Laser Spectroscopy of Jet-cooled Organic Molecules and Van Der Waals Clusters PDF Download
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Author: James Walter Hager
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Author: James Walter Hager
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Author: Erko Jalviste
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Laser spectroscopy
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Author: Klaus D. Sattler
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420075551
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 912
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The field of nanoscience was pioneered in the 1980s with the groundbreaking research on clusters, which later led to the discovery of fullerenes. Handbook of Nanophysics: Clusters and Fullerenes focuses on the fundamental physics of these nanoscale materials and structures. Each peer-reviewed chapter contains a broad-based introduction and enhances
Author: J. Laane
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401120749
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 640
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From the beginnings of modern chemistry, molecular structure has been a lively area of research and speculation. For more than half a century spectroscopy and other methods have been available to characterize the structures and shapes of molecules, particularly those that are rigid. However, most molecules are at least to some degree non-rigid and this non-rigidity plays an important role in such diverse areas as biological activity, energy transfer, and chemical reactivity. In addition, the large-amplitude vibrations present in non-rigid molecules give rise to unusual low-energy vibrational level patterns which have a dramatic effect on the thermodynamic properties of these systems. Only in recent years has a coherent picture of the energetics and dynamics of the conformational changes inherent in non-rigid (and semi-rigid) molecules begun to emerge. Advances have been made in a number of different experimental areas: vibrational (infrared and Raman) spectroscopy, rotational (microwave) spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and, most recently, laser techniques probing both the ground and excited electronic states. Theoretically, the proliferation of powerful computers coupled with scientific insight has allowed both empirical and ab initio methods to increase our understanding of the forces responsible for the structures and energies of non-rigid systems. The development of theory (group theoretical methods and potential energy surfaces) to understand the unique characteristics of the spectra of these floppy molecules has also been necessary to reach our present level of understanding. The thirty chapters in this volume contributed by the key speakers at the Workshop are divided over the various areas. Both vibrational and rotational spectroscopy have been effective at determining the potential energy surfaces for non-rigid molecules, often in a complementary manner. Recent laser fluorescence work has extended these types of studies to electronic excited states. Electronic diffraction methods provide radial distribution functions from which both molecular structures and compositions of conformational mixtures can be found. Ab initio calculations have progressed substantially over the past few years, and, when carried out at a sufficiently high level, can accurately reproduce (or predict ahead of time) experimental findings. Much of the controversy of the ARW related to the question of when an ab initio is reliable. Since the computer programs are readily available, many poor calculations have been carried out. However, excellent results can be obtained from computations when properly done. A similar situation exists for experimental analyses. The complexities of non-rigid molecules are many, but major strides have been taken to understand their structures and conformational processes.
Author: Ryan Patrick McLaughlin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Author: Anouk M. Rijs
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319192043
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 409
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Book Description
The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students.
Author: Brian J. Bozlee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Laser spectroscopy
Languages : en
Pages : 444
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A variety of laser spectroscopic methods are employed in this thesis research for studies of CF3NO, an interesting model photodissociative system, and for investigation of low energy rotations and vibrations of small molecules and low molecular weight clusters in free jet expansions. Nonradiative energy decay for electronically excited CF3NO is investigated in an argon matrix. By comparing the visible absorption spectrum with pulsed laser photoacoustic and fluorescence excitation spectra it is argued that all nonradiative decay processes are fast, thus eliminating the likelihood of transient separation of CF3 and NO photofragments in the matrix cage or appreciable decay through a low lying triplet state. No evidence is found for a "channel two" decay mechanism in the matrix in contrast to gas phase work of others. Upper state vibrational relaxation is seen to be exceedingly fast by consideration of fluorescence spectra, and the fluorescence quantum yield is estimated to be 0.015 from measured emission lifetimes. The photochemistry of CF3NO is investigated in gas phase studies using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) to probe the nascent rotational populations of both the CF3 and NO photofragments. The frequency of the v1 fundamental, which has not been observed previously by any Raman technique, is established with more certainty than in the past. The experimental spectra are modeled adequately by calculations assuming a completely statistical distribution of rotational energies for both fragments. Upper state B and C constants are estimated for the CF3 species. Studies are also reported on the applicablility of photoacoustic Raman spectoscopy (PARS) and CARS to investigations of low frequency modes of simple molecules. The development of these methods for use in our labs in the low shift regime is discussed in some detail and the two techniques are compared and constrasted. CARS is employed to observe pure rotational transitions of molecules cooled in free jet expansions and to study the low frequency vibrations of small van der Waals clusters of jet cooled CO2.
Author: Barry A. Swartz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 848
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Author: Shao-Hui Tseng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas detectors
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
