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Author: Carlos Carrillo-Tudela
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
Author: Carlos Carrillo-Tudela
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Fatih Guvenen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Wage inequality has been significantly higher in the United States than in continental European countries (CEU) since the 1970s. Moreover, this inequality gap has further widened during this period as the US has experienced a large increase in wage inequality, whereas the CEU has seen only modest changes. This paper studies the role of labor income tax policies for understanding these facts, focusing on male workers. We construct a life cycle model in which individuals decide each period whether to go to school, work, or stay non-employed. Individuals can accumulate skills either in school or while working. Wage inequality arises from differences across individuals in their ability to learn new skills as well as from idiosyncratic shocks. Progressive taxation compresses the (after-tax) wage structure, thereby distorting the incentives to accumulate human capital, in turn reducing the cross-sectional dispersion of (before-tax) wages. Consistent with the model, we empirically document that countries with more progressive labor income tax schedules have (i) significantly lower before-tax wage inequality at different points in time and (ii) experienced a smaller rise in wage inequality since the early 1980s. We then study the calibrated model and find that these policies can account for half of the difference between the US and the CEU in overall wage inequality and 84% of the difference in inequality at the upper end (log 90-50 differential). In a two-country comparison between the US and Germany, the combination of skill-biased technical change and changing progressivity of tax schedules explains all the difference between the evolution of inequality in these two countries since the early 1980s.
Author: Uwe Sunde
Publisher: Peter Lang Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Contents: Individual Education Decisions - Life Expectancy Decisions - Education and Earnings Inequality - Individual Search Decisions - Disaggregate Matching - Strategic Hiring and Search - Unobserved Bilateral Search - Regional Mobility and Job Competition.
Author: Kenneth Burdett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
We analyze an equilibrium labor market with on-the-job search and experience effects (as workers learn by doing). The analysis yields a Mincer wage equation with worker fixed effects and endogenously determined firm fixed effects. Equilibrium sorting - where over time more experienced workers also tend to move to better paid employment - has a significant impact on wage inequality.
Author: Rongsheng Tang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
This dissertation has three chapters. In this first chapter, I study the wage inequality. By decomposing residual wage inequality for the highly educated, I find that the within-job component is the main contributor to both the level and increase of wage inequality from 1990 to 2000. To explain this fact, I propose a model that allows within-job wage inequality to be influenced by performance-pay incidence and job fitness. Both factors were found to be correlated with within- job wage inequality. Performance pay amplifies ability dispersion through self-selection and work incentives; job fitness causes wage inequality even among individuals with the same ability level, and the expected job fitness affects the motive for the performance pay. I calibrate the model to the US economy in 1990 and quantify the importance of these two factors for wage inequality. The model explains around 71.5% of residual wage inequality for the high skill group in 2000. The job-fitness channel explains 18.8% and performance-pay channel explains 34.1% of the increase in wage inequality. In the second chapter, I study the Chinese economy. About four decades ago, the agricultural sector in China was characterized by a Dual Track System (DTS) which featured the coexistence of a planned and market economy. Under the DTS, farmers were obligated to sell agricultural products to the government at a given price before selling the remainders to market. Urban workers and enterprises enjoyed quota benefits that allowed them to buy agricultural products at a lower price from the government. In this paper, I build a model to quantitatively analyze DTS's impact on China's transition between 1978 and 1992. Within the system, procurement requirements influence the occupational choice of rural workers, and quota benefits impact firms' entry decisions. Misallocation occurs when people with a comparative advantage in farming choose to work in rural enterprises in order to avoid procurement requirements and when urban firms with low productivity survive as a result of lower input prices. Quantitative analysis shows that compared to a market economy, the DTS has decreased rural and urban enterprises' output by 6% and 37% respectively. Comparatively, a policy with the constant procurement would have decreased the output by more than 80%. The third chapter is about education mismatch. In order to better understand education mismatch, I build a model with three underlying channels--preference, promotion and search friction--and quantify their effects on residual wage inequality for the highly educated. Education mismatch is measured by the relatedness between a worker's field of study of the highest degree and the current occupation. In survey data, these three factors attributed 70% of education mismatch. Workers who are mismatched because of preference change or search friction are usually paid relatively lower than matched workers. However, the pay for the mismatched workers due to promotion opportunities is actually higher than the matched group when controlling for demo- graphic characteristics. These factors affect the wage inequality through the employment decision. Quantitatively, I found that the promotion channel has a large contribution to the increase of wage inequality, and the total contribution of preference and search friction is around 28%.
Author: Fatih Guvenen
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437934900
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Wage inequality has been significantly higher in the U.S. than in continental European countries since the 1970s. This report studies the role of labor income tax policies (LITP) for understanding these facts. Countries with more progressive LITP have significantly lower before-tax wage inequality at different points in time. Progressivity is also negatively correlated with the rise in wage inequality during this period. Wage inequality arises from differences across individuals in their ability to learn new skills as well as from idiosyncratic shocks. Progressive taxation compresses the (after-tax) wage structure, thereby distorting the incentives to accumulate human capital, in turn reducing the cross-sectional dispersion of (before-tax) wages. Illustrations. This is a print-on-demand publication; it is not an original.
Author: Celeste K. Carruthers
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
The gap between black and white earnings is a longstanding feature of the United States labor market. Competing explanations attribute different weight to wage discrimination and access to human capital. Using new data on local school quality, we find that human capital played a predominant role in determining 1940 wage and occupational status gaps in the South despite the effective disenfranchisement of blacks, entrenched racial discrimination in civic life, and lack of federal employment protections. The 1940 conditional black-white wage gap coincides with the higher end of the range of estimates from the post-Civil Rights era. We estimate that a truly "separate but equal" school system would have reduced wage inequality by 40-51 percent.
Author: Daron Acemoglu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Unemployment
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Presents an alternative theory to explain the increase in both the unemployment of skilled and unskilled workers, and in wage differentials between skilled and unskilled workers.
Author: David Neumark
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1800377800
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
This timely book evaluates international human capital policies, offering a comparative perspective on global efforts to generate new ideas and novel ways of thinking about human capital. Examining educational reforms, quality of education and links between education and socio-economic environments, chapters contrast Western experiences and perspectives with those of industrializing economies in Asia, focusing particularly on Korea and the USA.
