Irradiation Stability of Uranium Alloys at High Exposures PDF Download
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
Postirradiation examinations were begun of a series of unrestrained dilute uranium alloy specimens irradiated to exposures up to 13,000 MWD/T in NaK-containing stainless steel capsules. This test, part of a program of development of uranium metal fuels for desalination and power reactors sponsored by the Division of Reactor Development and Technology, has the objective of defining the temperature and exposure limits of swelling resistance of the alloyed uranium. This paper discusses those test results.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
Postirradiation examinations were begun of a series of unrestrained dilute uranium alloy specimens irradiated to exposures up to 13,000 MWD/T in NaK-containing stainless steel capsules. This test, part of a program of development of uranium metal fuels for desalination and power reactors sponsored by the Division of Reactor Development and Technology, has the objective of defining the temperature and exposure limits of swelling resistance of the alloyed uranium. This paper discusses those test results.
Author: Melvin L. Bleiberg
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ISBN:
Category : Uranium alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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The effects of pile irradiations on the physical properties and corrosion resistance of U-- Mo, U-- Nb; and U--Si alloys are reported. The dimensional stability under irradiation of the gamma phase U-- Mo and U-- Nb alloys is excellent; however, an isotropic volume increase of 4 to 6% per wt.% burnup may limit the ultimate fuel element life. Corrosion resistance of the gamma-phase alloys appesrs to be improved when subjected to s neutron field; this is attributed to an irrsdiation induced stabilization of the gamma phases. The U/ sub 3/Si alloy, on the other hand, suffered severe deterioration, particularly of corrosion resistance. Changes in electrical resistivity, hardness, mechanical properties, and crystal structure are presented and the mechanisms producing the observed changes discussed.
Author: A. A. Bauėr
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ISBN:
Category : Nuclear fuel elements
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
To extend experience with uranium metal fuels to the high exposures required for power reactor operation, the Savannah River Laboratory has conducted over several years a series of irradiation tests of small uranium specimens of various alloy compositions in NaK-containing stainless steel capsules. These tests were designed specifically to establish the limits on exposure that could be reached during irradiation of the alloys at various temperatures without swelling and to determine the metallurgical factors that promoted the stability of the alloys. This paper discusses those test results.
Author: R. E. Hueschen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Irradiation
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Category : Artisans
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: J. A. Horak
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Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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A total of 35 specimens of U-Pu-fissium alloy and 2 specimens of U-10 wt% Pu-5 wt% Mo alloy were irradiated as a part of the fuel-alloy development program for fast breeder reactors at Argonne National Laboratory. Total atom burnups ranged from 1.0 to 1.8% at maximum fuel temperatures ranging from 230 to 470 deg C. Emphasis was placed on the EBR-II Core-III reference fuel material, which is an injection-cast, U-20 wt% Pu-10 wt% fissium alloy. It was found that this material begins to swell catastrophically at irradiation temperatures above 370 deg C. The ability of the fuel to resist swelling did not appear to vary appreciably with minor changes in zirconium or fissium content. Decreasing the Pu to 10 wt%, however, significantly improved the swelling behavior of the alloy. Both pour-cast and thermally cycled material and pour-cast, extruded, and thermally cycled material appeared to be more stable under irradiation than injection-cast material. Under comparable irradiation conditions, the specimens of U-20 wt% Pu- 5 wt% Mo alloy were less dimensionally stable than the U-Pu-fissium alloys investigated.
Author: M. P. Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Molybdenum alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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A series of experiments was designed to assess the suitability of uranium-molybdenum alloys as high-temperature, high-burnup fuels for advanced sodium cooled reactors. Specimens with molybdenum contents between 3 and 10% were subjected to capsule irradiation tests in the Materials Testing Reactor, to burnups up to 10,000 Mwd/MTU at temperatures between 800 and 1500 deg F. The results indicated that molybdenum has a considerable effect in reducing the swelling due to irradiation. For example. 3% molybdemum reduces the swelling from 25%, for pure uranium. to 7% at approximates 3,000 Mwd/MTU at 1270 deg F. Further swelling resistance can be gained by increasing the molybdenum content, but the amount gained becomes successively smaller. At higher irradiation levels, the amount of swelling rapidly becomes greater, and larger amounts of molybdenum are required to provide similar resistance. A limit of 7% swelling, at 900 deg F and an irradiation of 7,230 Mwd/ MTU, requires the use of 10% Nonemolybdenum in the alloy. The burnup rates were in the range of 2.0 to 4.0 x 10p13s fissiom/cc-sec. Small ternary additions of silicon and aluminum were shown to have a noticeable effect in reducing swelling when added to a U-3% Mo alloy base. Under the conditions of the present experiment, 0.26% silicon or 0.38% aluminum were equivalent to 1 to 1 1/2% molybdenum. The Advanced Sodium Cooled Reactor requires a fuel capable of being irradiated to 20,000 Mwd/MTU at temperatures up to 1500 deg C in metal fuel, or equivalent in ceramic fuel. It is concluded that even the highest molybdenum contents considered did not produce a fuel capable of operating satisfactorily under these conditions. The alloys would be useful, however, for less exacting conditions. The U-3% Mo alloy is capable of use up to 3,000 Mwd/MTU at temperatures of 1300 deg F before swelling becomes excessive. The addition of silicon and aluminum would increase this limit to at least 3,000 Mwd/MTU, and possibly more if the
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Early in the development of an extended surface fuel element for use in the NPR, several 7-rod cluster fuel elements were irradiated to determine the dimensional stability of such geometries at high burnups. These elements were fabricated from small diameter uranium rods clad unbonded in stainless steel tubes and assembled in a rod cluster geometry by various support devices. Zircaloy clad fuel rods were not yet available, the stainless steel clad rods therefore served as a suitable material which would withstand high temperature water over a long period of time and maintain relatively high strength properties. The purpose of the irradiation detailed in this report was to determine the effect of high exposure on the swelling, dimensional stability, microstructure, and physical properties of uranium rods restrained unbonded in stainless steel. At the same time, this test was designed to evaluate the effect of fuel rods operating in a cluster geometry, to monitor the central core temperature of the uranium, to determine the stainless steel-uranium interface heat transfer bond coefficient, and to determine the average specific power of the assembled element. Goal exposure for this irradiation test was 3500 MWD/t.
Author: J. H. Kittel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Irradiation
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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A series of uranium-fissium and uranium-fissium-zirconium alloys was irradiated in thermal test reactors to study the relationship of dimensional stability to alloy composition, thermal cycling, burnup, irradiation temperature, post-irradiation heating, and cladding restraint. None of the alloy compositions tested showed irradiation behavior superior to the uranium-5 wt./% fissium alloy that has been used as driver fuel in EBR-II since it began operation. This alloy is among those uranium-base alloys most capable of resisting high-temperature irradiation swelling. None of the alloys showed evidence of the reversion to the metastable gamma phase that has been observed in comparable uranium-molybdenum alloys. Swelling of uranium-fissium alloys was effectively restrained by most of the 0.009-inch thick cladding materials investigated. Local hydrostatic forces due to swelling of the fuel caused the fuel to extrude extensively out of small vent holes in the cladding. Little axial fuel movement occurred within the cladding, however, even when the upper fuel surface was entirely unrestrained.
