Laboratory Evaluation and Digital Image Processing Techniques in Determining Moisture Susceptibility of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures PDF Download
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Author: Babatunde Joseph Onase
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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About 90% of all roads and highways in the United States (U.S.) are built with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Due to growing demand, a shortage of aggregate, and a lack of binder supplies, Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has emerged as a critical component in HMA. RAP is used in asphalt pavement for various reasons, but the two most crucial reasons are economic savings and environmental advantages. Moisture damage, which is also called moisture susceptibility or moisture sensitivity, can be caused by the amount, quality, and type of materials in the asphalt mixture, as well as by environmental factors, construction details, and pavement design elements. Moisture damage causes the stripping of asphalt binder from the surface of the aggregate. Stripping impairs pavement performance and frequently leads to unanticipated increases in maintenance budgets. Several laboratory procedures have been developed to measure the moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures, some of which rely on subjective visual evaluation. Setting a pass/fail standard for these subjective tests can be challenging. This study first compares laboratory test results for HMA mixtures with varying amounts of RAP content using the Indirect Tensile Strength test (AASHTO T 283), Boil Test (ASTM D3625), and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (AASHTO T 324). Subsequently, digital image analysis using Python programming language and colorimeter readings were taken on laboratory test specimens to quantify the amount of stripping. Mixtures with higher amounts of RAP were found to be more moisture susceptible. Strong correlations were found between the image analysis test results, colorimeter readings, and laboratory test results.
Author: Babatunde Joseph Onase
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
About 90% of all roads and highways in the United States (U.S.) are built with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Due to growing demand, a shortage of aggregate, and a lack of binder supplies, Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) has emerged as a critical component in HMA. RAP is used in asphalt pavement for various reasons, but the two most crucial reasons are economic savings and environmental advantages. Moisture damage, which is also called moisture susceptibility or moisture sensitivity, can be caused by the amount, quality, and type of materials in the asphalt mixture, as well as by environmental factors, construction details, and pavement design elements. Moisture damage causes the stripping of asphalt binder from the surface of the aggregate. Stripping impairs pavement performance and frequently leads to unanticipated increases in maintenance budgets. Several laboratory procedures have been developed to measure the moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures, some of which rely on subjective visual evaluation. Setting a pass/fail standard for these subjective tests can be challenging. This study first compares laboratory test results for HMA mixtures with varying amounts of RAP content using the Indirect Tensile Strength test (AASHTO T 283), Boil Test (ASTM D3625), and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (AASHTO T 324). Subsequently, digital image analysis using Python programming language and colorimeter readings were taken on laboratory test specimens to quantify the amount of stripping. Mixtures with higher amounts of RAP were found to be more moisture susceptible. Strong correlations were found between the image analysis test results, colorimeter readings, and laboratory test results.
Author: Abhilash Kusam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Author: Maria Lorena Garcia Cucalon
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Economic, environmental and engineering benefits promote the rapid implementation of WMA technologies. However, concerns remain based on changes in the production process that may lead to moisture susceptibility in the early life as compared to HMA. To evaluate WMA moisture susceptibility during this critical period, standard laboratory tests were used for three field projects each with an HMA control mixtures and multiple WMA mixtures. Different specimen types were also evaluated to capture differences in mix design, quality control/quality assurance, and field performance. Specimens were evaluated for moisture susceptibility by Indirect Tensile (IDT) Strength, Resilient Modulus (MR) and Hamburg Wheel-Track Testing (HWTT). Specimens for IDT and MR were tested dry and then tested wet after conditioning as described in AASHTO T283 with one freeze-thaw cycle. HWTT was used to assess both moisture susceptibility and rutting potential under repeated loads in the presence of water at elevated temperatures (i.e., 122°F [50°C]), and the output parameters used for evaluation were the calculated Stripping Inflection Point (SIP) and the rut depth at 5000 load cycles. Based on the results of the laboratory tests performed on PMFC cores acquired at construction and with time, WMA during its early life exhibited inferior moisture resistance when compared to HMA. However, with time, specifically after one summer, the dry and wet properties of WMA became equivalent to those of HMA. For WMA constructed in the fall, the results from this study suggest that the inclusion of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) or an anti-stripping agent may alleviate possible moisture susceptibility issues in the early life during wet, winter weather conditions. While some laboratory test results demonstrated that WMA is more moisture susceptible than HMA, field performance reported to date from the three projects used in this study shows no evidence of moisture damage. Therefore the search for a laboratory test to screen mixtures for moisture susceptibility continues. An alternative approach, applying Griffith crack growth theory and utilizing IDT, MR and air voids% the adhesive bond energy of asphalt mixtures was calculated for Texas field project. This value holds promise for characterizing performance of asphalt mixtures by considering basic properties and grouping into one representative value. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149392
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Author: Jaejun Lee
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ISBN:
Category : Moisture conditioning
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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A pothole is one of the distresses in asphalt pavement caused by the presence of water in the asphalt pavement and the presence of traffic passing over the affected area. Recently, lots of potholes were observed due to heavy rain in Korea. Thus, the indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) is commonly used based on the AASHTO T 283 procedure to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of an asphalt mixture; however, TSR cannot be used as a representative index for the mechanical behavior of the moisture-conditioned asphalt mixture. In this study, the dynamic modulus |E*| laboratory test is applied as a replacement test for the TSR in order to assess the moisture susceptibility of four different asphalt mixtures. The dynamic modulus test is used to determine the % of retained stiffness, a term that was referred to as the dynamic modulus ratio (DMR). The results of both TSR and DMR conducted on the same mixtures are compared and statistically analyzed. The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between TSR and DMR. The correlation between TSR and DMR at 20°C is significant. However, there was no relation between TSR and DMR at other temperature ranges (5°C, 40°C, 54.4°C) because there was different viscoelastic behavior at different temperature.
Author: Emily Dawn Shrum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Warm mix asphalt (WMA) has been used worldwide for many years, primarily in Europe. The National Asphalt Pavement Association first brought WMA to the United States in 2002. By using warm mix technology, the temperature of an asphalt mixture during production, transportation, and compaction decreases dramatically. Several concerns about WMA arise due to the reduced mixing temperature. One of the primary concerns in asphalt pavement is the moisture damage. The lower mixing temperature may not be high enough to vaporize all the moisture absorbed in the aggregate, and part of the moisture may be entrapped in the pavements during compaction. This thesis presents a laboratory study to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of warm mix asphalt (WMA) produced through plant foaming procedure. Two types of mixtures were evaluated. A base mixture meeting the state of Tennessee "BM-2" mix criteria was evaluated at 0, 30, 40, and 50 percent fractionated recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), and a surface mixture meeting the state of Tennessee "411-D" mix criteria was evaluated at 15, 20, 30, 40 percent fractionated RAP. WMA mixture specimens were obtained and compacted at the asphalt plant. The WMA specimens were compared to hot-mix asphalt (HMA) specimens through a set of laboratory mixture performance tests. In addition to traditional AASHTO T283 freeze and thaw (F-T) tensile strength ratio (TSR), Superpave indirect tensile test (IDT) with F-T and MIST conditioning, and Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) Hamburg wheel tracking tests were utilized to evaluate asphalt mixtures. Moisture tests indicated that with the higher inclusions of RAP, specimens exhibited lower rut depths and higher tensile strength retention. Tensile strength ratio tests indicated that HMA specimens had higher tensile strength retention when freeze thaw conditioned. Dynamic modulus conditioned specimens indicated that simple performance tests can show the difference between conditioned and unconditioned specimens. HMA specimens showed lower susceptibility to moisture compared to WMA specimens for both BM-2 and 411-D mixtures. The higher percentages of RAP in WMA and HMA in both BM-2 and 411-D mixtures showed a reduction to moisture susceptibility.
Author: Erdem Coleri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Asphalt
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures can cause early cracking and rutting failures due to the internal damage accumulated by the high internal pore pressures created at the aggregate-binder interface and/or within the binder phase by heavy traffic loads. Due to the high precipitation levels and frequent rain events, distresses originating from moisture damage are commonly observed on roadways in Oregon. ODOT has been mostly using hydrated lime to combat distresses related to moisture damage at the mixture level, while the effectiveness of new chemical anti-strips and warm-mix technologies has also started to be investigated. However, a reliable moisture conditioning method and moisture susceptibility test need to be developed and implemented for Oregon to determine the possible long-term impact of several new additive technologies on pavement longevity. Roadway geometry, asphalt layer density, construction of proper superelevation on the roadway for effective water removal, and functioning drainage facilities can be considered to be the other important factors that control moisture-related failures on roadways. Based on the comprehensive literature review and the results of the laboratory investigations, this study recommends the use of a colorimeter in conjunction with the current AASHTO T 283 (2014) method to determine the adhesion and cohesion-related moisture susceptibility. According to the laboratory test results, vacuum saturation is able to create significant moisture damage in the asphalt microstructure, and no other conditioning method needs to be adapted to replace the vacuum saturation method. Developed tools and test procedures are expected to help ODOT identify the benefits of recent additive technologies that are being developed to combat moisture damage of asphalt mixtures.
Author: Jason Bausano
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ISBN:
Category : Pavements, Asphalt
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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It has been extensively documented since the late 1970's that moisture damage occurs in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. A variety of test methods are available that test an HMA's ability to resist moisture sensitivity. There are also some test methods that look at an asphalt binder's moisture susceptibility. The current test method for detecting moisture sensitivity in HMA is American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) T283: Resistance of Compacted Bituminous Mixture to Moisture-Induced Damage. Inclusion of this test method in Superpave did not consider the change in specimen size from 100mm to 150mm nor difference in compaction method. The procedures in AASHTO T283 consider the loss of strength due to freeze/thaw cycling and the effects of moisture existing in specimens compared to unconditional specimens. However, mixtures do not experience such a pure phenomenon. Pavements undergo cycling of environmental conditions, but when moisture is present, there is repeated hydraulic loading with the development of pore pressure in mixtures. Thus, AASHTO T283 does not consider the effect of pore pressure, but rather considers a single load effect on environmentally conditioned specimens. This report develops moisture susceptibility procedures which would utilize repeated loading test devices (dynamic modulus or asphalt pavement analyzer) of specimens in saturated conditions and be compared to unconditioned specimens in a dry test environment. In addition to HMA mixture testing, a modified dynamic shear rheometer will be used to determine if an asphalt binder or mastic is moisture susceptible. Moisture susceptible criteria was developed using the dynamic complex modulus, asphalt pavement analyzer, and dynamic shear rheometer. Evaluation of AASHTO T283 for 150mm Superpave Gyrtaory compacted specimens is also detailed in this report along with a new criterion.
Author: Jong-Sub Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Author: Haritha Malladi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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