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Author: Roland Pusch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Author: Roland Pusch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
Author: Roland Pusch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clay
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Resumé på fransk. - Udsnit af 'Journal de microscopie' 1967.
Author: Texas A & M University. Department of Oceanography
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electron microscopy
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Sediment samples were taken from Gulf of Mexico cores. From these samples smaller ones were cut, freeze-dried and impregnated with Maraglas, an epoxy resin. Ultrathin sections of the impregnated samples were cut, and viewed in an electron microscope. Micrographs of the ultrathin sections revealed that the microstructures of most of the samples had a loose, open, random arrangement of particles. Differences in appearance of some of the microstructures are attributed to grain size variation, desiccation, remolding, and shearing of the sediment. Associated with this last factor is the formation of oriented domain structures. Variations among the samples in depth of burial, rate of deposition, and, particularly, clay mineralogy were generally small and resulted in no obvious differences in their microstructures. Cohesion, water content, and consolidation characteristics of samples were found to be generally indicative of the type of microstructure observed. Laboratory consolidation and desiccation of samples caused a 'collapse' of the microstructure and preferred, as well as non-preferred, orientation among the particles. Remolding of a sediment resulted in clumping of the particles, parallelism among the particles, and large voids. No evidence was observed in the micrographs which would substantiate the existence of a precipitated chemical cement. (Author).
Author: Richard Bennett
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400946848
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 163
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Book Description
Plan of Review This review of clay microstructure is aimed at the diverse group of professionals who share an interest in the properties of fine-grained minerals in sediments. During the last several decades, members of this group have included geologists, soil scientists, soil engineers, engineering geologists, and ceramics scientists. More recently, it has included significant numbers of marine geologists and other engineers. Each of the disciplines has developed special techniques for investigating properties of clay sediments that have proven to be fruitful in answering questions of central interest. Knowledge of clay microstructure-the fabric of a sediment and the physico chemical interactions between its components-is fundamental to all these disciplines (Mitchell 1956; Lambe 1958a; Foster and De 1971). Clay fabric refers to the spatial distribution, orientations, and particle-to-particle relations of the solid particles (generally those less than 3. 9 /Lm in size) of sediment. Physico-chemical interac tions are expressions of the forces between the particles. In this review, we trace the historical development of under standing clay microstructure by discussing key scientific papers published before 1986 on physico-chemical interactions in fine grained sediments and on clay fabric. Since the development follows an intricate path, the current view of clay microstructure is summarized. This summary includes a discussion of the present state of knowledge, the observations made so far, and the facts that are now established.
Author: W.A. Chiou
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461244285
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 570
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Book Description
Knowledge of basic clay microstructure is fundamental to an understanding of the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of fine-grained sediments and rocks. This compilation of fifty-nine peer-reviewed papers examines clay microstructure in detail with comprehensive sections focusing on microstructure signatures, environmental processes, modeling, measurement techniques, and future research recommendations. Many of these topics are discussed in light of geological and engineering applications, such as hazardous waste disposal, construction techniques, and drilling programs. The field of clay microstructure is developing rapidly. The concepts, observations, and principles presented in this book will help stimulate new thought and be a "spring board" for exciting new research.
Author: Roland Pusch
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203028988
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
Certain wastes such as nuclear wastes, are so hazardous that their disposal creates a major challenge requiring considerable technical skill and understanding. Their effective isolation in the ground depends on the properties of the surrounding clays. This authoritative book explains the detailed function of clay-based engineered barriers, gives a number of examples of the design and construction of successful sites, and sets out conceptual and theoretical models for the prediction of their performance. It begins by providing a scientific grounding in the relevant aspects of clay science and successively moves onto the practicalities, while retaining the scientific slant. It will be useful for students, and invaluable for research institutes, specialists in environmental protection agencies and consultants in the field of disposal of hazardous waste.
Author: 郭瑞
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chlorite minerals
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
Unfrozen water within cation-treated, fine-grained frozen soils is a key element in cold regions engineering, and is heavily influenced by the surface charge of the soil's clay component. This study investigated the effects of the surface charge of cation-treated clay soils by measuring the zeta potential as a function of temperature, and measuring changes in the micro-structure of frozen cation-treated clays using the x-ray diffraction (XRD) method. I tested five treatments (untreated, and Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ treatments) of six soils (montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, illite-smectite, chlorite, and Copper River soil). The zeta potential demonstrated a negative relationship with temperature change for both above-freezing and sub-freezing conditions (-1 to 20 °C). Temperature had a greater effect on the monovalent-treated soils that contain smectite minerals, which included montmorillonite, illite-smectite, and the Copper River soil. Monovalent cation-treated soils demonstrated large negative trends and more negative zeta potential, whereas divalent cation-treated soils demonstrated less negative trends that were less dependent on temperature. The cation treatment will affect the Debye-length, also affecting the zeta potential and arrangement of clay particles. More negative zeta potential (i.e., soil dominated by monovalent cations) will lead to a dispersed structure, whereas less negative zeta potential (i.e., soil dominated by divalent cations) will lead to a flocculated structure. XRD research indicated that the montmorillonite samples demonstrated decreased dspacing compared with the International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD) standard. The K+- treated montmorillonite, untreated montmorillonite, and untreated illite-smectite samples demonstrated donut-shaped pole figure results, which may indicate that the results are an artifact of sample preparation rather than a reflection of the cation effects on the structure of the clay. Improved could be made in sample preparation to eliminate ice lens formation during freezing, which may improve the success with the XRD method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) should be used to observe the frozen clays, especially montmorillonite, illite-smectite, and the Copper River soil, as it may reveal the internal geometry of voids and the possible relationship between ice and the clay structure, increasing our understanding of the clay structure at the microaggregate scale.
Author: John Alan Gard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Clay
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
Electron-optical methods and their applicability; Interpretation of Electron Micrographs and Electron-Diffraction Patterns; Specimen Preparation; Kaolin Minerals; Serpentine Minerals; Smectites; Micas and Related Minerals; Palygorskite and Sepiolite; Hormites; Chlorites and Interstratified Minerals; Silica Minerals and Diatoms; Oxides of Iron, Aluminium, and Manganese; Other Minerals in Clay; Imogolite.
Author: United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Author: Geotechnical Conference on Shear Strength Properties of Natural Soils and Rocks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rock mechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
