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Author: Kathleen E. McGrath
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cutthroat trout
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Author: Kathleen E. McGrath
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cutthroat trout
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Author: Meredith B. Seiler
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109991291
Category : Cutthroat trout
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
As a means of assessing the relative ability of subspecific and ecologically based measures of intraspecific diversity, I compared the proportion of morphological variation accounted for by subspecies categories with the proportion encompassed by ecologically based categories in cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii ssp.). To determine whether subspecies differed based on morphological traits and if there was an additional amount of variation not accounted for by this taxonomic category but was associated with stream and lake environments, I sampled native populations of four subspecies of cutthroat trout over a wide geographic area. I used linear and geometric morphometrics to compare measures of body shape, fin length, head and mouth size and eye diameter between and within subspecies. Both taxonomically and ecologically based categories accounted for a significant proportion of the morphological variation between and within cutthroat trout subspecies; however, the larger proportion was explained by subspecies differences, with the greatest morphological divergence between coastal cutthroat trout and interior subspecies. Similarly, stream and lake-dwelling cutthroat trout also exhibited significant differences in morphology, but the largest differences occurred between stream and lake populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout. Given that many cutthroat trout species are of conservation concern, my project provides a better understanding of intraspecific variation existing within the species as well as a means of effectively identifying subspecies in order to preserve variation that my be important for the persistence of the species. These techniques may provide a method of describing important levels of diversity based on ecological conditions that could be used to determine conservation priorities.
Author: Janet L. Loxterman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cutthroat trout
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Background For wide-ranging species, intraspecific variation can occur as a result of reproductive isolation from local adaptive differences or from physical barriers to movement. Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii), a widely distributed fish species from North America, has been divided into numerous putative subspecies largely based on its isolation in different watersheds. In this study, we examined mtDNA sequence variation of cutthroat trout to determine the major phylogenetic lineages of this polytypic species. We use these data as a means of testing whether geographic isolation by watershed boundaries can be a primary factor organizing intraspecific diversification. Results We collected cutthroat trout from locations spanning almost the entire geographic range of this species and included samples from all major subspecies of cutthroat trout. Based on our analyses, we reveal eight major lineages of cutthroat trout, six of which correspond to subspecific taxonomy commonly used to describe intraspecific variation in this species. The Bonneville cutthroat trout (O. c. utah) and Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. c. bouvieri) did not form separate monophyletic lineages, but instead formed an intermixed clade. We also document the geographic distribution of a Great Basin lineage of cutthroat trout; a group typically defined as Bonneville cutthroat trout, but it appears more closely related to the Colorado River lineage of cutthroat trout. Conclusion Our study indicates that watershed boundaries can be an organizing factor isolating genetic diversity in fishes; however, historical connections between watersheds can also influence the template of isolation. Widely distributed species, like cutthroat trout, offer an opportunity to assess where historic watershed connections may have existed, and help explain the current distribution of biological diversity across a landscape.
Author: Yuri Petrovich Altukhov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540254904
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Population and evolutionary genetics have been quickly developing ?elds of biological research over the past decades. This book compiles our current understanding of genetic processes in natural populations. In addition, the book provides the author’s original ideas and concepts based on the data obtained by himself and his close coworkers. The author introduces his pioneering concept of population genetic stability,and much of thebook is concerned with the factors and conditions of such stability. Why does genetic stability matter so much? Altukhov argues that the sustainable use of natural resources, including genetic resources of popu- tions, critically depends on the maintenance of their stability. The preser- tion of well-adapted genetic characteristics from one generation to the next is essential for this stability. Traditionally, population genetics has been - cusedonevolution andthe role of evolutionary factorsinshapinggenetic structures of populations. While the idea of a population as a dynamic unit of evolution has been widely accepted, the signi?cance of genetic stability and its implications for the long-term survival of populations and species have not been fully appreciated.
Author: Kitty E. Griswold
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cutthroat trout
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Genetic diversity of two salmonid species, Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Prince William Sound, Alaska were examined at multiple spatial scales with three molecular markers. Pleistocene glaciers covered what is now Prince William Sound 8,000-12,000 years ago and both species colonized the region subsequently. Because these species have different migratory behavior and historic ranges I expected to see different patterns of genetic diversity within Prince William Sound. Haplotype frequency and nucleotide diversity in sixteen mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment enzymes combinations in Prince William Sound were higher in Dolly Varden than in coastal cutthroat trout, which were close to fixation. Low estimates of these measures in coastal cutthroat trout may reflect a founder effect resulting from colonization of this region from a single glacial refuge (Cascadia) and low dispersal capacity. To examine if genetic diversity in coastal cutthroat trout was higher in areas of glacial refuge, three additional locations from throughout their distributional range were examined with the same restriction enzymes. Haplotype frequency and nucleotide diversity were lower in areas that were glaciated than estimates of the same measures in a glacial refuge. Again, founder effects during colonization of the three glaciated sites may account for these results. Genetic variation of Dolly Varden and coastal cutthroat trout was also examined within and among populations in Prince William Sound with microsatellites and allozymes. The pattern of genetic variation in coastal cutthroat trout was complex. There was lower genetic diversity within populations that were recently colonized following recent de-glaciation (150-350 ybp). Genetic diversity among some coastal cutthroat trout populations was high, which possibly reflects restricted migration. In other trout populations there was low diversity among populations, possible reflecting historic gene flow. In Dolly Varden, genetic variation among anadromous populations in Prince William Sound was low. There were large differences among resident and anadromous populations. These data provide information for the management for both species, which may reduce the risk of the loss of genetic diversity within local populations.
Author: John E. B. Wofford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coastal cutthroat trout
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Because human land use activities often result in increased fragmentation of headwater stream habitats, a better understanding of the effects of fragmentation on the genetic heterogeneity of stream salmonids is useful for effective management. We used eight microsatellites to examine the genetic structure of potamodromous coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) in Camp Creek, an isolated headwater stream in western Oregon. Our objectives were to determine if coastal cutthroat trout were genetically structured at fine spatial scales and to assess the effects of natural and anthropogenic barriers on coastal cutthroat trout genetic variation. Fish sampling occurred at 10 locations, and allele frequencies differed significantly among all sampling sections. Dispersal barriers strongly influenced coastal cutthroat trout genetic structure and were associated with reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic differentiation. Results indicate that Camp Creek coastal cutthroat trout exist as many small, partially independent populations connected by low to moderate levels of gene flow. In headwater streams, increased habitat fragmentation can result in genetic and demographic isolation leading to reduced coastal cutthroat trout genetic diversity and compromising long-term population persistence.
Author: Kendra R. Eaton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cutthroat trout
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Species with large geographic distributions often exhibit complex patterns of diversity that can be further complicated by human activities. Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) are one of the most widely distributed freshwater fish species in western North America exhibiting substantial phenotypic and genetic variability; however, fish stocking practices have translocated populations outside of their native range and may have obscured intraspecific boundaries. This study focuses on cutthroat trout populations representing three distinct evolutionary clades that are found intermixed within a contact zone between the Bonneville and upper Snake River watersheds in the western United States. We used mitochondrial and microsatellite genetic data, as well as historical stocking records, to evaluate whether populations of cutthroat trout in the contact zone are native or are introduced. We found significant genetic differentiation and fine-scale genetic population structure that was organized primarily by watershed boundaries. While we detected increased genetic diversity in some areas in close proximity to the greatest number of stocking events, the highly organized population structure both within and between areas of the contact zone indicates that the populations are native to the watersheds. Intermixing of distinct evolutionary lineages of cutthroat trout appears to be the result of historical connections between paleodrainages. Our analyses provide a context for understanding how genetic data can be used to assess the status of populations as native or introduced.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cutthroat trout
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: Steven F. Railsback
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cutthroat trout
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author: Pat Trotter
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 9780520254589
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
Cutthroat tells the full story of the genuine native trout of the American West. This new edition, thoroughly revised and updated after 20 years, synthesizes what is currently known about one of our most interesting and colorful fishes, includes much new information on its biology and ecology, asks how it has fared in the last century, and looks toward its future. In a passionate and accessibly written narrative, Patrick Trotter, fly fisher, environmental advocate, and science consultant, details the evolution, natural history, and conservation of each of the cutthroat's races and incorporates more personal reflections on the ecology and environmental history of the West's river ecosystems. The bibliography now includes what may be the most comprehensive and complete set of references available anywhere on the cutthroat trout. Written for anglers, nature lovers, environmentalists, and students, and featuring vibrant original illustrations by Joseph Tomelleri, this is an essential reference for anyone who wants to learn more about this remarkable, beautiful, and fragile western native.
