst is studied in a packed bed reactor. The investigation of such reaction is desirable because partial oxidation of methane yields a synthesis gas that can be upgraded to liquid chemicals and fuels. Reactants of this study are He-diluted CH4 and O2. The effluent includes unreacted CH4 and O2, He, CO, CO2, H2, and H2O vapor. Thermal conductivity gas chromatography is applied to identify the mole fractions of reactants and products. System pressure is maintained at 50 psig. Experiments are run at 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, and 375°C. For each temperature, the feed molar ratio of CH4/O2 is varied from 0.5 to 5.0. Although reaction temperature is more than 200°C lower than that of common catalytic methane partial oxidation, conversion of methane is obvious. Product analysis indicates that the highest conversion is 80.4% at 375°C, CH4/O2=0.5. Conversion of methane increases with increasing temperature, but it decreases with increasing molar ratio CH4/O2. Selectivities of both H2 and CO increase with the increasing temperature or molar ratio CH4/O2. But selectivity of CO2 decreases with the increasing temperature or molar ratio CH4/O2. Based on a differential packed bed reactor model, the global rate of CH4 reaction shows first order dependencies on each of O2 and CH4. The overall reaction rate is a second-order reaction. The reaction rate constant k for each temperature was also determined. An Arrhenius plot of the global rate constants suggest that the reaction is limited by reaction kinetics between 250-300°C, and limited by mass transfer between 300-375°C. Equilibrium calculations are also made for all cases in this study. The result shows that products selectivities of equilibrium calculation are significantly different from that of catalytic reactions, which emphasizes the effective catalytic actions of the zeolite-supported ruthenium phthalocyanine.
Author: Yuan Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
The partial oxidation reaction of methane over a zeolite-supported ruthenium phthalocyanine catalyst is studied in a packed bed reactor. The investigation of such reaction is desirable because partial oxidation of methane yields a synthesis gas that can be upgraded to liquid chemicals and fuels. Reactants of this study are He-diluted CH4 and O2. The effluent includes unreacted CH4 and O2, He, CO, CO2, H2, and H2O vapor. Thermal conductivity gas chromatography is applied to identify the mole fractions of reactants and products. System pressure is maintained at 50 psig. Experiments are run at 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, and 375°C. For each temperature, the feed molar ratio of CH4/O2 is varied from 0.5 to 5.0. Although reaction temperature is more than 200°C lower than that of common catalytic methane partial oxidation, conversion of methane is obvious. Product analysis indicates that the highest conversion is 80.4% at 375°C, CH4/O2=0.5. Conversion of methane increases with increasing temperature, but it decreases with increasing molar ratio CH4/O2. Selectivities of both H2 and CO increase with the increasing temperature or molar ratio CH4/O2. But selectivity of CO2 decreases with the increasing temperature or molar ratio CH4/O2. Based on a differential packed bed reactor model, the global rate of CH4 reaction shows first order dependencies on each of O2 and CH4. The overall reaction rate is a second-order reaction. The reaction rate constant k for each temperature was also determined. An Arrhenius plot of the global rate constants suggest that the reaction is limited by reaction kinetics between 250-300°C, and limited by mass transfer between 300-375°C. Equilibrium calculations are also made for all cases in this study. The result shows that products selectivities of equilibrium calculation are significantly different from that of catalytic reactions, which emphasizes the effective catalytic actions of the zeolite-supported ruthenium phthalocyanine.
Author: Min Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
Author: J. Nakamura
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
Author: Wolf
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401574499
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.
Author: Maria-Guadalupe Cardenas-Galindo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
Author: Nick Joseph Degenstein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Author: Eduardo E. Wolf
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 566
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Book Description
A reasonable case could be made that the scientific interest in catalytic oxidation was the basis for the recognition of the phenomenon of catalysis. Davy, in his attempt in 1817 to understand the science associated with the safety lamp he had invented a few years earlier, undertook a series of studies that led him to make the observation that a jet of gas, primarily methane, would cause a platinum wire to continue to glow even though the flame was extinguished and there was no visible flame. Dobereiner reported in 1823 the results of a similar investigation and observed that spongy platina would cause the ignition of a stream of hydrogen in air. Based on this observation Dobereiner invented the first lighter. His lighter employed hydrogen (generated from zinc and sulfuric acid) which passed over finely divided platinum and which ignited the gas. Thousands of these lighters were used over a number of years. Dobereiner refused to file a patent for his lighter, commenting that "I love science more than money." Davy thought the action of platinum was the result of heat while Dobereiner believed the ~ffect ~as a manifestation of electricity. Faraday became interested in the subject and published a paper on it in 1834; he concluded that the cause for this reaction was similar to other reactions.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
Catalytic oxidation of methane to partial oxidation products, primarily formaldehyde and C[sub 2] hydrocarbons, was found to be directed by the catalyst used. In this project, it was discovered that a moderate oxidative coupling catalyst for C[sub 2] hydrocarbons, zinc oxide, is modified by addition of small amounts of Cu and Fe dopants to yield fair yields of formaldehyde. A similar effect was observed with Cu/Sn/ZnO catalysts, and the presence of a redox Lewis acid, Fe[sup III] or Sn[sup IV], was found to be essential for the selectivity switch from C[sub 2] coupling products to formaldehyde. The principle of double doping with an oxygen activator (Cu) and the redox Lewis acid (Fe, Sn) was pursued further by synthesizing and testing the CuFe-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The Cu[sup II](ion exchanged) Fe[sup III](framework)-ZSM-5 also displayed activity for formaldehyde synthesis, with space time yields exceeding 100 g/h-kg catalyst. However, the selectivity was low and earlier claims in the literature of selective oxidation of methane to methanol over CuFe-ZSM-5 were not reproduced. A new active and selective catalytic system (M=Sb, Bi, Sn)/SrO/La[sub 2]O[sub 3] has been discovered for potentially commercially attractive process for the conversion of methane to C[sub 2] hydrocarbons, (ii) a new principle has been demonstrated for selectivity switching from C[sub 2] hydrocarbon products to formaldehyde in methane oxidations over Cu, Fe-doped zinc oxide and ZSM-5, and (iii) a new approach has been initiated for using ultrafine metal dispersions for low temperature activation of methane for selective conversions. Item (iii) continues being supported by AMOCO while further developments related to items (i) and (ii) are the objective of our continued effort under the METC-AMOCO proposed joint program.
Author: Jianjun Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789036521420
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 135
Get Book Here
Book Description
Catalytic oxidation of methane to partial oxidation products, primarily formaldehyde and C2 hydrocarbons, was found to be directed by the catalyst used. In this project, it was discovered that a moderate oxidative coupling catalyst for C2 hydrocarbons, zinc oxide, is modified by addition of small amounts of Cu and Fe dopants to yield fair yields of formaldehyde. A similar effect was observed with Cu/Sn/ZnO catalysts, and the presence of a redox Lewis acid, Fe{sup III} or Sn{sup IV}, was found to be essential for the selectivity switch from C2 coupling products to formaldehyde. The principle of double doping with an oxygen activator (Cu) and the redox Lewis acid (Fe, Sn) was pursued further by synthesizing and testing the CuFe-ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. The Cu{sup II}(ion exchanged) Fe{sup III}(framework)-ZSM-5 also displayed activity for formaldehyde synthesis, with space time yields exceeding 100 g/h-kg catalyst. However, the selectivity was low and earlier claims in the literature of selective oxidation of methane to methanol over CuFe-ZSM-5 were not reproduced. A new active and selective catalytic system (M=Sb, Bi, Sn)/SrO/La2O3 has been discovered for potentially commercially attractive process for the conversion of methane to C2 hydrocarbons, (ii) a new principle has been demonstrated for selectivity switching from C2 hydrocarbon products to formaldehyde in methane oxidations over Cu, Fe-doped zinc oxide and ZSM-5, and (iii) a new approach has been initiated for using ultrafine metal dispersions for low temperature activation of methane for selective conversions. Item (iii) continues being supported by AMOCO while further developments related to items (i) and (ii) are the objective of our continued effort under the METC-AMOCO proposed joint program.
