Mathematical and Experimental Studies of Pollen Tube Tip Growth and Guidance PDF Download
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Author: Nan Luo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781339729619
Category : Arabidopsis
Languages : en
Pages : 125
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Book Description
Tip growth is an extreme form of polar growth and involves highly polarized cellular activities, such as vesicular trafficking and cell surface extension. In the presence of environmental signals, tip growing cells are able to reestablish the axis of polarity and growth in a process called growth guidance. Previous studies showed that in various cell systems, tip growth and growth guidance depend on polarized Rho GTPase signaling and exocytosis. In this study, we combined mathematical modeling and biological experimentation to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the tip growth and guidance of Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Firstly, a mathematical model integrating the intracellular signaling and the cell surface mechanics in pollen tube tip growth is presented. The predictions of the model were confirmed by phenotypic characterization of mutants defective in the ROP1 signaling, exocytosis or cell wall modification. The results supported the hypothesis that in pollen tube tip growth, exocytosis is the central player that couples ROP1 GTPase signaling pathways with cell wall mechanical properties. Secondly, a mathematical model of pollen tube guidance was developed based on the framework of the tip growth model using the Finite Element Method. In this model, the distribution of active ROP1 is biased by the gradient of the extracellular guidance signal, leading to asymmetric growth towards the source of the guidance signal. This model is validated by observing the dynamics of ROP1 activity and cell morphology in pollen tube guidance using the semi- in vitro assay. Finally, a novel method of measuring the exocytosis rate of cell membrane or cell wall proteins is presented. In this method, the protein-of-interest is tagged with Dendra2, a photo-convertible fluorescent protein. Following photoconversion, both exocytosis and other processes that affect fluorescence recovery such as endocytosis and cell surface extension can be tracked simultaneously. We developed an algorithm for data processing and calculation, and applied this method in measuring the exocytosis rate of PRK1 in Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Overall, this study provided a platform for the application of mathematics in the study of plant cell signaling and morphogenesis.
Author: Nan Luo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781339729619
Category : Arabidopsis
Languages : en
Pages : 125
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Book Description
Tip growth is an extreme form of polar growth and involves highly polarized cellular activities, such as vesicular trafficking and cell surface extension. In the presence of environmental signals, tip growing cells are able to reestablish the axis of polarity and growth in a process called growth guidance. Previous studies showed that in various cell systems, tip growth and growth guidance depend on polarized Rho GTPase signaling and exocytosis. In this study, we combined mathematical modeling and biological experimentation to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the tip growth and guidance of Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Firstly, a mathematical model integrating the intracellular signaling and the cell surface mechanics in pollen tube tip growth is presented. The predictions of the model were confirmed by phenotypic characterization of mutants defective in the ROP1 signaling, exocytosis or cell wall modification. The results supported the hypothesis that in pollen tube tip growth, exocytosis is the central player that couples ROP1 GTPase signaling pathways with cell wall mechanical properties. Secondly, a mathematical model of pollen tube guidance was developed based on the framework of the tip growth model using the Finite Element Method. In this model, the distribution of active ROP1 is biased by the gradient of the extracellular guidance signal, leading to asymmetric growth towards the source of the guidance signal. This model is validated by observing the dynamics of ROP1 activity and cell morphology in pollen tube guidance using the semi- in vitro assay. Finally, a novel method of measuring the exocytosis rate of cell membrane or cell wall proteins is presented. In this method, the protein-of-interest is tagged with Dendra2, a photo-convertible fluorescent protein. Following photoconversion, both exocytosis and other processes that affect fluorescence recovery such as endocytosis and cell surface extension can be tracked simultaneously. We developed an algorithm for data processing and calculation, and applied this method in measuring the exocytosis rate of PRK1 in Arabidopsis pollen tubes. Overall, this study provided a platform for the application of mathematics in the study of plant cell signaling and morphogenesis.
Author: Gerhard Obermeyer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319566458
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
This book focuses on the biophysical aspects of tip growth: How do physical parameters like pressure, water potential, electrical fields, or ion currents contribute to and influence this specialized and highly dynamic form of cell growth? It provides an updated and balanced overview of the current state of knowledge and future research perspectives regarding how pollen tubes’ growth is driven and regulated by molecular interactions underlying the cellular processes. The individual chapters address topics ranging from molecular biophysical concepts to comprehensive omic studies and computational modeling of the tip growth process. In addition, a chapter on root hair cells is included to provide an alternative view on the underlying molecular principles of tip growth in general. Each chapter provides a summary of cutting-edge techniques, results and experimental data; a statement, hypothesis or conclusion on the importance of the aspect described for tip growth, particularly pollen tip growth; and addresses open gaps in our understanding and potential approaches to remedying them. The book offers experimental and theoretical solutions to help established researchers and newcomers to the field alike solve the many mysterious behaviors of pollen tube tips.
Author: Mahsa Naghavi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: E. Ottaviano
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461229588
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Book Description
The subject of this volume is the reproductive biology of plants. A steadily growing interest in this field is the result of at least two factors, as pointed out with great foresight by one of the driving forces in the field, H.E Linskens (Linskens 1964): most of the food consumed by humans takes the form of plant reproductive parts, and molecular biology now provides pow erful tools for investigating and manipulating plant reproductive systems. Molecular biology and the allied discipline of biotechnology are solidly represented in the papers in this book. The editors of Angiosperm Pollen and Ovules believe that the chapters herein contain some of the most excit ing findings of contemporary biology, and hope that the readers of this book will share their enthusiasm. The editors express sincere and grateful thanks for help from Carla Frova, Enrico Pe, and especially to Giorgio Binelli, all of the University of Milan. Without these three tireless and enthusiastic individuals it would not have been possible to maintain the apparently effortless proceeding of this congress. We thank also the organizing committee and the organizations that generously provided financial support (both listed below). Finally, we extend thanks to M. Cresti, D. Charlesworth, D. Hess, E Hoekstra, R. Bruce Knox, J.P. Mascarenhas, M.E. Nasrallah, P.L. Pfahler, A. Snow, and M.T.M. Willemse for chairing sessions.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Author: Jozef Šamaj
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642324622
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
Endocytosis is a fundamental cellular process by means of which cells internalize extracellular and plasma membrane cargos for recycling or degradation. It is important for the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, subcellular signaling and uptake of nutrients into specialized cells, but also for plant cell interactions with pathogenic and symbiotic microbes. Endocytosis starts by vesicle formation at the plasma membrane and progresses through early and late endosomal compartments. In these endosomes cargo is sorted and it is either recycled back to the plasma membrane, or degraded in the lytic vacuole. This book presents an overview of our current knowledge of endocytosis in plants with a main focus on the key molecules undergoing and regulating endocytosis. It also provides up to date methodological approaches as well as principles of protein, structural lipid, sugar and microbe internalization in plant cells. The individual chapters describe clathrin-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis, as well as flotillin-mediated endocytosis and internalization of microbes. The book was written for a broad spectrum of readers including students, teachers and researchers.
Author: Peter Albersheim
Publisher: Garland Science
ISBN: 1136843582
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
Plant cell walls are complex, dynamic cellular structures essential for plant growth, development, physiology and adaptation. Plant Cell Walls provides an in depth and diverse view of the microanatomy, biosynthesis and molecular physiology of these cellular structures, both in the life of the plant and in their use for bioproducts and biofuels. Plant Cell Walls is a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, as well as a professional-level reference book. Over 400 drawings, micrographs, and photographs provide visual insight into the latest research, as well as the uses of plant cell walls in everyday life, and their applications in biotechnology. Illustrated panels concisely review research methods and tools; a list of key terms is given at the end of each chapter; and extensive references organized by concept headings provide readers with guidance for entry into plant cell wall literature. Cell wall material is of considerable importance to the biofuel, food, timber, and pulp and paper industries as well as being a major focus of research in plant growth and sustainability that are of central interest in present day agriculture and biotechnology. The production and use of plants for biofuel and bioproducts in a time of need for responsible global carbon use requires a deep understanding of the fundamental biology of plants and their cell walls. Such an understanding will lead to improved plant processes and materials, and help provide a sustainable resource for meeting the future bioenergy and bioproduct needs of humankind.
Author: Anja Geitmann
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781071606742
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
This volume explores a collection of experimental techniques used to investigate different aspects of pollen development and function, including its role in reaching the ovule and delivering the two sperm cells. The techniques discussed range from basic methodology to cultivate pollen in vitro to the sophisticated experiments involving micromanipulation, Lab-on-Chip technology, or high-end imaging. The chapters in this book cover topics such as pollen grain counting using a cell counter; restricted pollination for tracing individual pollen tubes in a pistil; obtaining mutant pollen for phenotypic analysis and pollen tube dual-staining; analyzing intracellular gradients in pollen tubes; and measuring exocytosis rate in Arabidopsis pollen tube using corrected fluorescence recovery after photoconversion (cFRAPc) technique. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Pollen and Pollen Tube Biology: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for novice and expert scientists interested in learning more about the field of plant reproduction.
Author: Asongu Leke Tambo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781369088052
Category : Computer simulation
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
In the process of pollination, a pollen tube grows from a pollen grain that has fallen on the stigma of a flower. This tube grows towards the ovary of the flower where it will deliver male reproductive material. This growth process is of significant interest in plant cell biology as it provides an understanding of internal cell dynamics that affect observable structural characteristics like cell diameter, length, and growth rate. Knowledge of these dynamics will provide a basis for understanding more complex cells that exhibit similar growth behavior. Pollen tube growth is the result of two main systems: a mechanical system that deforms the cell wall, and a signaling system that brings vesicles to the growth site. The mechanical system is a balance of forces between internal turgor pressure pushing outwards and cell wall resistance that maintains cell shape. Cell deformation occurs when this balance is broken when vesicles fuse with the cell membrane. Fusing vesicles release substances that reduce wall resistance, but also material that is used to maintain cell wall thickness. This cycle of fusion-growth continues until the pollen tube reaches its destination. This thesis presents two computation models for tip growth and a model for cell segmentation. The first computational growth model considers the tip region as a single entity that is deformed via an affine transformation. The values of the transformation matrix (scale and sheer) change depending on the extensibility of the cell wall, which in turn depends on the number of vesicles that have fused with the cell wall. The second model treats the tip region as a collection of line segments whose motion in the normal direction produces tip deformation. The change in length of each line segment depends on its extensibility and number of fused vesicles. The segmentation method combines fluorescence and brightfield images to produces a single segmentation of the cell. This process is especially advantageous when the segmentation of each modality shows an incomplete cell shape. Experiments with the above methods show their strengths and advantages in pollen tube growth over other methods that do not use experimental videos for validation.
Author: Sid M. Becker
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780128045954
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Modeling of Microscale Transport in Biological Processes provides a compendium of recent advances in theoretical and computational modeling of biotransport phenomena at the microscale. The simulation strategies presented range from molecular to continuum models and consider both numerical and exact solution method approaches to coupled systems of equations. The biological processes covered in this book include digestion, molecular transport, microbial swimming, cilia mediated flow, microscale heat transfer, micro-vascular flow, vesicle dynamics, transport through bio-films and bio-membranes, and microscale growth dynamics. The book is written for an advanced academic research audience in the fields of engineering (encompassing biomedical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and electrical), biology and mathematics. Although written for, and by, expert researchers, each chapter provides a strong introductory section to ensure accessibility to readers at all levels.
