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Author: C. Jeya K. Henry
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521471084
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
In this book a leading team of researchers explore the long-term effects of early environment in humans.
Author: C. Jeya K. Henry
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521471084
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
In this book a leading team of researchers explore the long-term effects of early environment in humans.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309483980
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 619
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Book Description
The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Author: Gunther Pascal Meinlschmidt
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3865375863
Category : Child psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Book Description
Author: Robert T. Ammerman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461541719
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 619
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Book Description
Since the publication of the first edition in 1991, there has been substantial progress in our understanding of the etiology and associated features of domestic violence. As in the first edition, this book elucidates and highlights the complex multidisciplinary issues facing clinicians who work with family violence cases. Each chapter combines two illustrative cases with a broader discussion of the issues that are encountered by clinicians working with families that engage in abuse or neglect.
Author: Michael W. Miller
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199795975
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
This is the first book about both normal development of the nervous system and how early exposure to alcohol and nicotine interferes with this development. The developing nervous system is highly dynamic and vulnerable to genetic and epigenetic factors that can be additive or synergistic. Disruption of normal brain development leads to an array of developmental disorders. One of the most common of these is mental retardation, the prime cause of which is prenatal exposure to alcohol. As chapters in this book show, alcohol has direct effects on the developing neural system and it affects genetic regulation. Another common neurotoxin is nicotine, and it is discussed in this book for three reasons: (1) the number of adolescents who smoke cigarettes is rising in some populations; (2) prenatal exposure to nicotine affects neurotransmitter systems that are critical for normal brain development and cognition; and (3) prenatal exposure to nicotine is often accompanied by prenatal exposure to alcohol.LThe mature brain is the culmination of an orderly sequence of the basic ontogenetic processes--cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and death. Neural stem cells and progenitors proliferate in discrete sites; then, young neurons migrate long distances to their residences where they form neural networks. During this sequence many immature cells die, presumably eliminating unsuitable or non-competitive cells. Each process is regulated by genetic and environmental factors. When this regulation goes awry, a dysmorphic and dysfunctional brain results. Though this can be tragic in clinical settings, in experimental contexts it provides keen insight into normal brain development.LThe book is divided into three parts. The first describes neural ontogeny in the normal brain. The second and third deal with the consequences of early exposure to alcohol and nicotine. Though there are similarities in the effects of these two toxins, there are also intriguing differences. The commonalities reflect the plasticity and resilience of the developing brain while the differences point to the targeted effects of the two toxins. Exploring these effects brings a richer appreciation of brain development. The book will be of interest to neuroscientists, developmental biologists, teratologists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, neurologists, neuropsychologists, and to their students and trainees.
Author: Loretta L. Pecchioni
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135638489
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
This innovative text emphasizes how communicative processes develop, are maintained, and change throughout the life span. Topics covered include language skills, interpersonal conflict management, socialization, care-giving, and relationship development. Core chapters examine specific communication processes from infancy through childhood and adolescence into middle age and later life. In its exploration of the role of communication in human development, this volume: *overviews the theoretical and methodological issues related to studying communication across the life span; *discusses foundations of communication: cognitive processes and language; *examines communication in relational contexts and communication competencies; *considers communication in leisure and the media with relevance to the life-span perspective; and *presents the implications of the life-span perspective for future research. This text is intended to be used in life-span communication courses and in interpersonal communication courses with a life-span focus, at an advanced or graduate level. It may also be used in courses on family communication, aging, and language development. It will serve as a supplemental text for courses in psychology, family studies, personal relationships, linguistics, and language studies.
Author: Ildikó Rácz
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
ISBN: 288919213X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, which comprises impulsive and compulsive elements. Chronic drug consumption leads to long-term neuroadaptive changes in the brain thus result in an addictive state. However, development of addiction is a complex interaction between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. The resulting cellular and molecular changes mediate the transition from controlled drug use to the loss of control over drug-taking and drug-seeking. The human association studies helped us to identify some important genetic factors responsible for the susceptibility to addiction. However, social, environmental circumstances highly influence the development of addiction. Using animal models helps us to examine the underlying neuronal/molecular processes under standardised conditions. The aim of this Research Topic is to summarize our knowledge about the neuroplastic changes, which contribute to the maintenance of drug taking. Data presented in this Research Topic should also provide evidences how acute and long-term neuronal changes during withdrawal result in relapse. How different neuromodulators like endocannabinoids and endogenous opioids contribute to molecular mechanisms that mediate the transition from the controlled, occasional drug consumption to the uncontrolled, escalating drug use and seeking.
Author: The St. Petersburg-USA Orphanage Research Team
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444309692
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Undertaken at orphanages in Russia, this study tests the role of early social and emotion experience in the development of children. Children were exposed to either multiple caregivers who performed routine duties in a perfunctory manner with minimal interaction or fewer caregivers who were trained to engage in warm, responsive, and developmentally appropriate interactions during routine care. Engaged and responsive caregivers were associated with substantial improvements in child development and these findings provide a rationale for making similar improvements in other institutions, programs, and organizations.
Author: Thomas Keenan
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 9780761962205
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
`This is an admirable, modern textbook on child development, which is compact, beautifully organized and laid out and hence is easy to read and use. It also incorporates all the pedagogic methods which one expects in good textbooks nowadays, such as stating the aims of each chapter in bold at the beginning, together with a useful summary in a text-box and a glossary at the end of each chapter.... I was also very pleased to find that Keenan had included much of the modern thinking about child development which so many other university-level "introductions" seem, so far, to have neglected' - Young Minds `This book is well written, with a flowing narrative. It provides an excellent coverage of methods and theories in developmental psychology' - J Gavin Bremner, Department of Psychology, Lancaster University This outstanding textbook presents a comprehensive introduction to developmental psychology that is engaging, yet detailed and thorough. Covering all the major topics in child development, the book offers a grounding in the principles which govern research and theory in contemporary child development, and surveys the theories and research methods which are essential to developing a firm knowledge of the field. Key features include: ? Coverage of the child's 'theory of mind' under the rubric of social development; ? an introduction to 'emotion regulation' in the chapter on emotional development; ? Coverage of some key theories such as 'dynamic systems theory' and 'evolutionary psychology'. Ideal for students taking a first course in child or lifespan development, the book assumes little or no background in the subject.
Author: Alessandro Sale
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118931653
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Environmental Experience and Plasticity of the Developing Brain goes beyond the genetic basis of neurodevelopment. Chapters illuminate the external factors that can dramatically impact the brain early in life and, consequently, the eventual accomplishment of developmental milestones and the construction of adult behavior and personality. Authored and edited by leaders in this rapidly growing field, Environmental Experience and Plasticity of the Developing Brain not only surveys preexisting literature on the effects of environment versus genetics, but also discusses more recent studies on the impacts of neurodevelopment in terms of maternal stimulation, environmental enrichment and sensory deprivation. The book also includes key examples of environmental impacts on preexisting genetic syndromes leading to developmental disabilities. Focus is also given to the consequences of early adverse experience in primates, as well as neurobiological and behavioral consequences in institutionalized human children and the reversibility of such consequences. Environmental Experience and Plasticity of the Developing Brain encompasses a broad area of research in the field of developmental neurobiology and offers a unique combination of different examples of environmental factors affecting brain development and behavior.
