Mechanical Properties and Structure of a Toco Toucan Beak PDF Download
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Author: Yasuaki Seki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
Author: Yasuaki Seki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Yasuaki Seki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
The structure and mechanical behavior of Toco toucan (Ramphastos toco) and Wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) beaks were examined. The structure of Toco toucan and Wreathed hornbill beak was found to be a sandwich composite with an exterior of keratin and a fibrous bony network of closed cells made of trabeculae. A distinctive feature of the hornbill beak is its casque formed from cornified keratin layers. The casque is believed to have an acoustic function due to the complex internal structure. The toucan and hornbill beaks have a hollow region that extends from proximal to mid-section. The rhamphotheca is comprised of superposed polygonal scales (45 [mu]m diameter and 1[mu]m thickness) fixed by some organic adhesive. The branched intermediate filaments embedded in keratin matrix were discovered by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The diameter of intermediate filaments was ~10 nm. The orientation of intermediate filaments was examined with TEM tomography and the branched filaments were homogeneously distributed. The closed-cell foam is comprised of the fibrous structure of bony struts with an edge connectivity of three or four and the cells are sealed by the thin membranes. The volumetric structure of bird beak foam was reproduced by computed tomography for finite element modeling. The mechanical behavior of bird beaks was evaluated by tensile and compression testing. Micro and nanoindentation hardness measurements were used to corroborate these values. The mechanical response of toucan rhamphotheca exhibits isotropy whereas hornbill rhamphotheca may behave anisotropically in tension. The Young's moduli of toucan and hornbill rhamphotheca were found to be ~1.0 GPa. The Young's modulus of rhamphotheca at high humidity condition dropped by a order of magnitude. The rhamphotheca exhibits a strain-rate sensitivity with a transition from slippage of the scales due to release of the organic glue, at a low strain rate, to fracture of the scales at a higher strain rate. The compressive strength of beak foam is dependent on the density. The higher apparent density of hornbill foam provides a four-fold higher strength than toucan foam. The mechanical behavior of beak skulls were modeled by the Gibson-Ashby constitutive equation. The compressive response of the beak revealed that there is a synergistic effect between foam and shell evidenced by the separate response of shell, foam, and foam + shell. The sandwich design of bird beaks were evaluated by the Karam-Gibson and Dawson-Gibson models. The models proved that the design of bird beaks was optimized for effectively achieving high resistance to buckling when they are subjected to bending rather than uniaxial loads. The synergistic interaction between foam and shell is also successfully confirmed by a finite element analysis (LS-DYNA). The foam stabilizes the deformation and prevents local buckling of the keratin shell by providing an internal support which increases its buckling load under compressive loading. The bending behavior of bird beak in finite element analysis was successfully compared with experimental results. The volumetric structure of bird beak foam was reconstructed in 3D by a visualization technique and this rendering was successfully applied to finite element calculations which predict compressive strength in agreement with experimental results.
Author: Yongmei Zheng
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128148446
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Bioinspired Design of Materials Surfaces reviews novel methods and technologies used to design surfaces and materials for smart material and device applications. The author discusses how materials wettability can be impacted by the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures, anisotropic structures, gradient structures, and heterogeneous patterned structures on the surfaces of materials. The design of these structures was inspired by nature, including lotus, cactus, beetle back and butterfly wings, spider silk, and shells. The author reviews the various wettability functions that can result from these designs, such as self-cleaning, directional adhesion, droplet driving, anti-adhesion, non-wetting, liquid repellent properties, liquid separation, liquid splitting, and more. This book presents a key reference on how to fabricate bioinspired structures on materials for desired functions of materials wettability. It also discusses challenges, opportunities and many potential applications, such as oil-water separation devices, water harvesting devices and photonic device applications. Introduces the fundamentals of both bioinspired materials design and the theory behind dynamic materials wettability Reviews the latest methods and technologies used to create functional surfaces and structured materials that impact and potentially control wettability Provides a snapshot of potential device applications, such as oil-water separation, water harvesting, fluid transport, photonic applications, and much more
Author: Marc André Meyers
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 113995220X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 647
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Book Description
Taking a unique materials science approach, this text introduces students to the basic concepts and applications of materials and biomedical engineering and prepares them for the challenges of the new interdisciplinary field of biomaterials science. Split into three sections - Basic Biology Principles, Biological Materials, and Bioinspired Materials and Biomimetics - it presents biological materials along with the structural and functional classification of biopolymers, bioelastomers, foams, and ceramic composites. More traditional biomimetic designs such as Velcro are then discussed in conjunction with new developments that mimic the structure of biological materials at the molecular level, mixing nanoscale with biomolecular designs. Bioinspired design of materials and structures is also covered. Focused presentations of biomaterials are presented throughout the text in succinct boxes, emphasising biomedical applications, whilst the basic principles of biology are explained, so no prior knowledge is required. The topics are supported by approximately 500 illustrations, solved problems, and end-of-chapter exercises.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 768
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Book Description
Author: Deb Newberry
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303103760X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
As long as humans have existed on the planet, they have looked at the world around them and wondered about much of what they saw. This book covers 21 different phenomena that have been observed in nature and puzzled about for decades.Only recently, with the development of the microscopes and other tools that allow us to study, evaluate, and test these observed phenomena at the molecular and atomic scale, have researchers been able to understand the science behind these observations. From the strength of a marine sponge found at the depths of the oceans, to the insect-hydroplaning surface of the edge of a plant, to the intricacies of the eyes of a moth, nanotechnology has allowed science to define and understand these amazing capabilities. In many cases, this new understanding has been applied to products and applications that benefit humans and the environment. For each of the five ecosystems— the ocean, insects, flora, fauna, and humans—the observations, study and understanding, and applications will be covered. The relationship between the more easily observed macro level and understanding what is found at the nanoscale will also be discussed.
Author: Kamakhya Prakash Misra
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323886035
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Book Description
Ceramic Science and Engineering: Basics to Recent Advancements covers the fundamentals, classification and applications surrounding ceramic engineering. In addition, the book contains an extensive review of the current published literature on established ceramic materials. Other sections present an extensive review of up-to-date research on new innovative ceramic materials and reviews recently published articles, case studies and the latest research outputs. The book will be an essential reference resource for materials scientists, physicists, chemists and engineers, postgraduate students, early career researchers, and industrial researchers working in R&D in the development of ceramic materials. Ceramic engineering deals with the science and technology of creating objects from inorganic and non-metallic materials. It combines the principles of chemistry, physics and engineering. Fiber-optic devices, microprocessors and solar panels are just a few examples of ceramic engineering being applied in everyday life. Advanced ceramics such as alumina, aluminum nitride, zirconia, ZnO, silicon carbide, silicon nitride and titania-based materials, each of which have their own specific characteristics and offer an economic and high-performance alternative to more conventional materials such as glass, metals and plastics are also discussed. Covers environmental barrier ceramic coatings, advanced ceramic conductive fuel cells, processing and machining technology in ceramic and composite materials, photoluminescent ceramic materials, perovskite ceramics and bioinspired ceramic materials Reviews both conventional, established ceramics and new, innovative advanced ceramics Contains an extensive review of the current published literature on established ceramic materials
Author: Alfred Martin Lucas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Birds
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
Author: Marc André Meyers
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107010454
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 647
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Book Description
Takes a materials science approach, correlating structure-property relationships with function across a broad range of biological materials.
Author: Brian H. Coles
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470691564
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery is designed as a concise quick reference for the busy practitioner and animal nurse. Eminently practical, this classic avian text is prized for its down-to-earth approach. new contributions from world renowned experts in avian medicine new chapter on the special senses of birds, an understanding of which is crucial when giving advice on avian welfare problems fully up-to-date on the latest diagnostic and imaging techniques avian zoonotics are highlighted in infectious diseases section
