Leaf Water Storage Increases with Salinity and Aridity in the Mangrove Avicennia Marina: Integration of Leaf Structure, Osmotic Adjustment and Access to Multiple Water Sources PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323914748
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Advances in Botanical Research, Volume 103 provides a timely and comprehensive update on the current knowledge of stomata development and operation in salt-grown plants. The range of topics covered includes evolution of stomata for adaptation to saline conditions, comparative analysis of proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of stomata guard cells between halophytes and glycophyte species and their reprogramming under salt stress, the molecular nature of the signals that control stomata aperture and their integration at the cellular and whole-plant level, and ecophysiological aspects of stomata operation in crop and halophytes species. Written by leading international experts in the field Provides a comprehensive update on several hot topics in one volume Integrates information at various levels of plant functional organization, from molecular to whole-plant level
Author: Hoa Thi Nguyen
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Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Physiological and anatomical analyses were used to identify processes underlying growth responses of the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina subsp. australasica, to salinities ranging from fresh to seawater conditions. Avicennia marina was revealed as an obligate halophyte, as seedlings failed to grow in 0 to 5% seawater, whereas maximal growth occurred in 50 to 75% seawater. Relative growth rates were affected by changes in leaf area ratios (LAR) and net assimilation rates (NAR) along the salinity gradient, with NAR generally being more important. Gas exchange characteristics followed the same trends as plant growth. However, water use efficiency was maintained nearly constant across all salinities, consistent with carbon isotopic signatures. Development and composition of hydraulic tissues were consistent with salinity-dependent patterns in water use and growth, and revealed a structural explanation for low stomatal conductance and growth in low salinity. As carbon cannot be gained without water loss, experiments were designed to explore roles of leaf anatomy in leaf water relations. A three-domain pressure - volume relationship (PV curve) was studied in relation to leaf anatomical structure during dehydration in Avicennia marina. In domain 1, relative water content (RWC) declined 13% with 0.85 MPa decrease in leaf water potential, reflecting a decrease in extracellular water stored primarily in trichomes and petiolar cisternae. In domain 2, RWC decreased by another 12% with further reduction in leaf water potential to -5.1 MPa, the turgor loss point. Given the osmotic potential at full turgor (-4.2 MPa) and the effective modulus of elasticity (40 MPa), domain 2 emphasized the role of cell wall elasticity in conserving cellular hydration during leaf water loss. Domain 3 was dominated by osmotic effects and characterized by plasmolysis in most tissues and cell types without cell wall collapse. Extracellular and cellular water storage could support an evaporation rate of 1 mmol m-2s-1 for up to 54 and 50 min, respectively, before turgor loss was reached. These results identified extracellular water storage sites that enable transient water use without substantive turgor loss when other factors, such as high soil salinity, constrain rates of water transport. Coordination between leaf anatomy and water relations was studied in a temperate population of A. marina subsp. australasica in response to growth along a natural salinity gradient and compared with two subspecies that grew naturally in similar soil salinities to those of subsp. australasica but under different climatic conditions: subsp. eucalyptifolia (salinity 30 ppt, wet tropics) and subsp. marina (salinity 46 ppt, arid tropics). The turgor loss point declined with increase in soil salinity, driven primarily by the osmotic potentials at full turgor as cell wall elasticity was insensitive to growth salinity. Leaf water storage capacitance was similar across subspecies, but leaf water storage increased with increase in salinity and evaporative demand. However, achieving full hydration or full turgor of leaves required sources of water other than the roots. Thus, integration of leaf anatomy and water relations is central to understanding adaptive responses of Avicennia marina to complex gradients in salinity and aridity.
Author: Sudhir Chandra Das
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811905193
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 604
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Book Description
This contributory volume is a comprehensive collection on the mangrove forest eco-system and its ecology, the resources and potentials of mangroves, conservation efforts, mangrove eco-system services and threats to conservation. The book is an all-inclusive compilation on the status, conservation and future of mangroves. Mangroves are a unique ecosystem providing several ecosystem services. They are formed in the inter-tidal areas of large rivers and coastal islands. Mangroves thrives due to constant interaction with the terrestrial and marine ecosystem. These are the species dynamics, varying tidal amplitudes, plant succession, changing floral pattern of the channels of the estuary, the varying sediment transportation. There was 20% decline in mangrove forest area in the last 25 years due mainly to conversion and coastal development. Lengthy recovery periods required for the degraded mangrove forests. Hence there is an urgent need to take stock of the updated information on these mangroves at global level. It is of immense value to scientific community involved in teaching, research and extension activities related to mangrove conservation.
Author: Najeeb M.A. Rasul
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 104004803X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Oceanographic and Marine Environmental Studies around the Arabian Peninsula presents studies on a range of topics related to the marine environment of the Red Sea and Arabian (Persian) Gulf. This book contains invited and peer-reviewed chapters from diverse researchers active in their respective fields. The chapters offer new data and include a comprehensive lists of references. Some of the main topics included in the book are pollution from heavy metals and petroleum, hydro-environmental characteristics of the seas, conservation of marine ecosystems, risk of climate change on the Red Sea region, and the mangrove environment. With new developments occurring in the coastal regions in recent decades, the book will be not only a helpful resource to researchers but also be a valuable reference for anyone curious about managing the marine and littoral environment of these two unique seas.
Author: Isabel Allona
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889631788
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
This Research Topic addresses research in genomics and biotechnology to improve the growth and quality of forest trees for wood, pulp, biorefineries and carbon capture. Forests are the world’s greatest repository of terrestrial biomass and biodiversity. Forests serve critical ecological services, supporting the preservation of fauna and flora, and water resources. Planted forests also offer a renewable source of timber, for pulp and paper production, and the biorefinery. Despite their fundamental role for society, thousands of hectares of forests are lost annually due to deforestation, pests, pathogens and urban development. As a consequence, there is an increasing need to develop trees that are more productive under lower inputs, while understanding how they adapt to the environment and respond to biotic and abiotic stress. Forest genomics and biotechnology, disciplines that study the genetic composition of trees and the methods required to modify them, began over a quarter of a century ago with the development of the first genetic maps and establishment of early methods of genetic transformation. Since then, genomics and biotechnology have impacted all research areas of forestry. Genome analyses of tree populations have uncovered genes involved in adaptation and response to biotic and abiotic stress. Genes that regulate growth and development have been identified, and in many cases their mechanisms of action have been described. Genetic transformation is now widely used to understand the roles of genes and to develop germplasm that is more suitable for commercial tree plantations. However, in contrast to many annual crops that have benefited from centuries of domestication and extensive genomic and biotechnology research, in forestry the field is still in its infancy. Thus, tremendous opportunities remain unexplored. This Research Topic aims to briefly summarize recent findings, to discuss long-term goals and to think ahead about future developments and how this can be applied to improve growth and quality of forest trees.
Author: Marius-Nicusor Grigore
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783030576349
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Highlights the potential of biosaline agriculture in a changing environment Covers all important topics related to halophyte biology including biochemistry, genetics and genomics Provides information on potential use of halophytes Each topic is explained in detail and examined from various angles More than 100 contributions by international experts
Author: Graeme P. Berlyn
Publisher: Iowa State Press
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Author: Daniel Alongi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 140204271X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 221
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Book Description
Despite their importance in sustaining livelihoods for many people living along some of the world’s most populous coastlines, tropical mangrove forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. Occupying a crucial place between land and sea, these tidal ecosystems provide a valuable ecological and economic resource as important nursery grounds and breeding sites for many organisms, and as a renewable source of wood and traditional foods and medicines. Perhaps most importantly, they are accumulation sites for sediment, contaminants, carbon and nutrients, and offer significant protection against coastal erosion. This book presents a functional overview of mangrove forest ecosystems; how they live and grow at the edge of tropical seas, how they play a critical role along most of the world’s tropical coasts, and how their future might look in a world affected by climate change. Such a process-oriented approach is necessary in order to further understand the role of these dynamic forests in ecosystem function, and as a first step towards developing adequate strategies for their conservation and sustainable use and management. The book will provide a valuable resource for researchers in mangrove ecology as well as reference for resource managers.
Author: Marius-Nicușor Grigore
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319664808
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
This book describes important anatomical adaptations in halophytes, based on a large review of relevant literature (since the 17th century) and recent research findings. Scientists involved in the study of plant biology, from a molecular to ecosystemic level, will find information about all major structural strategies of salt tolerant plants. The book starts with an introductory theoretical background, where several aspects related to the definition and classification of halophytes and saline environments are included. Major anatomical adaptations are then grouped around major concepts: succulence, tracheoidioblasts, salt secretion, Kranz anatomy, successive cambia, and bulliform cells. Each of them is treated following a general scheme: introductory considerations, anatomical basis, and ecological implications; a review of relevant literature is then conducted and the text is supported by a large number of figures, especially ink drawings and color micrographs.
