Investigating the Role of MARTX Toxin in Cholera-toxin Dependent Modulation of Host Innate Immune Responses During Vibrio Cholerae Infection PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Investigating the Role of MARTX Toxin in Cholera-toxin Dependent Modulation of Host Innate Immune Responses During Vibrio Cholerae Infection PDF full book. Access full book title Investigating the Role of MARTX Toxin in Cholera-toxin Dependent Modulation of Host Innate Immune Responses During Vibrio Cholerae Infection by Phillip Doan. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Phillip Doan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Vibrio cholerae is the bacteria responsible for causing cholera, a diarrheal disease. Cholera affects around 1.3 to 4 million people globally and impacts countries that lack access to sanitary drinking water such as Bangladesh. Given the burden of V. cholerae induced infection, we investigated the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin, a secreted toxin. Cholera is typically considered a non-inflammatory disease, and this may be explained by the actions of the MARTX toxin. In this present study, we sought to determine if the MARTX toxin modulated host inflammation to limit bacterial clearance and confer a fitness advantage. Additionally, we wanted to determine whether the actions of MARTX toxin are dependent on V. cholerae's cholera toxin (CT). We found that genetic abrogation of the MARTX toxin was detrimental to the fitness of the pathogen within the gut of the host. At 6 hours post infection we observed a significant reduction in intestinal colonization by the MARTX toxin mutant, rtxA relative to the wild-type (WT) strain. RT-qPCR data reveal that mice infected with the WT and the mice infected with rtxA have non-significant different expression of intestinal inflammation genes, CXCL1, CXCL2 and Nos-2. However, we report that expression of these inflammation markers was greater in rtxA relative to WT after 6 hours and thus, could explain the observed bacterial enumeration data. These results help elucidate the interaction between bacterial toxins and their impact on host innate immunity, which can be further developed into a more effective cholera vaccine or provide therapeutic targets.
Author: Phillip Doan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Vibrio cholerae is the bacteria responsible for causing cholera, a diarrheal disease. Cholera affects around 1.3 to 4 million people globally and impacts countries that lack access to sanitary drinking water such as Bangladesh. Given the burden of V. cholerae induced infection, we investigated the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin, a secreted toxin. Cholera is typically considered a non-inflammatory disease, and this may be explained by the actions of the MARTX toxin. In this present study, we sought to determine if the MARTX toxin modulated host inflammation to limit bacterial clearance and confer a fitness advantage. Additionally, we wanted to determine whether the actions of MARTX toxin are dependent on V. cholerae's cholera toxin (CT). We found that genetic abrogation of the MARTX toxin was detrimental to the fitness of the pathogen within the gut of the host. At 6 hours post infection we observed a significant reduction in intestinal colonization by the MARTX toxin mutant, rtxA relative to the wild-type (WT) strain. RT-qPCR data reveal that mice infected with the WT and the mice infected with rtxA have non-significant different expression of intestinal inflammation genes, CXCL1, CXCL2 and Nos-2. However, we report that expression of these inflammation markers was greater in rtxA relative to WT after 6 hours and thus, could explain the observed bacterial enumeration data. These results help elucidate the interaction between bacterial toxins and their impact on host innate immunity, which can be further developed into a more effective cholera vaccine or provide therapeutic targets.
Author: P. Gopalakrishnakone
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789400758681
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Biological toxins are an important part of our world, a reality with which we need to cope, so in parallel with understanding their mechanisms of action and thereby improving our fundamental knowledge, there are successful efforts to utilize them as therapeutics against some debilitating human and animal diseases. In view of the complexity of different types of biotoxins and the broad range of toxin structure, physiology, utility, and countermeasures including regulatory issues, it was thus aimed to compile a book on biotoxins and bioweapons. This reference work in the Toxinology handbook series gathers together knowledge from around the globe about naturally inspired and manufactured biological weapons. The authors describe how they work; how authorities may detect their presence, prevent their use, and diagnose their impacts; and the means by which medical and paramedical professionals may treat victims. Also described are how they have been used to further our knowledge and what insights they have given us into evolutionary and physiological processes. Finally, it is also discussed how these toxins can be used as therapeutics and what the implications of such therapeutics are to their use as biothreat agents. This volume provides a reference accessible to scientists, educators, and medical experts alike with an interest in biotoxins, focusing on the major toxins used as bioweapons. Regulatory agencies will also benefit from the information provided in this book. Some in the intended audience may need to understand how they elicit their effects and how we can defend ourselves against them. Others may be interested in the sometimes colorful histories that surround this subset of biotoxins that can be and, in some cases, have been used as weapons.
Author: Raj Kumar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319435381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
This succinct volume addresses the production of inactive, potentially toxic proteins in the absence of correct protein folding and the resultant neurodegenerative diseases. Other topics include intrinsic disorder in protein structure and function and the effects of molten globules on protein toxicity. This concise and yet thorough text also discusses using toxin structure as a model for studying structural and functional aspects of protein chemistry. Protein Toxins in Modeling Biochemistry, a SpringerBrief, is essential reading for advanced researchers, scientists and advanced graduate students interested in protein chemistry and related areas of biochemistry and molecular science.
Author: Gail A. Hecht
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Enterobacteriaceae
Languages : en
Pages : 600
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Brian Austin
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780130594945
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Get Book Here
Book Description
Expanded and updated, this second edition considers fish diseases in the context of the fish's environment, and includes coverage of many aspects of microbiology. The authors provide information on the structure of fish in order to help familiarize readers with general fish anatomy. All the bacterial taxa which have been reported as fish pathogens are included, and the material is subdivided for easy reference into sections which deal with characteristics of the diseases, isolation methods, characterization of the pathogens, diagnosis, epizootilogy, pathogenicity mechanisms and control. Written by bacteriologists for microbiologists, the book tabulates the identification procedures, and gives characteristics of pathogens, the diseases and their control. As farmed fish are of greater commercial importance, and the consequences of losses attributable to bacterial fish pathogens therefore of greater economic consequence, the authors concentrate on these rather than on wild stocks.
Author: Kaye Wachsmuth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cholera
Languages : en
Pages : 488
Get Book Here
Book Description
Presents the latest molecular studies of virulence, colonization, gene regulation, and the O1 antigen. Gives an in-depth and analytical approach to the epidemiology of cholera that includes outbreak investigations, case-control studies, and surveillance functions. Describes the molecular approach to epidemiologic problems and questions. Tracks the global spread of cholera by genetically defining individual strains. Addresses possible intervention and prevention strategies, including the latest vaccines, and their public health relevance.
Author: Maria Sandkvist
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1683670280
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Protein transport into and across membranes is a fundamental process in bacteria that touches upon and unites many areas of microbiology, including bacterial cell physiology, adhesion and motility, nutrient scavenging, intrabacterial signaling and social behavior, toxin deployment, interbacterial antagonism and collaboration, host invasion and disruption, and immune evasion. A broad repertoire of mechanisms and macromolecular machines are required to deliver protein substrates across bacterial cell membranes for intended effects. Some machines are common to most, if not all bacteria, whereas others are specific to Gram-negative or Gram-positive species or species with unique cell envelope properties such as members of Actinobacteria and Spirochetes. Protein Secretion in Bacteria, authored and edited by an international team of experts, draws together the many distinct functions and mechanisms involved in protein translocation in one concise tome. This comprehensive book presents updated information on all aspects of bacterial protein secretion encompassing: Individual secretory systems–Sec, Tat, and T1SS through the newly discovered T9SS Mechanisms, structures, and functions of bacterial secretion systems Lipoprotein sorting pathways, outer membrane vesicles, and the sortase system Structures and roles of surface organelles, including flagella, pili, and curli Emerging technologies and translational implications Protein Secretion in Bacteria serves as both an introductory guide for students and postdocs and a ready reference for seasoned researchers whose work touches on protein export and secretion. This volume synthesizes the diversity of mechanisms of bacterial secretion across the microbial world into a digestible resource to stimulate new research, inspire continued identification and characterization of novel systems, and bring about new ways to manipulate these systems for biotechnological, preventative, and therapeutic applications.
Author: Steffen Rupp
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781617378249
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
In recent decades, infectious diseases, once believed to be fairly contained, have become a vital, resurgent field of research. In Host-Pathogen Interactions: Methods and Protocols, top experts examine the relationship between the host and the pathogen, crucial in the outcome of an infection and the establishment of disease or asymptomatic, commensal colonization by organisms. The step-by-step laboratory methods and protocols of this volume study host-pathogen interaction, with a focus on fungal, bacterial and parasitic pathogens, at a molecular level in order to reveal the mechanisms of infection and to identify the vulnerabilities of the pathogen of interest. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, the chapters feature brief subject introductions, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Host-Pathogen Interactions: Methods and Protocols serves as an easy entry point for all those investigating the factors responsible for the pathogenicity of microorganisms.
Author: Gianfranco Donelli
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781493946761
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
The discovery that most of the chronic infections in humans, including the oral, lung, vaginal and foreign body-associated infections, are biofilm-based, has prompted the need to design new and properly focused preventive and therapeutic strategies for these diseases. Microbial Biofilms: Methods and Protocols provides a detailed description of the currently available methods and protocols to investigate bacterial and fungal biofilms, exhaustively illustrated and critically annotated in 25 chapters written by authors well known for their experience in the respective fields. The book has joined together microbiologists and specialists in infectious diseases, hygiene and public health involved in exploring different aspects of microbial biofilms as well as in designing new methods and/or developing innovative laboratory protocols. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Microbial Biofilms: Methods and Protocols presents readers with the most established and validated experimental procedures to investigate microbial biofilms.
Author: Thomas Proft
Publisher: Caister Academic Press Limited
ISBN: 9781904455448
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Toxins are important virulence determinants responsible for microbial pathogenicity and/or evasion of the host immune response. Understanding the molecular and cellular biology of toxins is critical for the development of new anti-toxin strategies, particularly for those with bioterrorism capability. Indeed, potential applications of toxin research extend beyond simply combating microbial virulence and include the development of novel anti-cancer drugs and other frontline medicines, use of toxins as tools in neurobiology and cellular biology, etc. This timely volume serves as an update on important recent advances. Written by internationally respected scientists, topics reviewed include: toxins carried by mobile genetic elements, botulinum neurotoxins, anthrax, subtilase cytotoxin, Pasteurella multocida toxin, RTX toxins of vibrios, vacA toxin, staphylococcal immune evasion toxins, and fungal ribotoxins. The book is essential reading for everyone with an interest in microbial toxins, and it is recommended for other scientists with an interest in microbiology, bioterrorism, microbial pathogenesis, and microbial genomics.
