Intra-Industry Trade with Firm Heterogeneity. The Melitz Model and its Recent Extensions PDF Download
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Author: Michael Betz
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668257760
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 2,0, University of Münster (Institute of International Economics), language: English, abstract: While the traditional Trade Theory is merely able to explain trade between developed and less developed countries, the more recent literature of the New Trade Theory allows for capturing trade between countries that are all highly developed. One of its models - the Melitz model of intra-industry trade (2003) - incorporates heterogeneity in firm productivity into a framework based on Krugman (1980). The Melitz model is a corner stone of New Trade Theory models and has been extended in various papers to analyze intra-industry trade with respect to different aspects. One important aspect that is covered intensively in recent literature is the efect of unilateral trade liberalization on a country's welfare. This thesis presents the Melitz model (2003) by firstly illustrating its fundament based onKrugman (1980) and secondly deriving its working mechanisms both for opening for trade as well as for trade liberalization. Further, extensions by Melitz and Ottaviano (2005) and Demidova and Rodriguez-Clarez (2011) will be presented. The thesis concludes by discussing the contribution of the Melitz model to explain occurring trading patterns and its limitations.
Author: Michael Betz
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668257760
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 2,0, University of Münster (Institute of International Economics), language: English, abstract: While the traditional Trade Theory is merely able to explain trade between developed and less developed countries, the more recent literature of the New Trade Theory allows for capturing trade between countries that are all highly developed. One of its models - the Melitz model of intra-industry trade (2003) - incorporates heterogeneity in firm productivity into a framework based on Krugman (1980). The Melitz model is a corner stone of New Trade Theory models and has been extended in various papers to analyze intra-industry trade with respect to different aspects. One important aspect that is covered intensively in recent literature is the efect of unilateral trade liberalization on a country's welfare. This thesis presents the Melitz model (2003) by firstly illustrating its fundament based onKrugman (1980) and secondly deriving its working mechanisms both for opening for trade as well as for trade liberalization. Further, extensions by Melitz and Ottaviano (2005) and Demidova and Rodriguez-Clarez (2011) will be presented. The thesis concludes by discussing the contribution of the Melitz model to explain occurring trading patterns and its limitations.
Author: Andrew B. Bernard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The relative ascendance of high-productivity firms within industries boosts aggregate productivity and drives down consumer prices. In contrast with the neoclassical model, these price declines dampen and can even reverse the real wage losses of scarce factors as countries liberalize.
Author: Ana Fernandes
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484386175
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
The Melitz model highlights the importance of the extensive margin (the number of firms exporting) for trade flows. Using the World Bank’s Exporter Dynamics Database (EDD) featuring firm-level exports from 50 countries, we find that around 50 percent of variation in exports is along the extensive margin—a quantitative victory for the Melitz framework. The remaining 50 percent on the intensive margin (exports per exporting firm) contradicts a special case of Melitz with Pareto-distributed firm productivity, which has become a tractable benchmark. This benchmark model predicts that, conditional on the fixed costs of exporting, all variation in exports across trading partners should occur on the extensive margin. We find that moving from a Pareto to a lognormal distribution allows the Melitz model to match the role of the intensive margin in the EDD. We use likelihood methods and the EDD to estimate a generalized Melitz model with a joint lognormal distribution for firm-level productivity, fixed costs and demand shifters, and use “exact hat algebra” to quantify the effects of a decline in trade costs on trade flows and welfare in the estimated model. The welfare effects turn out to be quite close to those in the standard Melitz-Pareto model when we choose the Pareto shape parameter to fit the average trade elasticity implied by our estimated Melitz-lognormal model, although there are significant differences regarding the effects on trade flows.
Author: Marc Bacchetta
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789287038128
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Author: Inter-American Development Bank
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349581518
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
This volume uses the study of firm dynamics to investigate the factors preventing faster productivity growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, pushing past the limits of traditional macroeconomic analyses. Each chapter is dedicated to an examination of a different factor affecting firm productivity - innovation, ICT usage, on-the-job-training, firm age, access to credit, and international linkages - highlighting the differences in firm characteristics, behaviors, and strategies. By showcasing this remarkable heterogeneity, this collection challenges regional policymakers to look beyond one-size-fits-all solutions and create balanced policy mixes tailored to distinct firm needs. This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license.
Author: Julian Emami Namini
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540327193
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
This study investigates the dynamic welfare effects of exposure to trade in a new trade model, which is extended by firm heterogeneity. It is analyzed under which conditions exposure to trade with firm heterogeneity increases or decreases steady state welfare of a country. It uses a new trade model to explore which country-specific conditions give rise to horizontal or vertical multinational activity. Finally, it combines the Heckscher-Ohlin model and a new trade model with horizontal multinational firms.
Author: Lisa L. Martin
Publisher: Oxford Handbooks
ISBN: 0199981752
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 577
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Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of the Political Economy of International Trade surveys the literature on the politics of international trade and highlights the most exciting recent scholarly developments. The Handbook is focused on work by political scientists that draws extensively on work in economics, but is distinctive in its applications and attention to political features; that is, it takes politics seriously. The Handbook's framework is organized in part along the traditional lines of domestic society-domestic institutions - international interaction, but elaborates this basic framework to showcase the most important new developments in our understanding of the political economy of trade. Within the field of international political economy, international trade has long been and continues to be one of the most vibrant areas of study. Drawing on models of economic interests and integrating them with political models of institutions and society, political scientists have made great strides in understanding the sources of trade policy preferences and outcomes. The 27 chapters in the Handbook include contributions from prominent scholars around the globe, and from multiple theoretical and methodological traditions. The Handbook considers the development of concepts and policies about international trade; the influence of individuals, firms, and societies; the role of domestic and international institutions; and the interaction of trade and other issues, such as monetary policy, environmental challenges, and human rights. Showcasing both established theories and findings and cutting-edge new research, the Handbook is a valuable reference for scholars of political economy.
Author: R.W. Jones
Publisher: North Holland
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 654
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Book Description
Textbook, research papers on international economic theory, economic policy and practice - includes a literature survey of theoretical studies in trade relations; covers evolution of economic models explaining the determinants of trade structure, capital flow, labour mobility, trade in natural resources, etc.; examines macroeconomics aspects of balance of payments, exchange rate, international monetary system, economic relations and dependence, etc. Bibliography, graphs, statistical tables.
Author: John Spray
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 151357261X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
I develop a model of firm-to-firm search and matching to show that the impact of falling trade costs on firm sourcing decisions and consumer welfare depends on the relative size of search externalities in domestic and international markets. These externalities can be positive if firms share information about potential matches, or negative if the market is congested. Using unique firm-to-firm transaction-level data from Uganda, I document empirical evidence consistent with positive externalities in international markets and negative externalities in domestic markets. I then build a dynamic quantitative version of the model and show that, in Uganda, a 25% reduction in trade costs led to a 3.7% increase in consumer welfare, 12% of which was due to search externalities.
Author: Andrea Ciani
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815585
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
