Labor Market Participation, Returns to Education, and Male-female Wage Differences in Peru PDF Download
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Author: Shahidur R. Khandker
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Diskrimination-arbejdsmarked
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Author: Shahidur R. Khandker
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Diskrimination-arbejdsmarked
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Author: Elizabeth M. King
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
This study examined how education and postschool vocational training affect the type and extent of labor market participation of women in Peru. It also estimated monetary returns to different levels of schooling, to formal general and technical schooling, and to training. The sample, which comprised more than 5,600 women in urban and rural Peru, was drawn from the Peruvian Living Standard Survey. More than 70 percent of these women were in the labor force at the time of the survey, about 35 percent working in paid jobs. The overall level of female labor force participation in Peru is 72 percent, and this percentage is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The majority (60 percent) of paid female workers are self-employed, but these jobs tend to be very low paying. Women holding jobs in the public sector are the best paid. In general, the study found that education and training enhance the contribution of women in the labor market. Although education does not increase the participation of Peruvian women in the labor force (and may in fact decrease it), it alters the occupational distribution of female workers by increasing the proportion of women in paid employment. Among paid employees, education is positively related to hourly earnings; the relationship is nonlinear, with primary education showing higher returns than secondary education. The return to postsecondary education appears low and negative, except for the small fraction of women who have earned a diploma. The poor performance of the Peruvian economy since the early 1970s has influenced this result. (26 references.) (Author/KC)
Author: Barbara Knapp Herz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
This report examines ways of improving women's productivity and education and the consequences for development in Peru. It finds that women account for about 39 percent of family income in Peru. They carry the main responsibilty for child care and heavily influence family decisions on children's education and family size. Improving opportunities for women can thus be a means to foster economic and social development as well as an end in itself. The main way to expand women's opportunities is through human capital investments, notably education beyond the primary level. This will increase women's earning capacity and broaden their labor force participation -- and thereby promote economic growth, family welfare, and slower population growth. The report's findings are based on econometric analysis of the household survey data from the Peruvian Living Standards Survey (PLSS) conducted in 1985-86. The PLSS is a national probability sample of 5,100 families and 26,000 individuals.
Author: Rosario Angela Basay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
Author: Ana María Arriagada
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Empleo - Peru
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Post -school training significantly improves the employment probabilities but not the wages for urban salaried and self -employed women in Peru, possibly because they train for low -paying jobs. Because their chances of receiving job training are largely determined by educational attainment, women with limited schooling also face training opportunities.
Author: M. Stelcner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Author: Elizabeth M. King
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Economic development
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
What determines girls' educational attainment? School quality (measured by the number of textbooks and teachers) changes in attitudes and better economic opportunities for educated women ; parents (especially mothers') years of schooling and occupations ; and the opportunity cost of sending a girl to school - especially in rural families, or when mothers must hold jobs outside the home.
Author: George Psacharopoulos
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Discriminacion economica
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Despite worsened economic conditions since the 1970s, women's participation in the labor force has increased significantly since the 1950s -- possibly because women have benefited disproportionately from expansion of the public sector. Sound public policy on education, family planning, childcare, and taxes -- as well as public efforts to increase women's job opportunities -- is most likely to improve women's (and hence children's) welfare.
Author: Ruben M. Suarez-Berenguela
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Author: Laura Chioda
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821399624
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
Over recent decades, women in Latin America and the Caribbean have increased their labor force participation faster than in any other region of the world. This evolution occurred in the context of more general progress in women’s status. Female enrollment rates have increased at all levels of education, fertility rates have declined, and social norms have shifted toward gender equality. This report sheds light on the complex relationship between stages of economic development and female economic participation. It documents a shift in women’s perceptions whereby work has become a fundamental part of their identity, highlighting the distinction between jobs and careers. These dynamics are made more complex by the acknowledgment that individuals are part of larger economic units—families. As development progresses and the options available to women expand, the need to balance career and family takes greater importance. New tensions emerge, paradoxically made possible by decades of steady gains. Understanding the new challenges women face as they balance work and family is thus crucial for policy.
