L'évaluation du statut fonctionnel à l'urgence de la personne âgée ayant des troubles cognitifs PDF Download
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Author: Julia Robitaille
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 100
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Author: Julia Robitaille
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 100
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Author: Nathalie Veillette
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Valérie Boucher (M. Sc. en sciences cliniques et biomédicales)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Introduction : Il est recommandé que les patients âgés subissent un dépistage gériatrique systématique au Département d’urgence (DU). Cependant, il est difficile pour les cliniciens de respecter cette recommandation dans la pratique. L’autoévaluation pourrait être une solution intéressante à ce problème, mais l'évaluation de l’acceptabilité de cette pratique, étape fondamentale de l’évaluation d’une intervention, n’a pas encore été effectuée. Hypothèse et objectifs : Notre hypothèse est que l’autoévaluation est aussi acceptable que l’évaluation par un professionnel. L’objectif principal de cette étude était de comparer l’acceptabilité de l’autoévaluation par les patients âgés au DU à celle de l’évaluation par un professionnel, selon les personnes âgées et leurs proches. Méthode : Devis : Étude croisée randomisée qui a eu lieu entre mai et juillet 2018. Participants : Patients âgés de ≥65 ans au DU et leur proche. Mesures : Un professionnel a évalué la fragilité, le statut cognitif et fonctionnel des participants, qui ont également fait leur autoévaluation avec une tablette électronique. L’ordre des évaluations était randomisé. L’acceptabilité était évaluée avec le Treatment Acceptability and Preferences (TAP). Analyses : Des analyses descriptives ont été effectuées pour les variables sociodémographiques. Les scores TAP ont été ajustés avec une régression linéaire multivariée. Une analyse de contenu thématique des données qualitatives a été réalisée. Résultats : 67 patients ont été inclus. L’âge moyen était de 75.5±8.0 et 55.2% étaient des femmes. Les scores TAP ajustés étaient de 2.20 pour l’autoévaluation et 2.36 pour l’évaluation par un professionnel (p=0.08). Une différence entre les scores est observée (p=0.01) chez les patients ≥85ans (n=11), ce qui pourrait être attribué à l’utilisation de la technologie selon notre analyse de contenu thématique. La taille d'échantillon relativement petite des proches (n=9) nous a empêchés d'effectuer des tests statistiques. Conclusion : Nos résultats démontrent que les patients âgés perçoivent l’autoévaluation à l’aide d’une tablette électronique au DU tout aussi acceptable qu’une évaluation par un professionnel.
Author: Thomas Tannou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 118
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La prise de décision est un processus complexe qui conduit à l'élaboration d'un choix. Ce processus mobilise de nombreuses fonctions cognitives. Or, en cas de survenue d'une maladie neurodégénérative type maladie d'Alzheimer ou apparentée, ces fonctions sont altérées. Pourtant, c'est à ce stade que se posent, du fait de l'impact fonctionnel des troubles, les décisions les plus complexes, comme celles associées au choix du lieu de vie. Dans certaines situations, il est nécessaire de recourir à une expertise de l'aptitude décisionnelle. Néanmoins, aujourd'hui, les moyens pour évaluer cette aptitude sont limités. L'usage de techniques de neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle peut alors être une aide à l'évaluation des capacités décisionnelles résiduelles.Notre travail de thèse repose donc d'abord sur une analyse de la littérature qui décrit les modifications fonctionnelles des processus de prise de décision au cours du vieillissement. Cette analyse est complétée d'un deuxième article qui, sous forme d'une méta-analyse, décrit les modifications structurelles connues en IRM fonctionnelle lors de prises de décisions risquées dans le vieillissement. A partir de ces données connues de la littérature, nous proposons, dans un 3e article, un protocole innovant visant à explorer le bénéfice de la neuro-imagerie par IRM fonctionnelle comme aide à l'évaluation de la capacité décisionnelle auprès de personnes âgées présentant un trouble neurocognitif. Enfin, dans un dernier article, nous présentons les premiers résultats, sous forme de preuve de concept.Au terme de notre travail de thèse, nous avons éclairé, par un protocole innovant, la complexité de l'évaluation de la capacité de prise de décision. Ce travail aura démontré l'intérêt potentiel de l'usage de l'IRM fonctionnelle comme un outil, en appui de l'évaluation de situations complexes. Néanmoins, de tels outils ne peuvent se substituer à l'évaluation globale, centrée sur le dialogue avec la personne âgée, pour accompagner un projet de vie.
Author: David HouŽto
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1291761152
Category : Reference
Languages : fr
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Le terme promotion de la santé en Afrique, près de 30 ans après l'adoption de la Charte d'Ottawa, continue d'avoir des connotations complètement hors du sens que lui confère cette charte. Cela n'est pas étonnant quand on sait que la notion de santé dans ce contexte africain équivaut à la lutte contre la maladie à travers les soins de santé dispensés par des professionnels de la santé dans des formations sanitaires et les hôpitaux. L'évolution que connait le continent depuis quelques décennies est de donner un peu plus de place à la communauté à travers les relais communautaires dans une participation communautaire vidée de son contenu, car le pouvoir n'est jamais passé entre les mains des communautés.C'est au vu de tout ceci que le présent ouvrage à sa raison d'être pour expliquer les fondements de l'autonomisation communautaire et de la promotion de la santé avec leur importance pour la région africaine en proie aux mauvais indicateurs de santé comparativement aux autres régions du monde.
Author: Alberto Pilotto
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319625039
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
This book offers an up-to-date review on the principles and practice of multidimensional assessment and management of the older individual, which represents the cornerstone of modern clinical practice in the elderly. The early chapters cover the main elements and scope of the comprehensive geriatric approach and explain the pathways of care from screening and case finding through to in-depth assessment and treatment planning. Subsequent chapters review the evidence of how best to apply the multidimensional assessment and management approach in defined healthcare settings and within specific clinical areas, such as cancer and surgery. Finally, the education and training challenges are reviewed and the prospects for future clinical service and research in this important field are examined. The book is very timely given the recent advances in application of this approach, which reflect the growing international realization that older people are “core business” in many clinical areas where the role of specialist geriatric medicine has hitherto been limited. Accordingly, the book will be relevant to a wide range of clinicians. The authorship comprises many of the best known and widely published experts in their respective fields.
Author: Roué, Marie
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
ISBN: 9231002104
Category : Biodiversitate
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Author: Andrea Maloney Schara
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780615928791
Category : Families
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.
Author: American Psychiatric Association
Publisher: American Psychiatric Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Statement of Intent. Introduction. Development Process. I. Summary of Recommendations. A. Coding System. B. General Considerations. II. Disease Definition, Epidemiology. and Natural History. A. Definition and Clinical Features. B. Associated Features. C. Differential Diagnosis. D. Prevalence and Course. E. Causes. F. Use of Formal Measures. III. Treatment Principles and Alternatives. A. Psychiatric Management. B. Environmental and Supportive Interventions. C. Somatic Interventions. IV. Formulation and Implimentation of a Treatment Plan. A. Psychiatric Management. B. Choice of Specific Environmental and Supportive Interventions. C. Choice of Somatic Intervention. D. Issues of Competency and Consent. V. Clinical Features Influencing Treatment. A. Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders. B. Comorbid General Medical Conditions. C. Advanced Age. VI. Reviewers and Reviewing Organizations. VII. References.
Author: Yasser Khazaal
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889454967
Category : Video games in education
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Recent years have seen important developments in the computer and game industry, including the emergence of the concept of serious games. It is hypothesized that tools such as games, virtual reality, or applications for smartphones may foster learning, enhance motivation, promote behavioral change, support psychotherapy, favor empowerment, and improve some cognitive functions. Computers and games may create supports for training or help people with cognitive, emotional, or behavioral change. Games take various formats, from board games to informatics to games with interactive rules of play. Similarly, computer tools may vary widely in format, from self-help or assisted computerized training to virtual reality or applications for smartphones. Some tools that may be helpful for mental health were specifically designed for that goal, whereas others were not. Gamification of computer-related products and games with a numeric format tend to reduce the gap between games and computers tools and increase the conceptual synergy in such fields. Games and computer design share an opportunity for creativity and innovation to help create, specifically design, and assess preventive or therapeutic tools. Computers and games share a design conception that allows innovative approaches to overcome barriers of the real world by creating their own rules. Yet, despite the potential interest in such tools to improve treatment of mental disorders and to help prevent them, the field remains understudied and information is under-disseminated in clinical practice. Some studies have shown, however, that there is potential interest and acceptability of tools that support various vehicles, rationales, objectives, and formats. These tools include traditional games (e.g., chess games), popular electronic games, board games, computer-based interventions specifically designed for psychotherapy or cognitive training, virtual reality, apps for smartphones, and so forth. Computers and games may offer a true opportunity to develop, assess, and disseminate new prevention and treatment tools for mental health and well-being. Currently, there is a strong need for state-of-the-art information to answer questions such as the following: Why develop such tools for mental health and well-being? What are the potential additions to traditional treatments? What are the best strategies or formats to improve the possible impact of these tools? Are such tools useful as a first treatment step? What is the potential of a hybrid model of care that combines traditional approaches with games and/or computers as tools? What games and applications have already been designed and studied? What is the evidence from previous studies? How can such tools be successfully designed for mental health and well-being? What is rewarding or attractive for patients in using such treatments? What are the worldwide developments in the field? Are some protocols under development? What are the barriers and challenges related to such developments? How can these tools be assessed, and how can the way that they work, and for whom, be measured? Are the potential benefits of such products specific, or can these additions be attributed to nonspecific factors? What are the users’ views on such tools? What are the possible links between such tools and social networks? Is there a gap between evidence-based results and market development? Are there any quality challenges? What future developments and studies are needed in the field?
