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Author: Vista Consulting Group
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 0898679044
Category : Municipal water supply
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Chapter 1 is the Introduction. Chapter 2 addresses particular conservation pricing strategies and the relationship between rate design and conservation. It is not only the size of the price change that determines the demand response but also the rate structure implemented. Inverted rate, summer seasonal rate and summer/winter differential rate structures are discussed in this chapter. Chapter 3 of the report is a practical guide and discussion of the price elasticity of water demand. The chapter provides an overview of what has been learned thus far about demand responses to price changes under varying circumstances, assumptions, and pricing strategies based on the experience of hundreds of water utilities. The chapter focuses on what utility managers should learn from the results of these studies so they can apply these results to their conservation pricing efforts. Chapter 4 is a special treatment of the long-term impacts of conservation pricing. It is much more difficult to estimate long-run price elasticities because numerous other factors that impact water demand over the long term have to be accounted for. Studies on long-term impacts have been much less reliable and have often contradicted each other. The chapter addresses various aspects that are known about long-run impacts of conservation pricing, including the difference between behavioral versus structural responses to price changes and how such a difference determines the differences between short- and long-run demand impacts and between the responses of the various customer classes.
Author: Vista Consulting Group
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 0898679044
Category : Municipal water supply
Languages : en
Pages : 120
Get Book Here
Book Description
Chapter 1 is the Introduction. Chapter 2 addresses particular conservation pricing strategies and the relationship between rate design and conservation. It is not only the size of the price change that determines the demand response but also the rate structure implemented. Inverted rate, summer seasonal rate and summer/winter differential rate structures are discussed in this chapter. Chapter 3 of the report is a practical guide and discussion of the price elasticity of water demand. The chapter provides an overview of what has been learned thus far about demand responses to price changes under varying circumstances, assumptions, and pricing strategies based on the experience of hundreds of water utilities. The chapter focuses on what utility managers should learn from the results of these studies so they can apply these results to their conservation pricing efforts. Chapter 4 is a special treatment of the long-term impacts of conservation pricing. It is much more difficult to estimate long-run price elasticities because numerous other factors that impact water demand over the long term have to be accounted for. Studies on long-term impacts have been much less reliable and have often contradicted each other. The chapter addresses various aspects that are known about long-run impacts of conservation pricing, including the difference between behavioral versus structural responses to price changes and how such a difference determines the differences between short- and long-run demand impacts and between the responses of the various customer classes.
Author: Terry J Logan
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351088521
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
Nowadays the environmental sustainability of the cropping systems is increasingly requested by the consumers. Conventional tillage practices, totally turning over the soil between the vineyard rows, may cause erosion due to rain as well as structure destruction of the soil in the long term. Conservation tillage is a soil management technique, poorly widespread in Sardinia, allowing cover cropping between vineyard rows. Furthermore, this technique makes the canopy development control of herbage possible by cutting it up during specific phenological phases. Conservation tillage usually involves direct benefits to farmers such as increasing soil fertility as well as reductionof tillage costs, soil erosion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. This long term trial, during at least five years aims to assess the conservation tillage impact on chemical-physical soil characteristics in comparison with traditional tillage by evaluating the change of organic matter, C.E.C. and availability of major plant nutrients in the soil and to estimate their probable rise. The field plots are located in a 35% slope condition vineyard, showing massive erosion problem and organic matter low content. A split/plot design with four replications was set up, with the comparison between conservation and traditional tillage apart as main plots. Moreover, the effects of two different irrigation levels were evaluated in the subplots of each main plot. At the beginning of the trial (2011) a pedological survey was made. Three soil profiles were described and sampled along the field slope and soil sampling in each plot were made both to characterize the soil and to find the zero point. The soil chemical and physical characteristics were monitored through a second soil sampling made at the end of 2013. Conservation tillage caused increasing organic matter content and C.E.C. values. As for major plant nutrients in soil, results were more uncertain. Grapevine yield and quality parameters did not show any negative effect when passing from conventional to conservation tillage techniques. The trial provided a preliminary positive evaluation of conservation tillage. However, more years are required to confirm this trend.
Author: Jordi Catalan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319559826
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 413
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Book Description
This book provides case studies and general views of the main processes involved in the ecosystem shifts occurring in the high mountains and analyses the implications for nature conservation. Case studies from the Pyrenees are preponderant, with a comprehensive set of mountain ranges surrounded by highly populated lowland areas also being considered. The introductory and closing chapters will summarise the main challenges that nature conservation may face in mountain areas under the environmental shifting conditions. Further chapters put forward approaches from environmental geography, functional ecology, biogeography, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Organisms from microbes to large carnivores, and ecosystems from lakes to forest will be considered. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers in mountain ecosystems, students and nature professionals. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428900888
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Author: United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Office of Policy Development and Research
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Housing
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Author: United States. Federal Energy Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy policy
Languages : en
Pages : 730
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Government Operations. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy policy
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
Author: Andy Clark
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437903797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Author: James Higham
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139915495
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
Within little more than a generation, whale-watching has been subject to global industrial development. It has been portrayed by destinations and business operators, and advocated by environmental groups, as a sustainable activity and an alternative to whaling. However, in recent years the sustainability of these activities has increasingly been questioned, as research shows that repeated disturbance by boat traffic can severely disrupt critical behaviours of cetaceans in the wild. Bringing together contributions by international experts, this volume addresses complex issues associated with commercial whale-watching, sustainable development and conservation of the global marine environment. It highlights widely expressed concerns for the failure of policy, planning and management and pinpoints both long-standing and emerging barriers to sustainable practice. Featuring numerous case studies, the book provides critical insights into the diverse socio-cultural, political, economic and ecological contexts of this global industry, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that arise along the pathways to sustainability.
