Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251040584
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Author: Madramootoo
Publisher: Daya Books
ISBN: 9788170354116
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Book Description
There are several concerns about the sustainability of irrigation and drainage projects, many of which are related to the quality and disposal of drainage water. Inadequate drainage and improper drainage water disposal have led to land degradation due to water logging and salinity. There have been instances where saline or high nutrient drainage water has damaged aquatic ecosystems. Drainage continues to be a vital and necessary component of agricultural production systems. In order to enhance the net benefits of drainage systems, more attention will need to be given to the water quality impacts of drainage water disposal. This document identifies potential problems and management options in the development, production, treatment and disposal of agricultural drainage water. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction by Chandra A Madramootoo; Need for artificial drainage, Agricultural, environmental and socio-economic benefits of drainage, Types of drainage systems, Surface drainage, Subsurface drainage, Secondary drainage treatments, Environmental impact assessment, Water quality issues, Drainage water management and disposal options, On-farm source control, Re-use of drainage water, Disposal and management of drainage water in closed basins, Water table management, Planning and designing drainage systems to protect and enhance water quality; Chapter 2: Drainage Water Quality by Dennis Westcot; Water quality charactersitics, Pesticides, Toxic trace elements, Nutrients, Sediment, Bacteria, Temperature, Salinity and major ions, Sulphurous compounds, Protection of beneficial uses, Domestic and drinking water, Industrial supply, Agricultural supply, Aquatic life, Recreation; Chapter 3: Water Table Management by Daniel Zimmer and Chandra A Madramootoo; General features, Water table control structures, Water quality benefits, Drainage hydrology and water quality, Nutrients, Pesticides, Operational aspects, Farm or catchment scale, Topography and soils, Monitoring requirements; Chapter 4: Drainage Water Re-Use; Re-use for crop irrigation by Michael C Shannon; Effects of salinity on crop growth and yield, Agricultural management practices, Managing cycling and blending strategies, Re-use for saline agriculture and forestry by Vashek Cervinka, Concept of agriculture-forestry systems and solar evaporators, System design and planning, Re-use in a natural wetland by Dick A Daniel, Re-use of surface drainage water, Re-use of subsurface drainage water; Chapter 5: Drainage Water Treatment by Lawrence Owns; Physical, chemical and biological treatment processes, Selection of treatment process, Methods of treatment, Physical/chemical treatment, Biological treatment, A treatment example, Treatment in constructed wetlands by Walter J Ochs, Flow-through wetland functions, Planning and design of flow through wetlands, Hydraulic and geohydraulic characteristics, Soils and geologic characteristics, Vegetative characteristics, Implementation, monitoring and management; Chapter 6: Drainage Water Disposal; Disposal to natural hydrological systems by William R Johnston, Land application and retirement by William R Johnston, Evaporation ponds by Kenneth K Tanji, Constructed evaporation ponds, Pond hydrology, Pond water chemistry and mineralogy, Pond biology and toxicity, Biological, chemical and physical treatment options, Deep will injection by Robert T Burns, Concept and technology, Environmental considerations, Geological considerations, Case study; Chapter 7: Health Issues Related to Drainage Water Management by Martin S Fritsch; The interactions between drainage, water management and health, Water related diseases and their vectors, Incidence of diseases - cases and mortality, Vector-borne diseases: transmission by insects, Water-based diseases: transmission by aquatic and semi-aquatic snails, Water-borne excreta related infections, Health risks and chemical pollution, Integrated control of transmission of vector-borne diseases, Components of integrated control approaches, Environmental management for vector control, Environmental management measures in drainage water management, Drainage water treatment, re-use and disposal, Environmental management measures applied to drainage structures, Development of control strategies; Chapter 8: Institutional Arrangements by Ashok Subramanian; Issues and problems, Objectives and interest groups, Need for regulation, conservation and communication, Role of public and private agencies and water users, Institutional mechanisms, Laws and regulations, Corporate organizations, Participatory planning, Incentives for water quality enhancement, Monitoring, Institutional capacity.

Author: Chandra A. Madramootoo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Kenneth K. Tanji
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 212

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This publication contains guidelines to sustain irrigated agriculture and protect water resources from the negative impacts of agricultural drainage water disposal. Using case studies from Central Asia, Egypt, India, Pakistan and the US, this study highlights four broad groups of drainage water management options and provides information to enable assessment of their impact and contribution towards development goals and to facilitate the preparation of drainage water management plans and designs. The options are: water conservation, drainage water re-use, drainage water disposal and drainage water treatment. The full texts of the case studies can be found on the attached CD-ROM.

Author: Ariel Dinar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461540283
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 930

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Jan van Schilfgaarde, USDA Agricultural Research Service and National Research Council Committee on Irrigation-Induced Water Quality Problems In 1982, a startling discovery was made. Many waterbirds in Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge were dying or suffering reproductive failure. Located in the San Joaquin Valley (Valley) of California, the Kesterson Reservoir (Kesterson) was used to store agricultural drainage water and it was soon determined that the probable cause of the damage to wildlife was high concen trations of selenium, derived from the water and water organisms in the reservoir. This discovery drastically changed numerous aspects of water management in California, and especially affected irrigated agriculture. In fact, the repercussions spilled over to much of the Western United States. For a century, water development for irrigation has been a religiously pursued means for economic development of the West. The primary objective of the Reclamation Act of 1902 was, purportedly, the development ofirrigation water to support family farms which, in turn, would enhance the regional economy (Worster, 1985).

Author: R. S. Ayers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Book Description
Richtlijnen voor de werker in het veld om problemen te ondervangen ten aanzien van de waterkwaliteit voor irrigatie-doeleinden. Tenslotte worden praktijkervaringen uit diverse gebieden vermeld

Author: San Joaquin Valley Interagency Drainage Program
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 230

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Author: United States. Enviornmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116

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Author: Tasneem Abbasi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444543058
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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Book Description
This book covers water quality indices (WQI) in depth – it describes what purpose they serve, how they are generated, what are their strengths and weaknesses, and how to make the best use of them. It is a concise and unique guide to WQIs for chemists, chemical/environmental engineers and government officials. Whereas it is easy to express the quantity of water, it is very difficult to express its quality because a large number of variables determine the water quality. WQIs seek to resolve the difficulty by translating a set of a large number of variables to a one-digit or a two-digit numeral. They are essential in communicating the status of different water resources in terms of water quality and the impact of various factors on it to policy makers, service personnel, and the lay public. Further they are exceedingly useful in the monitoring and management of water quality. With the importance of water and water quality increasing exponentially, the importance of this topic is also set to increase enormously because only with the use of indices is it possible to assess, express, communicate, and monitor the overall quality of any water source. Provides a concise guide to WQIs: their purpose and generation Compares existing methods and WQIs and outlines strengths and weaknesses Makes recommendations on how the indices should be used and under what circumstances they apply

Author: Premjit Sharma
Publisher: Gene-Tech Books
ISBN: 9788189729264
Category : Drainage
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Agricultural Drainage Is The Removal Of Excess Water From The Soil Surface And/Or Soil Profile Of Cropland, By Either Gravity Or Artificial Means. The Two Main Reasons For Improving The Drainage On Agricultural Land Are For Soil Conservation And Enhancing Crop Production. The Management Goal Of Agricultural Drainage Is To Maintain A Salt Balance In The Crop Root Zone In Arid Areas And Proper Soil Water Balance In Humid Areas. Drainage Water From Different Locations And/Or Facilities Will Have Different Quality Characteristics. Poor Quality Water Should Be Separated From Good Quality Water. If Drainage Water Is Unsuitable For Reuse, It Should Be Disposed Of In A Sink Of Lower Quality Water. In Recent Years, Public Concern Has Increased About The Nature Of Agricultural Drainage And The Impact Of Agricultural Drainage Improvements On The Quality Of Water Resources And Environment. This Publication Is Designed To Help Citizens To Understand The Purpose And Nature Of Agricultural Drainage Systems And Water Quality Issues. It Will Be A Highly Useful Reference Tool For Farm And Project Managers, Consultants, Engineers And Students And Researchers In The Field Of Agricultural Science. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Surface Drainage; Chapter 3: Subsurface Drainage; Chapter 4: Water Table Management; Chapter 5: Drainage Water Quality; Chapter 6: Drainage Water Treatment; Chapter 7: Drainage Water Re-Use; Chapter 8: Drainage Water Issues; Chapter 9: Drainage Water Disposal; Chapter 10: Saline Water Irrigation; Chapter 11: Purification Of Streams And Rivers; Chapter 12: Long-Distance Water Transfer; Chapter 13: Water Quality Monitoring.