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Author: Margaret Coppernoll
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Development and employment of non- lethal weapons and their associated technologies require legal and ethical review prior to the procurement and acquisition process. Non-lethal technologies apply to the entire spectrum of conflict in the post Cold-War environments, including Military Operations Other Than War. However, the use of these non-traditional methods must still adhere to the same principles which have historically guided the conduct of our armed forces, namely, humanitarian law, customary international law, and the Law of Armed Conflict. The unconventional technologies associated with non-lethal weapons make them sensitive to the provisions of more recent treaties and conventions, including the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions and the four Protocols of the Certain Conventional Weapons Convention and the appended 1995 Supplement. In addition, other treaties such as the Nairobi International Telecommunications Convention and the Montreal Protocol on the Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer may impact the use of certain non-lethal weapons technologies.
Author: Margaret Coppernoll
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Development and employment of non- lethal weapons and their associated technologies require legal and ethical review prior to the procurement and acquisition process. Non-lethal technologies apply to the entire spectrum of conflict in the post Cold-War environments, including Military Operations Other Than War. However, the use of these non-traditional methods must still adhere to the same principles which have historically guided the conduct of our armed forces, namely, humanitarian law, customary international law, and the Law of Armed Conflict. The unconventional technologies associated with non-lethal weapons make them sensitive to the provisions of more recent treaties and conventions, including the Chemical and Biological Weapons Conventions and the four Protocols of the Certain Conventional Weapons Convention and the appended 1995 Supplement. In addition, other treaties such as the Nairobi International Telecommunications Convention and the Montreal Protocol on the Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer may impact the use of certain non-lethal weapons technologies.
Author: Nick Lewer
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135317453
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
These essays explore the increase in interest in non-lethal weapons. Such devices have meant that many armed forces and law enforcement agencies are able to act against undesirables without being accused of acting in an inhumane way. Topics for discussion in this volume include: an overview of the future of non-lethal weapons; emerging non-lethal technologies; military and police operational deployment of non-lethal weapons; a scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of non-lethal weapons; changes in international law needed to take into account non-lethal technologies; developments in genomics leading to new chemical incapacitants; implications for arms control and proliferation; the role of non-lethal weapons in human rights abuses; conceptual, theoretical and analytical perspectives on the nature of non-lethal weapons development.
Author: Geert-Jan Knoops
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9047431200
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Confronted with the practical legal aspects of Peace Support Operations (PSO) in their daily work, the two authors realized that there was an urgent need for the international community of military and civilian lawyers, law enforcement agencies, policy makers, legal advisers and military commanders dealing with these types of missions to have a guidebook analyzing, questioning and providing some solutions to the practical legal aspects intrinsic in them and which are often known only to those who have been serving in the field. It was therefore decided to create a tool to record and diffuse the know-how acquired by those who have been directly confronted with these issues, in the field and at headquarters. Among the cutting-edge topics practitioners explore in Peace Support Operations & Their Legal Implications are human trafficking and illegal immigration in theatres of PSO such as the Balkans, arrest and detention of suspects of serious breaches of the laws of war, the relationship and role sharing of civilian law enforcement agencies and peacekeepers, the use of non-lethal and other weapons (e.g. riot control agents), criminal liability for breaches of international law and Rules Of Engagement. Contributions of a more strategic nature deal further with the complexities of Status of Forces Agreements and Memoranda of Understanding, the extraterritorial applicability of human rights obligations, the application of the law of occupation to peacekeeping forces, their new role and the relative problems in peace-building. The main objective of this guidebook is to provide the basis for further discussion, suggesting what should be done next, and to constitute a problem-solving tool for those deployed in the field, often secluded from the external world and confronted with difficulties to be solved immediately, under the pressure of time. The idea is to show them the path undertaken by others who have been confronted with similar problems and to share the knowledge and fight the power. Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.
Author: Michael L. Gross
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521866154
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
A practical guide for policy makers, military officers, students, and anyone else interested in asymmetric conflicts.
Author: U. S. Military
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781520787503
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
It includes a reproduction of important documents from the Department of Justice and U.S. Military about less-lethal and non-lethal weapons and equipment for military and civilian usage, including a DOD Review of Nonlethal Weapons, A Research Guide for Civil Law Enforcement and Corrections, A Primer on the Employment of Non-Lethal Weapons from the Navy, and an Air Force paper on the Potential Strategic Blessing and Curses of Non-Lethal Weapons on the Battlefield. Under its Less-Lethal Technologies Program, established in 1986, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) the research, development, and evaluation arm of the U.S. Department of Justice provides funds to identify, develop, and evaluate new or improved devices and other technology that will minimize the risk of death and injury to law enforcement officers, suspects, prisoners, and the general public. Many Federal, State, and local civil law enforcement and corrections agencies use less-lethal weapons and equipment to help minimize the loss of life and property. These devices are used to quell prison riots, suppress mobs, and subdue hostile individuals. NIJ has prepared this equipment review to inform Federal, State, and local agencies about the Department of Defense (DoD) Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program and the less-lethal weapons and equipment used by civil law enforcement agencies. This review does not address issues surrounding DoD s Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program or issues related to nonlethal weapons research and development programs. DoD has deployed less-lethal technology under its Joint Nonlethal Weapons Program since 1995, when civil agencies provided less-lethal weapons and equipment, technical assistance, and training to support the U.S. military s redeployment to Somalia. The technology enables U.S. forces to reduce unintended casualties and infrastructure damage during complex missions; discourage, delay, or prevent hostile action; limit escalation where lethal force is not the preferred option; protect U.S. forces; and temporarily disable equipment and facilities. Currently used DoD and U.S. Coast Guard nonlethal weapons and equipment are described in sections II and III. Section IV includes representative descriptions of less-lethal devices used by the Chicago Police Department, Los Angeles County Sheriff s Department, Metropolitan Police Department of Washington, D.C., Philadelphia Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team, Seattle SWAT team, and U.S. Marshals Service. The product descriptions include photographs and information about manufacturers, costs, the services or law enforcement agencies that use each product, and each item s operational capability or use. Agencies that lack adequate research and development funding for less-lethal weapons and equipment often rely on private manufacturers to meet this need. A review of this equipment is provided for the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, USAF, Special Operations Command, and Coast Guard. Some of the weapons covered include: Nonballistic Face Shield; Body Shield; Riot Shinguards; Ballistic Face Shield; Ballistic Body Shield With Light Kit; Riot Shinguards.; Expandable Baton; Wooden Baton; Portable Bullhorn; Ground-Mounted Bullhorn; Individual Voice Amplification System (M7); High-Intensity Light; Disposable Restraint System; Individual Riot Control Agent Dispenser/Carry Pouch; Inert Individual Riot Control Agent Dispenser; High-Capacity Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Dispenser; Squad Riot Control Agent Dispenser; Refill Unit Riot Control Agent; 12-Gauge Shotgun With High-Intensity Light Kit; Gauge Gunstock Carrier (6 Round); 12-Gauge Launching Cup; 12-Gauge Utility Pouch (25 Round); 40 mm Carry Pouch; Diversionary/Rubber Ball Grenade Pouch; Caltrops; Roadside Spike Strip; Riot Training Suit With Accessories; Riot Training Bag.
Author: Geoffrey S. Corn
Publisher: Aspen Publishing
ISBN: 1543813461
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 654
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Book Description
This unique new concise treatise provides a highly accessible but also comprehensive and timely supplement for students studying National Security Law. Written by a team of experts in the field, this treatise serves as a useful supplement for the substantively rich but often overwhelming National Security Law texts currently on the market. Key Features Comprehensive overview of both the general legal framework for national security decision-making and commonly explored specific national security topics.Narrative explanation of complex jurisprudential, statutory, treaty, and regulatory sources of national security law.Complements a range of the most commonly addressed national security topics.
Author: David A. Koplow
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780511225734
Category : Nonlethal weapons
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Too often, military and law enforcement authorities have found themselves constrained by inadequate weaponry. An emerging category of 'non-lethal weapons' carries promise for resolving this dilemma, proffering new capabilities for disabling opponents without inflicting death or permanent injury. This array of much more sophisticated technologies is being developed, and could emerge for use by soldiers and police in the near future. These augmented capabilities carry both immense promise and grave risks: they expand the power of law enforcement and military units, enabling them to accomplish assigned missions with greater finesse and reduced casualties. But, they may also be misused - increasing maligned applications and inspiring leaders to over-rely upon a myth of 'bloodless combat'. This book explores the emerging world of non-lethal weapons by examining a series of case studies - recent real-world scenarios from five confrontations around the world where the availability of a modern arsenal might have made a difference.
Author: Braden R. Allenby
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135189482X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 740
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Book Description
The essays in this volume illustrate the difficult real world ethical questions and issues arising from accelerating technological change in the military and security domains, and place those challenges in the context of rapidly shifting geopolitical and strategic frameworks. Specific technologies such as autonomous robotic systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, cybersecurity and cyberconflict, and biotechnology are highlighted, but the essays are chosen so that the broader implications of fundamental systemic change are identified and addressed. Additionally, an important consideration with many of these technologies is that even if they are initially designed and intended for military or security applications, they inevitably spread to civil society, where their application may raise very different ethical questions around such core values as privacy, security from criminal behaviour, and state police power. Accordingly, this volume is of interest to students of military or security domains, as well as to those interested in technology and society, and the philosophy of technology.
Author: Mannan Bukhari
Publisher: Partridge Publishing
ISBN: 1482850060
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
Kashmir - Scars of Pellet Gun, compiled and written by Mannan Bukhari, is about the horror caused by the use of Pellet Gun in Kashmir. After the worldwide acrimony over the high number of fatalities during protests in 2008, 2009, and 2010, pellet gun was introduced in Kashmir as a nonlethal alternative to bullets. But though the government introduced it as a nonlethal alternative to minimize the damage to life, however, it failed to produce the desired results and proved deadly at many times, leading to deaths and fatal injuries. This new weapon not only killed people but affected the physical as well as the psychological persona of the victims in such a manner so as to make them and their families suffer for the whole life. This volume deals with the pain and pangs of the victims and its overall impact on their families and the society in general. The significance of this book Kashmir Scars of Pellet Gun, lies in collection and collating of data acquired through RTI, medical practitioners experiences and observations on pellet caused injuries and fatalities, stories of some of the survivors, accounts of family members and others that recalls real life happenings as they unfold and their aftermath.
Author: Jai Galliott
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0197546048
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
"Because of the increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, also commonly known as drones) in various military and para-military (i.e., CIA) settings, there has been increasing debate in the international community as to whether it is morally and ethically permissible to allow robots (flying or otherwise) the ability to decide when and where to take human life. In addition, there has been intense debate as to the legal aspects, particularly from a humanitarian law framework. In response to this growing international debate, the United States government released the Department of Defense (DoD) 3000.09 Directive (2011), which sets a policy for if and when autonomous weapons would be used in US military and para-military engagements. This US policy asserts that only "human-supervised autonomous weapon systems may be used to select and engage targets, with the exception of selecting humans as targets, for local defense ...". This statement implies that outside of defensive applications, autonomous weapons will not be allowed to independently select and then fire upon targets without explicit approval from a human supervising the autonomous weapon system. Such a control architecture is known as human supervisory control, where a human remotely supervises an automated system (Sheridan 1992). The defense caveat in this policy is needed because the United States currently uses highly automated systems for defensive purposes, e.g., Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar (C-RAM) systems and Patriot anti-missile missiles. Due to the time-critical nature of such environments (e.g., soldiers sleeping in barracks within easy reach of insurgent shoulder-launched missiles), these automated defensive systems cannot rely upon a human supervisor for permission because of the short engagement times and the inherent human neuromuscular lag which means that even if a person is paying attention, there is approximately a half-second delay in hitting a firing button, which can mean the difference for life and death for the soldiers in the barracks. So as of now, no US UAV (or any robot) will be able to launch any kind of weapon in an offensive environment without human direction and approval. However, the 3000.09 Directive does contain a clause that allows for this possibility in the future. This caveat states that the development of a weapon system that independently decides to launch a weapon is possible but first must be approved by the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD(P)); the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (USD(AT&L)); and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Not all stakeholders are happy with this policy that leaves the door open for what used to be considered science fiction. Many opponents of such uses of technologies call for either an outright ban on autonomous weaponized systems, or in some cases, autonomous systems in general (Human Rights Watch 2013, Future of Life Institute 2015, Chairperson of the Informal Meeting of Experts 2016). Such groups take the position that weapons systems should always be under "meaningful human control," but do not give a precise definition of what this means. One issue in this debate that often is overlooked is that autonomy is not a discrete state, rather it is a continuum, and various weapons with different levels of autonomy have been in the US inventory for some time. Because of these ambiguities, it is often hard to draw the line between automated and autonomous systems. Present-day UAVs use the very same guidance, navigation and control technology flown on commercial aircraft. Tomahawk missiles, which have been in the US inventory for more than 30 years, are highly automated weapons with accuracies of less than a meter. These offensive missiles can navigate by themselves with no GPS, thus exhibiting some autonomy by today's definitions. Global Hawk UAVs can find their way home and land on their own without any human intervention in the case of a communication failure. The growth of the civilian UAV market is also a critical consideration in the debate as to whether these technologies should be banned outright. There is a $144.38B industry emerging for the commercial use of drones in agricultural settings, cargo delivery, first response, commercial photography, and the entertainment industry (Adroit Market Research 2019) More than $100 billion has been spent on driverless car development (Eisenstein 2018) in the past 10 years and the autonomy used in driverless cars mirrors that inside autonomous weapons. So, it is an important distinction that UAVs are simply the platform for weapon delivery (autonomous or conventional), and that autonomous systems have many peaceful and commercial uses independent of military applications"--
