Author: Nathalie Delmas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages :
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Book Description
La naissance humaine marque le début de la personnalité juridique et de la personne humaine. Cette vision traditionnelle du droit est insuffisante au regard tant de l'enfant à naître que del'embryon in vitro. L'ancienne maxime infans conceptus conférait déjà à l'enfant simplement conçu des droits patrimoniaux conditionnels. Les progrès médicaux, scientifiques, l'imagerie médicale la fécondation in vitro, permettent aujourd'hui une meilleure connaissance de l'existence humaine et de la visualiser. Le droit positif met en évidence des droits extrapatrimoniaux, tels le droit à l'intégrité physique, des droits familiaux au profit de l'enfant à naître, mais ne les prend en compte que de façon rétroactive. Des principes fondamentaux tels le principe du respect de la vie humaine ou le droit à la vie concernent également l'enfant à naître et l'embryon in vitro. Certaines décisions favorables à l'application de l'homicide involontaire envers un foetus viable, témoignèrent de l'insuffisance du droit face à la perception de la personne humaine. Si le législateur a introduit la notion ambigüe d'être humain, il n'existe néanmoins aucune protection civile et pénale de l'enfant in utero. A l'inverse, l'embryon in vitro fait l'objet d'une protection objective. Personne humaine potentielle au regard de l'éthique et chose sacrée pour le droit, il deviendra éventuellement demain un véritable produit de santé.
Author: Aude Bertrand-Mirkovic
Publisher: PU Aix-Marseille
ISBN: 2731403519
Category : Law
Languages : fr
Pages : 488
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Book Description
L’application par les juges des textes visant la personne, la personne humaine ou l’être humain révèle combien ces notions sont floues en droit. Puisse ce travail contribuer à les éclaircir à partir des quelques idées développées. La personne humaine est une réalité et c’est en ce sens, en tant que désignant l’être réel de chair et d’os, que la notion est apparue dans les textes juridiques. Le droit n’attribue pas aux individus la qualité de personne humaine, cela ne ressortit pas à sa compétence, il ne fait que la constater. Certes, il n’est pas assujetti à la réalité et il n’hésite pas à la déformer en l’intégrant à son système conceptuel, ce qui explique notamment que le sens juridique des mots n’est pas toujours le même qu’en langage courant. Mais le droit ne peut redéfinir la personne humaine selon ses propres vues, car ce serait la traiter comme un instrument, un moyen, alors qu’elle est sa finalité. La notion juridique de personne humaine ne peut donc être que la notion de personne humaine, telle qu’elle existe réellement.
Author: Emmanuelle Dhonte-Isnard
Publisher: Editions L'Harmattan
ISBN: 2747564223
Category : Bioethics
Languages : fr
Pages : 205
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Book Description
Depuis l'apparition de la fécondation in vitro, l'embryon humain in vitro est devenu tangible, visible, congelable, étudiable, manipulable, destructible. Ce qui était caché et mystérieux est devenu un enjeu de pouvoir qui doit être appréhendé par le droit. Mais du point de vue juridique, quelle qualification lui donner ? On se heurte aux deux seules catégories disponibles que sont le sujet et la chose. Or, ni l'une ni l'autre ne permettent de se prononcer sur sa nature juridique.
Author: Karen B. Brown
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400723539
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 699
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Book Description
This title presents twenty-nine topics, prepared by leading scholars in more than 20 countries, providing a comparative analysis of cutting-edge legal topics of the 21st century. Considering topics of vital moment to contemporary legal scholars, the title includes pieces on Surrogate Motherhood, The Balance of Copyright in Comparative Perspective, International Law in Domestic Systems, Constitutional Courts as "Positive Legislators," Same-sex Marriage, Climate Change and the Law, The Regulation of Private Equity, Hedge Funds, and State Funds, and Regulation of Corporate Tax Evasion. Each chapter surveys legal developments in the U.S. and Canada, Europe, Asia, Latin and South America, Africa, and the Middle East in a format that permits the reader easy access to similarities and differences in the approaches of the selected national regimes. This comprehensive volume tells the story of parallel trends in the evolution of legal doctrine despite jurisdictional, cultural, and political barriers. While each of the covered countries stands alone as a sovereign, in a technologically advanced world their disparate systems nonetheless have converged to adopt comparable strategies in dealing with complex legal issues. The volume is a critical addition to the library of any scholar hoping to keep abreast of the major trends in contemporary law.
Author: Kyung-Sup Chang
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136990259
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
The condensed social change and complex social order governing South Koreans’ life cannot be satisfactorily delineated by relying on West-derived social theories or culturalist arguments. Nor can various globally eye-catching traits of this society in industrial work, education, popular culture, and a host of other areas be analyzed without developing innovative conceptual tools and theoretical frameworks designed to tackle the South Korean uniqueness directly. This book provides a fascinating account of South Korean society and its contemporary transformation. Focusing on the family as the most crucial micro foundation of South Korea’s economic, social, and political life, Chang demonstrates a shrewd insight into the ways in which family relations and family based interests shape the structural and institutional changes ongoing in South Korea today. While the excessive educational pursuit, family-exploitative welfare, gender-biased industrialization, virtual demise of peasantry, and familial industrial governance in this society have been frequently discussed by local and international scholarship, the author innovatively explicates these remarkable trends from an integrative theoretical perspective of compressed modernity. The family-centered social order and everyday life in South Korea are analyzed as components and consequences of compressed modernity. South Korea under Compressed Modernity is an essential read for anyone studying Contemporary Korea or the development of East Asian societies more generally.
Author: Roy MacLeod
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402054904
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
This book represents a first considered attempt to study the factors that conditioned industrial chemistry for war in 1914-18. Taking a comparative perspective, it reflects on the experience of France, Germany, Austria, Russia, Britain, Italy and Russia, and points to significant similarities and differences. It looks at changing patterns in the organisation of industry, and at the emerging symbiosis between science, industry and the military.
Author: Marilyn Strathern
Publisher: Manchester University Press
ISBN: 9780719036743
Category : Anthropology
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
These essays, written at the time when the Bill for Human Fertilization and Embryology Act (1990) was going through Parliament, touch on the British debate (on in vitro fertilization, gamete donation and maternal surrogacy) from an anthropological perspective. The implications of the medical developments that lay behind the Act are world-wide and these new procreative possibilities formulate new possibilities for thinking about kinship. The essays are informed by recent re-thinking of models of kinship in Melanesia.
Author: Heather Jacobson
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
ISBN: 0813584388
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
While the practice of surrogacy has existed for millennia, new fertility technologies have allowed women to act as gestational surrogates, carrying children that are not genetically their own. While some women volunteer to act as gestational surrogates for friends or family members, others get paid for performing this service. The first ethnographic study of gestational surrogacy in the United States, Labor of Love examines the conflicted attitudes that emerge when the ostensibly priceless act of bringing a child into the world becomes a paid occupation. Heather Jacobson interviews not only surrogate mothers, but also their family members, the intended parents who employ surrogates, and the various professionals who work to facilitate the process. Seeking to understand how gestational surrogates perceive their vocation, she discovers that many regard surrogacy as a calling, but are reluctant to describe it as a job. In the process, Jacobson dissects the complex set of social attitudes underlying this resistance toward conceiving of pregnancy as a form of employment. Through her extensive field research, Jacobson gives readers a firsthand look at the many challenges faced by gestational surrogates, who deal with complicated medical procedures, delicate work-family balances, and tricky social dynamics. Yet Labor of Love also demonstrates the extent to which advances in reproductive technology are affecting all Americans, changing how we think about maternity, family, and the labor involved in giving birth. For more, visit http://www.heatherjacobsononline.com/
Author: Deborah Lupton
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521645546
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
This 1999 book presents a variety of exciting perspectives on the perception of risk and the strategies that people adopt to cope with it. Using the framework of recent social and cultural theory, it reflects the fact that risk has become integral to contemporary understandings of selfhood, the body and social relations, and is central to the work of writers such as Douglas, Beck, Giddens and the Foucauldian theorists. The contributors are all leading scholars in the fields of sociology, cultural and media studies and cultural anthropology. Combining empirical analyses with metatheoretical critiques, they tackle an unusually diverse range of topics including drug use, risk in the workplace, fear of crime and the media, risk and pregnant embodiment, the social construction of danger in childhood, anxieties about national identity, the governmental uses of risk and the relationship between risk phenomena and social order.
Author: Denyse Baillargeon
Publisher: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press
ISBN: 1554582725
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Described by some as a “necropolis for babies,” the province of Quebec in the early twentieth century recorded infant mortality rates, particularly among French-speaking Catholics, that were among the highest in the Western world. This “bleeding of the nation” gave birth to a vast movement for child welfare that paved the way for a medicalization of childbearing. In Babies for the Nation, basing her analysis on extensive documentary research and more than fifty interviews with mothers, Denyse Baillargeon sets out to understand how doctors were able to convince women to consult them, and why mothers chose to follow their advice. Her analysis considers the medical discourse of the time, the development of free services made available to mothers between 1910 and 1970, and how mothers used these services. Showing the variety of social actors involved in this process (doctors, nurses, women’s groups, members of the clergy, private enterprise, the state, and the mothers themselves), this study delineates the alliances and the conflicts that arose between them in a complex phenomenon that profoundly changed the nature of childbearing in Quebec. Un Québec en mal d’enfants: La médicalisation de la maternité 1910—1970 was awarded the Clio-Québec Prize, the Lionel Groulx-Yves-Saint-Germain Prize, and the Jean-Charles-Falardeau Prize. This translation by W. Donald Wilson brings this important book to a new readership.
