Measurements of Charge Radii of Neutron-deficient Calcium Using Collinear Laser Spectroscopy at Becola PDF Download
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Author: Andrew Jacob Miller
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781085653213
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
Calcium is a unique element, possessing two stable doubly-magic nuclei. Ca charge radii have been a challenge for nuclear theories to reproduce due to their unusual behavior. The chain of stable Ca isotopes spans from 40Ca to 48Ca, and although these differ by 8 neutrons, the nuclear charge radii are nearly identical. In addition to this peculiarity, there is a pronounced odd-even staggering in the charge radii, and an unexpected increase moving toward the neutron-rich isotopes. This work represents the first investigation of charge radii of these neutron-deficient calcium isotopes. Collinear laser spectroscopy (CLS) has been shown to be a valuable tool to investigate the fundamental properties of nuclei, such as nuclear spin, charge radii, magnetic dipole moments, and spectroscopic electric quadrupole moments. By probing the shift of the hyperfine spectra between isotopes, the nuclear charge radius can be extracted. In the case of non-zero nuclear and atomic spins, the nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moment can also be obtained from the hyperfine splitting. In the present work, CLS was successfully performed on 36,37,38,39Ca at the BEam COoler and LAser spectroscopy (BECOLA) facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. Improvements to the offline ion source and laser system, and a new photon detection system made it possible to study 36Ca with only ~50 ions/s despite the challenge of the short 102 ms half-life, the most sensitive measurement at BECOLA to date. First measurements were made of the charge radii of 36-38Ca, and the charge radius of 39Ca is in agreement with previous results, while reducing uncertainty by a factor of 3. The charge radii of these isotopes, especially the weakly-bound 36Ca have required an advanced model of charge radii to understand the effects of loosely-bound protons on the pairing interaction, in the vicinity of the proton drip-line (35Ca is the last bound calcium isotope). Despite the fact that the protons in these neutron-deficient systems are weakly-bound, the charge radii of 36-38Ca were found to be very compact and significantly smaller than predicted by previous theories. With Nuclear Density Functional Theory (DFT) using a novel Fayans interaction which contains novel nuclear-density gradient dependent surface and pairing terms, the complete chain of charge radii of 36-52Ca have now been reproduced and understood, and the DFT model best describing these new measurements on the neutron-deficient side also has improved agreement with data on the neutron-rich side.
Author: Andrew Jacob Miller
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781085653213
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 149
Get Book Here
Book Description
Calcium is a unique element, possessing two stable doubly-magic nuclei. Ca charge radii have been a challenge for nuclear theories to reproduce due to their unusual behavior. The chain of stable Ca isotopes spans from 40Ca to 48Ca, and although these differ by 8 neutrons, the nuclear charge radii are nearly identical. In addition to this peculiarity, there is a pronounced odd-even staggering in the charge radii, and an unexpected increase moving toward the neutron-rich isotopes. This work represents the first investigation of charge radii of these neutron-deficient calcium isotopes. Collinear laser spectroscopy (CLS) has been shown to be a valuable tool to investigate the fundamental properties of nuclei, such as nuclear spin, charge radii, magnetic dipole moments, and spectroscopic electric quadrupole moments. By probing the shift of the hyperfine spectra between isotopes, the nuclear charge radius can be extracted. In the case of non-zero nuclear and atomic spins, the nuclear magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moment can also be obtained from the hyperfine splitting. In the present work, CLS was successfully performed on 36,37,38,39Ca at the BEam COoler and LAser spectroscopy (BECOLA) facility at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University. Improvements to the offline ion source and laser system, and a new photon detection system made it possible to study 36Ca with only ~50 ions/s despite the challenge of the short 102 ms half-life, the most sensitive measurement at BECOLA to date. First measurements were made of the charge radii of 36-38Ca, and the charge radius of 39Ca is in agreement with previous results, while reducing uncertainty by a factor of 3. The charge radii of these isotopes, especially the weakly-bound 36Ca have required an advanced model of charge radii to understand the effects of loosely-bound protons on the pairing interaction, in the vicinity of the proton drip-line (35Ca is the last bound calcium isotope). Despite the fact that the protons in these neutron-deficient systems are weakly-bound, the charge radii of 36-38Ca were found to be very compact and significantly smaller than predicted by previous theories. With Nuclear Density Functional Theory (DFT) using a novel Fayans interaction which contains novel nuclear-density gradient dependent surface and pairing terms, the complete chain of charge radii of 36-52Ca have now been reproduced and understood, and the DFT model best describing these new measurements on the neutron-deficient side also has improved agreement with data on the neutron-rich side.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Hyperfine structure spectra and isotope shifts of the neutron-rich nuclei \(^{99}\)Nb, \(^{101}\)Nb, \(^{102}\)Nb and \(^{103}\)Nb were obtained at the IGISOL (Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line) facility at the accelerator laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. The data were taken using collinear laser spectroscopy of bunched beams. Optical pumping from the ground state to populate metastable atomic states in the ion beam cooler allowed efficient spectroscopy of the ionic system that would otherwise be inaccessible due to a lack of suitable ground state resonance lines. The measurements of the hyperfine structure and the isotope shifts contribute valuable nuclear information to the understanding of the \(A\) ~ 100 region which displays a sudden onset of deformation that cannot be explained by the single particle shell model. It was possible to confirm the spin assignments for \(^{99}\)Nb, \(^{101}\)Nb and \(^{103}\)Nb as \(I\) = 9/2, \(I\) = 5/2 and \(I\) = 5/2 respectively. The extracted information on the mean square charge radii, \(\delta\bigr^2\big\), the magnetic dipole moments, \(\mu\), and the electric quadrupole moments, \(Q\), confirm a shape change of nuclei at \(N\) = 60 from soft and oblate (for \(N\)
Author: Mareike Rüffer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
Author: G. Nowicki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Author: G. Nowicki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Author: Kara Marie Lynch
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319071114
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This work details an application of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy for the separation of short-lived isomeric states and their subsequent study with decay spectroscopy. It reports the successful construction of a novel decay spectroscopy apparatus that can operate at pressures below 1 x 10^-9 mbar. The method is demonstrated by separating the nuclear ground and isomeric states of 204Fr and performing alpha-decay spectroscopy. An equivalent mass spectrometer would require 4.6 million times as much resolution to achieve the same result. This work unambiguously confirms the existence of a second isomeric state in 204Fr. The author also demonstrates the effectiveness of this method for laser spectroscopy and identification of hyperfine-structure components with energy tagging. This method was successfully used in 202Fr to identify ground and isomeric states. The measurement of 202Fr reported in this thesis demonstrates a factor of 100 improvement in sensitivity compared to state-of-the-art fluorescence techniques. The work reported in this thesis won the author the IOP Nuclear Physics Group Early Career Prize.
Author: H. Kopferman
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483275787
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Nuclear Moments focuses on the processes, methodologies, reactions, and transformations of molecules and atoms, including magnetic resonance and nuclear moments. The book first offers information on nuclear moments in free atoms and molecules, including theoretical foundations of hyperfine structure, isotope shift, spectra of diatomic molecules, and vector model of molecules. The manuscript then takes a look at nuclear moments in liquids and crystals. Discussions focus on nuclear paramagnetic and magnetic resonance and nuclear quadrupole resonance. The text discusses nuclear moments and nuclear models, as well as simple conclusions from experimental data and graphical representations of nuclear models and moments. An explanation of symbols used in the manuscript is also presented. The book is a dependable reference for readers interested in the study of nuclear moments.
Author: Juha Äystö
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400755554
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
The IGISOL group at the University of Jyväskyla studies the properties of nuclei far off the line of beta stability. These studies are performed locally at the Jyväskylä Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-Line (IGISOL) facility, as well as at a number of other laboratories such as the ISOLDE facility in CERN, at GANIL and in Helmholzzentrum GSI, the location of the future radioactive beam facility FAIR. The group is also actively involved in work to support the development of international future facilities EURISOL and aforementioned FAIR. This book presents carefully selected papers to portrait the work at IGISOL. Previously published in the journals Hyperfine Interactions and European Physical Journal A.
Author: V. S. Letokhov
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783662134870
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
The laser as a source of coherent optical radiation has made it possible to investigate nonlinear interaction of optical radiation with atoms and mole cules. Its availability has given rise to new research fields, such as non linear optics, laser spectroscopy, laser photochemistry, that lie at the boundary between quantum electronics and physical optics, optical spectros copy and photochemistry, respectively. The use of coherent optical radiation in each of these fields has led to the discovery of qualitatively ne\~ effects and possibilities; in particular, some rather subtle effects of interaction between highly monochromatic light and atoms and molecules, in optical spec troscopy, have formed the bases for certain methods of so-called nonlinear, laser Doppler-free spectroscopy. These methods have made it possible to in 5 6 crease the resolution of spectroscopic studies from between 10 and 10 , lim 11 ited by Doppl er 1 i ne broadeni ng up, to about 10 ; at present some 1 abor atories are developing new techniques that have even higher resolution. The discovery and elaboration of the methods of nonlinear laser spectroscopy have resulted largely from contributions by scientists from many countries, in particular from the USA (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford Uni versity, National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Harvard University, etc. ), the USSR (P. N. Levedev Institute of Physics, Institute of Semiconductor Phys ics in Novosibirsk, Institute of Spectroscopy, etc.
Author: Walter Greiner
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461525160
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 874
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Book Description
Ladies and Gentlemen, dear colleagues, Welcome in Bodrum to the NASion Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter! Welcome also to Mrs. Governor Dr. Lale AYTAMAN. We are very honored, that you, Governor of the Mugla-State, came here to greet us. We are particularly grateful to you that you offered help and assured us to do everything that we can enjoy two safe weeks in Bodrum, in this wonderful area of your country. I have chosen Bodrum as the place for our NASI because I like this historic region where many cultures meet (e. g. , Oriental and European (Greek, Roman) culture) and where you find numerous places which played a role in ancient science and in early Christianity- I mention Milet (Thales) and Ephesus (Apostle Paulus), both of which are close by. Our NASI will exhibit the most recent developments in high energy heavy ion physics. The meeting is both a school and a conference: A school, because there are very many advanced students, who frequently are themselves already top researchers, attending the lectures of distinguished scientists and leading researchers. It is also a conference because new material, new results of this exciting and wonderful field - our field - high energy heavy ion physics will be presented. It is the topic of hot and dense nuclear matter, which we are focusing on.
