Author: Stéphane-Xavier Racine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 466
Get Book Here
Book Description
[Résumé en français] La métabonomique utilise principalement la SRM comme outil de détection des métabolites associé à des modèles d’analyse statistique particuliers comme l’analyse en composante principale et d’autres méthodes d’analyse multiparamétrique. Cette approche a pour but de créer des profils métaboliques en fonction de caractéristiques physiologiques, d’un état pathologique, de la prise d’un médicament ou d’un toxique. Les études que nous présentons dans cette thèse sont issues directement dapplications cliniques de la SRM proton et devraient conduire le clinicien à s’intéresser à cette technologie. Nous avons pu montrer, à partir d’échantillons d’urine, de sérum, de liquide synovial ou de liquide d’ascite, qu’il était possible de comprendre ou de découvrir des métabolismes tissulaires ou des effets toxiques des médicaments. Ainsi, nous avons exploré la fonction rénale de patients de réanimation traités par des antibiotiques potentiellement néphrotoxiques - l’effet des antibiotiques sur le liquide d’ascite de patients cirrhotiques - l’influence de l’alimentation sur les métabolites plasmatiques. Nous avons aussi observé les différences de composition biochimique entre le liquide articulaire et le sérum de patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde et aussi les effets du paracétamol sur les métabolites urinaires chez des patients subissant une hépatectomie chirurgicale. Des modèles animaux ont été utilisés pour comprendre les effets de l’oxygène sur les métabolites du cerveau ou les effets des solutés de remplissage sur le rein.
Author: Mostafa Kriat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 400
Get Book Here
Book Description
LES LIQUIDES BIOLOGIQUES ONT ETE ETUDIES PAR SPECTROSCOPIE DE RESONANCE MAGNETIQUE NUCLEAIRE. LA PREMIERE PARTIE CONCERNE LA MISE AU POINT DE METHODOLOGIES DE RMN ADAPTEES A L'ETUDE DES LIQUIDES BIOLOGIQUES. UNE NOUVELLE METHODE DE QUANTIFICATION DES METABOLITES PLASMATIQUES, BASEE SUR L'UTILISATION DU FORMATE COMME REFERENCE, A ETE DEVELOPPEE. LES RESULTATS DES DOSAGES PAR RMN SONT EN BON ACCORD AVEC LES DONNEES OBTENUES PAR LES METHODES DE DOSAGES BIOCHIMIQUES. LES SEQUENCES MULTI-IMPULSIONNELLES (ECHO DE SPIN, COSY, J-RESOLUE) ONT ETE ADOPTEES POUR LA SIMPLIFICATION DES SPECTRES ET L'ATTRIBUTION DES RESONANCES. L'ELIMINATION COMPLETE DU SIGNAL DE L'EAU A ETE OBTENUE GRACE A L'ADDITION AUX ECHANTILLONS DE CHLORURE D'AMMONIUM. DANS UNE DEUXIEME PARTIE NOUS AVONS ABORDE LES PERTURBATIONS DU METABOLISME LIPIDIQUE ET GLYCOPROTEIQUE CHEZ LES SUJETS CANCEREUX. LE RAPPORT DES PROTONS METHYLE/METHYLENE AINSI QUE LES RESIDUS GLYCOSYLES SONT AUGMENTES. LEUR TAUX VARIE AVEC LE STADE ET LA NATURE DE LA TUMEUR. L'ETUDE DES EXTRAITS LIPIDIQUES PAR LA RMN DU PROTON ET DU PHOSPHORE-31 A MONTRE L'AUGMENTATION DU RAPPORT TRIGLYCERIDES/PHOSPHOLIPIDES EN PARALLELE AVEC LA DIMINUTION DU TAUX DES PHOSPHOLIPIDES. ENFIN, LA RMN-2D A PERMIS DE MONTRER QUE LES GLYCOLIPIDES FUCOSYLES NE CONSTITUENT QU'UNE FRACTION MINEURE DANS LE PLASMA DES SUJETS CANCEREUX. LA PUISSANCE ANALYTIQUE DE LA RMN DES LIQUIDES BIOLOGIQUES ET SON CONTENU INFORMATIONNEL SONT DE NATURE A FACILITER LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE CETTE TECHNIQUE DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA BIOLOGIE CLINIQUE
Author: Harald Günther
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782225853203
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 557
Get Book Here
Book Description
La spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire (ou de RMN)est la méthode d'étude physique qui, ces dernières décennies, nous a permis d'étendre considérablement et de manière tout à fait décisive nos connaissances sur les propriétés des molécules, et en particulier dans la détermination de leur structure (localisation des atomes, établissement de la formule développée, détermination de la stéréochimie du composé et de la conformation privilégiée). Ce cours introductif permettra à l'étudiant de s'initier à cette importante technique et à ses applications en chimie organique. Afin d'en favoriser une réelle compréhension, l'auteur s'est efforcé de partir du phénomène de résonance lui-même en évitant partiellement les démonstrations tirées des lois de la physique. Il s'attache à faire ressortir les éléments nécessaires de mécanique quantique dans l'analyse des spectres pour établir ainsi un lien avec le cours de chimie organique. De nombreux exercices corrigés complètent l'exposé théorique et facilitent l'apprentissage et le contrôle des connaissances. Les étudiants en 2e cycle universitaire et les élèves ingénieurs en chimie et en biologie apprécieront le caractère didactique et pratique de l'ouvrage. Les étudiants en 3e cycle, les ingénieurs et les chercheurs pourront s'y reporter en de multiples occasions pour y approfondir leur connaissance de cette méthode qui leur est déjà familière.
Author: Laure Beyala
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081023723
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Get Book Here
Book Description
Connected objects today present a range of opportunities in medicine. We live in a new digital era where the monitoring and analysis of one's own health information no longer belongs solely to the realm of science fiction. The success of these new devices resides in their usage, which integrates seamlessly into the daily life of the user in order to continually collect the maximum amount of data. These medical connected devices therefore constitute a new hope in transforming user experience as well as the care pathway. They offer a better level of support and a better quality of life for those suffering from chronic illnesses or mental, sensorial or physical disabilities. However, these solutions also pose systematic problems, especially regarding the risks linked to their usage. This book presents a cartography which clearly details all the potential risk scenarios linked to the usage of connected devices as well as the actions which should be undertaken to promote balanced governance and guarantee the development of high-quality medical devices. - Aims to help the reader understand the difference between a connected object and a medical connected device - Identifies and evaluates all the potential risks and perspectives associated with the use of connected medical devices - Shows how to make a comprehensive risk analysis with standards like ISO 31000 and 14971
Author: Youcef Touati
Publisher: ISTE Press - Elsevier
ISBN: 9781785482199
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks discusses this unavoidable issue in the application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). To guarantee efficiency and durability in a network, the science must go beyond hardware solutions and seek alternative software solutions that allow for better data control from the source to delivery. Data transfer must obey different routing protocols, depending on the application type and network architecture. The correct protocol should allow for fluid information flow, as well as optimizing power consumption and resources - a challenge faced by dense networks. The topics covered in this book provide answers to these needs by introducing and exploring computer-based tools and protocol strategies for low power consumption and the implementation of routing mechanisms which include several levels of intervention, ranging from deployment to network operation.
Author: Michel Larini
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1786302284
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 308
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book presents different data collection and representation techniques: elementary descriptive statistics, confirmatory statistics, multivariate approaches and statistical modeling. It exposes the possibility of giving more robustness to the classical methodologies of education sciences by adding a quantitative approach. The fundamentals of each approach and the reasons behind them are methodically analyzed, and both simple and advanced examples are given to demonstrate how to use them. Subsequently, this book can be used both as a course for the uninitiated and as an accompaniment for researchers who are already familiar with these concepts.
Author: Nathalie Godin
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1786300192
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 212
Get Book Here
Book Description
In this book, two kinds of analysis based on acoustic emission recorded during mechanical tests are investigated. In the first, individual, analysis, acoustic signature of each damage mechanism is characterized. So with a clustering method, AE signals that have similar shapes or similar features can be group together into a cluster. Afterwards, each cluster can be linked with a main damage. The second analysis is based on a global AE analysis, on the investigation of liberated energy, with a view to identify a critical point. So beyond this characteristic point, the criticality can be modeled with a power-law in order to evaluate time to failure.
Author: Christophe Lalanne
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081010842
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 136
Get Book Here
Book Description
This volume of the Biostatistics and Health Sciences Set focuses on statistics applied to clinical research. The use of Stata for data management and statistical modeling is illustrated using various examples. Many aspects of data processing and statistical analysis of cross-sectional and experimental medical data are covered, including regression models commonly found in medical statistics. This practical book is primarily intended for health researchers with basic knowledge of statistical methodology. Assuming basic concepts, the authors focus on the practice of biostatistical methods essential to clinical research, epidemiology and analysis of biomedical data (including comparison of two groups, analysis of categorical data, ANOVA, linear and logistic regression, and survival analysis). The use of examples from clinical trials and epideomological studies provide the basis for a series of practical exercises, which provide instruction and familiarize the reader with essential Stata packages and commands. - Provides detailed examples of the use of Stata for common biostatistical tasks in medical research - Features a work program structured around the four previous chapters and a series of practical exercises with commented corrections - Includes an appendix to help the reader familiarize themselves with additional packages and commands - Focuses on the practice of biostatistical methods that are essential to clinical research, epidemiology, and analysis of biomedical data
Author: Jérôme Béranger
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081010621
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 326
Get Book Here
Book Description
Faced with the exponential development of Big Data and both its legal and economic repercussions, we are still slightly in the dark concerning the use of digital information. In the perpetual balance between confidentiality and transparency, this data will lead us to call into question how we understand certain paradigms, such as the Hippocratic Oath in medicine. As a consequence, a reflection on the study of the risks associated with the ethical issues surrounding the design and manipulation of this "massive data seems to be essential.This book provides a direction and ethical value to these significant volumes of data. It proposes an ethical analysis model and recommendations to better keep this data in check. This empirical and ethico-technical approach brings together the first aspects of a moral framework directed toward thought, conscience and the responsibility of citizens concerned by the use of data of a personal nature. - Defines Big Data applications in health - Presents the ethical value of the medical datasphere via the description of a model of an ethical analysis of Big Data - Provides the recommendations and steps necessary for successful management and governance of personal health data - Helps readers determine what conditions are essential for the development of the study of Big Data
Author: Philippe Le Moigne
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128172525
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 304
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is a collective work draws on the perspective of social sciences, mobilizing perspectives from the sociology of science, the history of psychiatry, medical ethnography and public policy analysis. This initiative, which has no precedent in social sciences, is surrounded by an original, if not apparently paradoxical statement: considering that the deployment of these processes, strictly formal and depersonalized, is justified in becoming the rule in a society known as "individuals". - Presents the measurement of mental disorders (tests / scales) across the various sectors - Determines the underpinning of this measure and its performance - Explains the rise of these tests and its success - Understands its impact on users
