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Author: Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889455416
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
The mesothelium is composed by a single layer of mesothelial cells that vest the serosal cavities (pleural, peritoneal and pericardial) and internal organs of the body. The mesothelial cells have a mixed phenotype of epithelial cells and fibroblasts rendering them remarkable plasticity. Besides providing a slippery surface for the frictionless movement of internal organs, the mesothelium participates in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Some of its functions include lung development, trans-cellular and para-cellular transport of ions and water, secretion of glycoproteins (mainly hyaluronan), secretion of cytokines and growth factors, wound healing, response to inflammatory stimuli and induction of inflammation, mesothelial to mesenchymal transition and formation of tunneling nanotubes. Many of these functions are pivotal to physiological conditions such as respiratory development, maintenance of steady volume of serosal fluids and serosal permeability, cell-to-cell communication, re-mesotheliazation of serosal membranes after mechanical (e.g. by asbestos or nanoparticles) or inflammatory injury and participation in immune responses. Deviation from the physiological threshold of these functions results in the development of serosal effusions, induction of serosal and lung fibrosis, induction of mesothelial tumorigenesis, leading thus to devastating pathologies. Treatment of pathologies like mesothelioma, pleural and peritoneal fibrosis (in cases of patients under Peritoneal Dialysis) or lung fibrosis still pose a great challenge for researchers.
Author: Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889455416
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
The mesothelium is composed by a single layer of mesothelial cells that vest the serosal cavities (pleural, peritoneal and pericardial) and internal organs of the body. The mesothelial cells have a mixed phenotype of epithelial cells and fibroblasts rendering them remarkable plasticity. Besides providing a slippery surface for the frictionless movement of internal organs, the mesothelium participates in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Some of its functions include lung development, trans-cellular and para-cellular transport of ions and water, secretion of glycoproteins (mainly hyaluronan), secretion of cytokines and growth factors, wound healing, response to inflammatory stimuli and induction of inflammation, mesothelial to mesenchymal transition and formation of tunneling nanotubes. Many of these functions are pivotal to physiological conditions such as respiratory development, maintenance of steady volume of serosal fluids and serosal permeability, cell-to-cell communication, re-mesotheliazation of serosal membranes after mechanical (e.g. by asbestos or nanoparticles) or inflammatory injury and participation in immune responses. Deviation from the physiological threshold of these functions results in the development of serosal effusions, induction of serosal and lung fibrosis, induction of mesothelial tumorigenesis, leading thus to devastating pathologies. Treatment of pathologies like mesothelioma, pleural and peritoneal fibrosis (in cases of patients under Peritoneal Dialysis) or lung fibrosis still pose a great challenge for researchers.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The mesothelium is composed by a single layer of mesothelial cells that vest the serosal cavities (pleural, peritoneal and pericardial) and internal organs of the body. The mesothelial cells have a mixed phenotype of epithelial cells and fibroblasts rendering them remarkable plasticity. Besides providing a slippery surface for the frictionless movement of internal organs, the mesothelium participates in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Some of its functions include lung development, trans-cellular and para-cellular transport of ions and water, secretion of glycoproteins (mainly hyaluronan), secretion of cytokines and growth factors, wound healing, response to inflammatory stimuli and induction of inflammation, mesothelial to mesenchymal transition and formation of tunneling nanotubes. Many of these functions are pivotal to physiological conditions such as respiratory development, maintenance of steady volume of serosal fluids and serosal permeability, cell-to-cell communication, re-mesotheliazation of serosal membranes after mechanical (e.g. by asbestos or nanoparticles) or inflammatory injury and participation in immune responses. Deviation from the physiological threshold of these functions results in the development of serosal effusions, induction of serosal and lung fibrosis, induction of mesothelial tumorigenesis, leading thus to devastating pathologies. Treatment of pathologies like mesothelioma, pleural and peritoneal fibrosis (in cases of patients under Peritoneal Dialysis) or lung fibrosis still pose a great challenge for researchers.
Author: John S.P. Jones
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447114043
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 442
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Book Description
Many books have been written about the pathology of the major organs of the body such as the lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract etc. Included in these are descriptions - often with a minor emphasis - of pathological conditions which affect their serosal surfaces. In this book I have endeavoured to reverse the process and treat the mesothelium as an organ in its own right, rather than being the "no man's land" between various major structures. A number of pathological conditions are common to the coverings of the three major body cavities - the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum - while some abnormalities are exclusive to one or other sites. I hope that the contents of this book cover a broad enough spectrum of mesothelial diseases to be of help to service pathologists, who are ever increasingly being asked to make diagnoses, particularly on small biopsies of pleural and peritoneal tissues. It is also my hope that the various aspects of the subject have been dealt with in sufficient depth to be of use to pathol ogists engaged in teaching and research, and to those whose interests lie in the structure and function of the mesothelium. There is still much to be learned in understanding the way the mesothelium behaves in the realm of both inflammatory response and tumour formation. If this book provides a stimulus to furthering research in these fields I feel it will have achieved its objective.
Author: Krassimira N. Michailova
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540280456
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
in the human visceral pleura is the sole reliable criterion for the statement that it belongs to the ‘thick type’, while all observed animals have a ‘thin’ type VP. The mesothelium and underlying structures of the SM represent a highly permeable bidirectional membrane with signi?cant differences in the organ and region tra- port as a local phenomenon after horseradish peroxidase application. Stomata are constant features seen by SEM, but are occasional ?ndings observed by TEM over both sides of the diaphragm, lower intercostal spaces, anterior abdominal wall and greater omentum in untreated animals. Our data extend the location of stomata over the liver and broad ligament of the uterus. We strictly de?ned and nominated the main structures of the lymphatic regions as lymphatic units, stomata, and LL. Several different types of vascularization of omental and extraomental (medias- nal pleura and lesser pelvis) MS are observed after India ink application. Human and animal differences in their location, mesothelial covering, the vessel (blood and lymphatic) supply, free and connective tissue cells and their arrangement are discussed. The mesothelium and the BL changes start early in the gestation and continue throughout the postnatal period. Both cell types (?at and cubic) are already evident through prenatal life.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The biological outcome of Hyaluronan (also hyaluronic acid, abbreviated HA) interaction with its CD44 or RHAMM receptors recently attracted much attention within the scientific community owing to a Nature article by Tian X et al. (Nature 2013; 499:346-9). The article described a life span exceeding 30 years in naked mole rats, whereas the maximal lifespan of mice, to which the naked mole rat is related, is only 4 years. This observation is accompanied by the finding that the naked mole rat, in contrast to the mouse, does not develop spontaneous tumors during this exceptional longevity. The article provides evidence that interaction of long tissue HA (6000-12,000 kDa) of the naked mole rat with cell surface CD44, in contrast to the interaction of short tissue HA (less than 3000 kDa) with the mouse CD44, makes the difference. More specifically, this communication shows that the interaction of short HA with fibroblasts' CD44 imposes on them susceptibility for malignant transformation, whereas the corresponding interaction with long HA imposes on the fibroblasts a resistance to malignant transformation. The article does not explain the mechanism that underlines these findings. However, the articles, that will be published in the proposed Research Topic in the Inflammation section of Frontiers in Immunology, can bridge not only this gap, but also may explain why interaction between short HA and cell surface CD44 (or RHAMM, an additional HA receptor) enhances the development of inflammatory and malignant diseases. Furthermore, the articles included in the proposed Frontiers Research Topic will show that cancer cells and inflammatory cells share several properties related to the interaction between short HA and cell surface CD44 and/or RHAMM. These shared properties include: 1. Support of cell migration, which allows tumor metastasis and accumulation of inflammatory cells at the inflammation site; 2. Delivery of intracellular signaling, which leads to cell survival of either cancer cells or inflammatory cells; 3. Delivery of intracellular signaling, which activates cell replication and population expansion of either cancer cells or inflammatory cells; and 4. Binding of growth factors to cell surface CD44 of cancer cells or inflammatory cells (i.e., the growth factors) and their presentation to cells with cognate receptors (endothelial cells, fibroblasts), leading to pro-malignant or pro-inflammatory activities. Going back to the naked mole rat story, we may conclude from the proposed articles of this Frontiers Research Topic that the long HA, which displays anti-malignant effect, interferes with the above described pro-malignant potential of the short HA (perhaps by competing on the same CD44 receptor). Extrapolating this concept to Inflammation, the same mechanism (competition?) may be valid for inflammatory (and autoimmune) activities. If this is the case, long HA may be used for therapy of both malignant and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, targeting the interaction between short HA and CD44 (e.g. by anti-CD44 blocking antibodies) may display also a therapeutic effect on both malignant and inflammatory diseases, an issue that encourages not only fruitful exchange of views, but also practical experimental collaboration.
Author: Thomas Kiefer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319323393
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
This book covers all aspects of successfully treating patients using chest drains, beginning with anatomy and ending with physiotherapy and pain management. The aim of the book is to provide medical professionals with a step-by-step guide to using a chest drain, with specific chapters on indications, kinds of chest drains, catheters, drainage systems, how to insert a chest tube, complications during placement and handling of a chest drain, removing a chest drain, management of the pleural space and post-procedural care. Unlike general thoracic surgery textbooks, this book gives a complete overview of chest drains in clinical practice to ensure the best possible care of patients.
Author: Philippe Astoul
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642383513
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
There is an increasing need for medical thoracoscopy performed by pulmonologists, which may be video assisted and has the advantage of being very cost-effective. This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to thoracoscopy for pulmonologists that documents the considerable progress in endoscopic telescopes and instrumentation. Clear practical guidance is provided on technique, and diagnostic, therapeutic, and interventional applications of thoracoscopy are all carefully examined with the aid of high-quality illustrations. Although medical thoracoscopy is much less invasive than thoracotomy, complications can occur in a small number of cases; these are discussed and advice on prevention is provided. The concluding section examines the future of the field, covering developments such as ‘mini’ thoracoscopy, autofluorescence thoracoscopy, and flexi-rigid thoracoscopy.
Author: Aliya Husain, MD
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1437723802
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 632
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Book Description
Save time identifying and diagnosing diseases of the lung, mediastinum and heart with Thoracic Pathology, a volume in the Highy Yield Pathology series. Edited by noted pathologist Dr. Aliya Husain, this medical reference book is designed to help you review the key pathologic features of a full range of thoracic diseases, recognize the classic look of typical specimens, and quickly confirm your diagnoses for more than 400 discreet entities found in the lung, mediastinum, and heart. Find information quickly and easily with a templated, easy-to-reference format. Confirm your diagnoses with excellent color photographs that demonstrate the classic appearance of each disease. Find the answers you need fast with concise bulleted text. Depend on authoritative information from leading experts in the field. Access the full text online, perform quick searches, and download images at www.expertconsult.com. Your first reference for fast, reliable thoracic pathology diagnostic information
Author: Webb
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198855435
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1961
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Book Description
Now in paperback, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text covering all aspects of adult intensive care management. Uniquely this text takes a problem-orientated approach providing a key resource for daily clinical issues in the intensive care unit. The text is organized into short topics allowing readers to rapidly access authoritative information on specific clinical problems. Each topic refers to basic physiological principles and provides up-to-date treatment advice supported by references to the most vital literature. Where international differences exist in clinical practice, authors cover alternative views. Key messages summarise each topic in order to aid quick review and decision making. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Careprovides an up-to-date reference that is relevant for intensive care units and emergency departments globally. This volume is the definitive text for all health care providers, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals who take care of critically ill patients.
Author: G. Familiari
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461539447
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
