Mechanobiological Response of Stem Cells Derived from the Periodontal Ligament and Dental Pulp to Compressive Loading PDF Download
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Author: Anthony N Khoury
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Among the debilitating disorders associated with the musculoskeletal system, osteoarthritis and osteogenesis are the most prevalent disorders. These diseases are commonplace among people throughout the world and related healthcare options do little to improve on the condition. While the causes are yet to be fully understood, novel approaches involving stem cell treatments are currently being evaluated. The understanding of metabolic, formation, and degradation processes is simply a stepping-stone leading to the formulation of an innovative treatment. The goal of this study was to assess the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of stem cells derived from two different cell lines in the teeth. While there is a plethora of available stem cell lines found in the human body, cells from the Periodontal Ligament (PDL) and Dental Pulp were utilized to perform these experiments. Due to the many characteristics shared between teeth and bone it was hypothesized that compressive forces, both dynamic and static, on both cell lines would have a positive differentiation impact. Cells were loaded into 2% Agarose hydrogels and tested at a frequency of 1Hz and 0.1Hz for dynamic compression as well as static compression. A custom designed bioreactor was used to provide the sinusoidal dynamic compression in addition to the static compression. All experiments were performed under 15% strain for two hours a day, for three consecutive days. Samples were quantified using RT-PCR in association with ten genes varying for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis. Results from this study suggested that mechanical loading had a positive impact on the differentiation of cells derived from the PDL and Dental Pulp. Dynamic loading conditions resulted in an increase of up regulation for osteogenic and chondrogenic genes, while static loading had displayed no positive effects.
Author: Anthony N Khoury
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Among the debilitating disorders associated with the musculoskeletal system, osteoarthritis and osteogenesis are the most prevalent disorders. These diseases are commonplace among people throughout the world and related healthcare options do little to improve on the condition. While the causes are yet to be fully understood, novel approaches involving stem cell treatments are currently being evaluated. The understanding of metabolic, formation, and degradation processes is simply a stepping-stone leading to the formulation of an innovative treatment. The goal of this study was to assess the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential of stem cells derived from two different cell lines in the teeth. While there is a plethora of available stem cell lines found in the human body, cells from the Periodontal Ligament (PDL) and Dental Pulp were utilized to perform these experiments. Due to the many characteristics shared between teeth and bone it was hypothesized that compressive forces, both dynamic and static, on both cell lines would have a positive differentiation impact. Cells were loaded into 2% Agarose hydrogels and tested at a frequency of 1Hz and 0.1Hz for dynamic compression as well as static compression. A custom designed bioreactor was used to provide the sinusoidal dynamic compression in addition to the static compression. All experiments were performed under 15% strain for two hours a day, for three consecutive days. Samples were quantified using RT-PCR in association with ten genes varying for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis. Results from this study suggested that mechanical loading had a positive impact on the differentiation of cells derived from the PDL and Dental Pulp. Dynamic loading conditions resulted in an increase of up regulation for osteogenic and chondrogenic genes, while static loading had displayed no positive effects.
Author: Fikrettin Şahin
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319289470
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
This book explores Dental Stem Cell (DSC) biology, from a review of basic concepts for cell culture, to isolation, self-renewal, multipotency and differentiation, regulation by molecular medicine, and prospective research areas for regenerative medicine. The first seven chapters delve into basic DSC properties, vital signaling pathways involved in differentiation, pluripotency, iPS cell development from DSCs, and genetic engineering approaches of DSCs in accordance with the current literature. A comprehensive review of possible clinical applications and in vitro/in vivo studies follows, illustrating the future of DSC research for in the tissue engineering field. The text also discusses the political, ethical, social, and legal ramifications of the use of dental stem cells. Expertly authored and drawing from a multitude of international perspectives, Dental Stem Cells is an invaluable addition to Springer’s Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series. It is essential reading for advanced graduate students, basic researchers, and clinical investigators in the fields of stem cell therapy, biological sciences of dentistry, and regenerative medicine.
Author: Rachel J. Waddington
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118741048
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry: Current Strategies presents a thorough update on the current advances, methods and understanding in tissue engineering in dentistry. It offers invaluable tools, case studies, and methodologies for undertaking research, including important biological and practical considerations to facilitate successful migration of research from the bench to the clinic. Offers detailed coverage of the basic underlying principles and scientific evidence, and includes protocols to highlight practical applications Written by an internationally renowned team of expert contributors A must-have read for researchers and specialist clinicians in tissue engineering, oral biology, dental materials science, periodontology and oral surgery
Author: Giovanna Orsini
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889199843
Category : Physiology
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Sequential and reciprocal interactions between oral epithelial and cranial neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells give rise to the teeth and periodontium. Teeth are vital organs containing a rich number of blood vessels and nerve fibers within the dental pulp and periodontium. Teeth are composed by unique and specific collagenous (dentin, fibrillar cementum) and non-collagenous (enamel) highly mineralized extracellular matrices. Alveolar bone is another collagenous hard tissue that supports tooth stability and function through its close interaction with the periodontal ligament. Dental hard tissues are often damaged after infection or traumatic injuries that lead to the partial or complete destruction of the functional dental and supportive tissues. Well-established protocols are routinely used in dental clinics for the restoration or replacement of the damaged tooth and alveolar bone areas. Recent progress in the fields of cell biology, tissue engineering, and nanotechnology offers promising opportunities to repair damaged or missing dental tissues. Indeed, pulp and periodontal tissue regeneration is progressing rapidly with the application of stem cells, biodegradable scaffolds, and growth factors. Furthermore, methods that enable partial dental hard tissue repair and regeneration are being evaluated with variable degrees of success. However, these cell-based therapies are still incipient and many issues need to be addressed before any clinical application. The understanding of tooth and periodontal tissues formation would be beneficial for improving regenerative attempts in dental clinics. In the present e-book we have covered the various aspects dealing with dental and periodontal tissues physiology and regeneration in 6 chapters: 1. General principles on the use of stem cells for regenerating craniofacial and dental tissues 2. The roles of nerves, vessels and stem cell niches in tissue regeneration 3. Dental pulp regeneration and mechanisms of various odontoblast functions 4. Dental root and periodontal physiology, pathology and regeneration 5. Physiology and regeneration of the bone using various scaffolds and stem cell populations 6. Physiology, pathology and regeneration of enamel using dental epithelial stem cells
Author: Muhammad Fawwaz Abdullah
Publisher: Penerbit USM
ISBN: 9838619310
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
The importance of stem cells for various treatment purposes came to be realized after the advent of its prolific research. Stem cells are being popularly harvested from many sources such as embryo and bone marrow. However, harvesting and reaping the beneficial effects of stem cells from dental pulp is still cradling in its infancy. Indeed, there is a dearth of information on the detailed procedure of harvesting the stem cells from the dental pulp. This book is a compendium which highlights on the procedures of harvesting the stem cells from dental pulp and its characterization, with the aim to trigger the interests of the readers who are keen to venture further in this field. Keywords: Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penerbit Universiti Sains Malayia, Penerbit USM
Author: Sibel Yildirim
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461456878
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
Stem cell technology is moving forward at a tremendous rate. Recent discoveries have surprised even the most expert researchers. While every piece of new data broadens the current knowledge and contributes to this moving forward, the new data also serve as paradigm shifters of fundamental knowledge of cell biology. While the question ‘What is a Stem Cell’ may now seem to basic to even discuss, there are still some discrepancies, however, between groups in terms of their functional roles. Teeth develop from the ectoderm of the first branchial arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest. Deciduous teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth weeks, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth weeks. Several studies have demonstrated that the pulp from both adult teeth and deciduous teeth contains dental pulp stem cells. Several factors have made them very attractive as a model system for many researchers; they are multipotent, ethically and non-controversially available in large numbers, immuno-compatible, developmentally primitive, easy to isolate and have high expansion potential in vitro. However, many controversies still exist in the field. There are several unanswered questions in the biology of dental pulp and odontoblasts. This new volume in the SpringerBriefs in Stem Cells series presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration.
Author: Mikihito Kajiya
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889744760
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Author: Deepa Ponnaiyan
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659396991
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
It has been established that human dental pulp and periodontal ligament contain a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the phenotypic analysis in terms of putative stem cell markers expressed by these stem cell populations is incomplete. It is relevant to understand whether stem cells derived from closely related tissues are programmed differently. This book therefore, provides an insight into the phenotypes of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Both the stem cells express embryonic stem (ES) cell markers. Differences were observed in expression of stemness-related markers. DPSCs displayed increased percentages of SSEA4, CD13 and CD166 and decreased CD9 expression compared to PDLSCs. Both stem cells express common MSC markers, different levels of expression suggests there might be more than one stem cell population existing within these tissues which differ in their embryonic status, and DPSCs are a more primitive stem cell population in comparison to PDLSCs. This analysis should shed some light into the nature of stem cells from dental tissues and help researchers utilize these stem cells for regenerative medicine.
Author: Ajaykumar Vishwakarma
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123977789
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 933
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Book Description
Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences bridges the gap left by many tissue engineering and stem cell biology titles to highlight the significance of translational research in this field in the medical sciences. It compiles basic developmental biology with keen focus on cell and matrix biology, stem cells with relevance to tissue engineering biomaterials including nanotechnology and current applications in various disciplines of dental sciences; viz., periodontology, endodontics, oral & craniofacial surgery, dental implantology, orthodontics & dentofacial orthopedics, organ engineering and transplant medicine. In addition, it covers research ethics, laws and industrial pitfalls that are of particular importance for the future production of tissue constructs. Tissue Engineering is an interdisciplinary field of biomedical research, which combines life, engineering and materials sciences, to progress the maintenance, repair and replacement of diseased and damaged tissues. This ever-emerging area of research applies an understanding of normal tissue physiology to develop novel biomaterial, acellular and cell-based technologies for clinical and non-clinical applications. As evident in numerous medical disciplines, tissue engineering strategies are now being increasingly developed and evaluated as potential routine therapies for oral and craniofacial tissue repair and regeneration. Diligently covers all the aspects related to stem cell biology and tissue engineering in dental sciences: basic science, research, clinical application and commercialization Provides detailed descriptions of new, modern technologies, fabrication techniques employed in the fields of stem cells, biomaterials and tissue engineering research including details of latest advances in nanotechnology Includes a description of stem cell biology with details focused on oral and craniofacial stem cells and their potential research application throughout medicine Print book is available and black and white, and the ebook is in full color
Author: Al Moataz-Bellah Nermeen
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659519598
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
This book presents a study that focuses on the concepts of functional tissue engineering (FTE) and stem cell technology in an attempt to apply such technologies in the dental field. In this study, we focused on the effect of mechanical compression on stimulating the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. The pulp cells were isolated, their differentiation potentials to the angiogenic and neurogenic lineages were tested, and were stimulated mechanically in a custom built bioreactor to differentiate into odontoblasts. The results were promising, showing the ability of mechanical stimulation to induce the odontogenic differentiation of the isolated pulp stem cells. This book should be useful to researchers in the fields of tissue regeneration and stem cells technology or anyone who is interested in learning the concepts of stem cells isolation and differentiation.
