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Languages : en
Pages : 12
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In recent years, multifragmentation of nuclear systems has been extensively studied, and many efforts have been made to clarify the underlying physics. However, no clear consensus exists on the mechanism for multifragmentation. Is the emission of intermediate mass fragments (IMF: 3 (less-than or equal to) Z (less-than or equal to) 20) a dynamical process (brought on by the occurrence of instabilities of one form or another) or a statistical process (i.e. the decay probabilities are proportional to a suitably defined exit channel phase space)? Historically the charge (mass) distribution has played and still plays a very important role in characterizing multifragmentation. Since this subject's inception, the near power-law shape of the charge and mass distributions was considered an indication of criticality for the hot nuclear fluid produced in light ion and heavy ion collisions. Here, the authors have studied different aspects of the charge distributions. The implications of the experimental evidence presented here are potentially far reaching. On the one hand, the thermal features observed in the n-fragment emission probabilities for the 36Ar + 197Au reaction extend consistently to the charge distributions and strengthen the hypothesis of the important role of phase space in describing multifragmentation. On the other hand, they have investigated charge correlation functions of multi-fragment decays to search for the enhanced production of nearly equal-sized fragments predicted in several theoretical works.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
In recent years, multifragmentation of nuclear systems has been extensively studied, and many efforts have been made to clarify the underlying physics. However, no clear consensus exists on the mechanism for multifragmentation. Is the emission of intermediate mass fragments (IMF: 3 (less-than or equal to) Z (less-than or equal to) 20) a dynamical process (brought on by the occurrence of instabilities of one form or another) or a statistical process (i.e. the decay probabilities are proportional to a suitably defined exit channel phase space)? Historically the charge (mass) distribution has played and still plays a very important role in characterizing multifragmentation. Since this subject's inception, the near power-law shape of the charge and mass distributions was considered an indication of criticality for the hot nuclear fluid produced in light ion and heavy ion collisions. Here, the authors have studied different aspects of the charge distributions. The implications of the experimental evidence presented here are potentially far reaching. On the one hand, the thermal features observed in the n-fragment emission probabilities for the 36Ar + 197Au reaction extend consistently to the charge distributions and strengthen the hypothesis of the important role of phase space in describing multifragmentation. On the other hand, they have investigated charge correlation functions of multi-fragment decays to search for the enhanced production of nearly equal-sized fragments predicted in several theoretical works.
Author: Wolfgang Bauer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461549051
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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th The 13 Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics is the latest installment in a series of workshops that was started in 1978. This series has grown into a tradition, bringing together experimental and theoretical expertise from all areas of the study of nuclear dynamics. As always, the organizers had placed emphasis on the important aspect of cross fertilization between the different energy regimes and wa.ys of viewing a collision of energetic nuclei. This emphasis is reflected in the broad range of topics covered in these proceedings. Phase transitions in nuclear collisions received most of the attention during this workshop, as indicated by the number of contributions on this subject. Many of the questions in connection with these topics remain not settled and will have a huge impact on the physics that can be extracted from experiments at the future Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. While the experimental program at the AGS is winding down, the NSCL upgrade and RHIC promise a bright future for our field in the USA. In Europe and Asia, major new facilities are under construction as well. The excitement and anticipation in connection with these new opportunities are reflected in these proceedings as well. Wolfgang Bauer Michigan State University Alice Mignerey University of Maryland v PREVIOUS WORKSHOPS The following table contains a list of the dates and locations of the previous Winter Workshops on Nuclear Dynamics as well as the members of the organizing committees. The chairpersons of the conferences are underlined.
Author:
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Physics
Languages : en
Pages : 1332
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Author: Simone Marzani
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030157091
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
This concise primer reviews the latest developments in the field of jets. Jets are collinear sprays of hadrons produced in very high-energy collisions, e.g. at the LHC or at a future hadron collider. They are essential to and ubiquitous in experimental analyses, making their study crucial. At present LHC energies and beyond, massive particles around the electroweak scale are frequently produced with transverse momenta that are much larger than their mass, i.e., boosted. The decay products of such boosted massive objects tend to occupy only a relatively small and confined area of the detector and are observed as a single jet. Jets hence arise from many different sources and it is important to be able to distinguish the rare events with boosted resonances from the large backgrounds originating from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This requires familiarity with the internal properties of jets, such as their different radiation patterns, a field broadly known as jet substructure. This set of notes begins by providing a phenomenological motivation, explaining why the study of jets and their substructure is of particular importance for the current and future program of the LHC, followed by a brief but insightful introduction to QCD and to hadron-collider phenomenology. The next section introduces jets as complex objects constructed from a sequential recombination algorithm. In this context some experimental aspects are also reviewed. Since jet substructure calculations are multi-scale problems that call for all-order treatments (resummations), the bases of such calculations are discussed for simple jet quantities. With these QCD and jet physics ingredients in hand, readers can then dig into jet substructure itself. Accordingly, these notes first highlight the main concepts behind substructure techniques and introduce a list of the main jet substructure tools that have been used over the past decade. Analytic calculations are then provided for several families of tools, the goal being to identify their key characteristics. In closing, the book provides an overview of LHC searches and measurements where jet substructure techniques are used, reviews the main take-home messages, and outlines future perspectives.
Author: General Giulio Douhet
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN: 1782898522
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
In the pantheon of air power spokesmen, Giulio Douhet holds center stage. His writings, more often cited than perhaps actually read, appear as excerpts and aphorisms in the writings of numerous other air power spokesmen, advocates-and critics. Though a highly controversial figure, the very controversy that surrounds him offers to us a testimonial of the value and depth of his work, and the need for airmen today to become familiar with his thought. The progressive development of air power to the point where, today, it is more correct to refer to aerospace power has not outdated the notions of Douhet in the slightest In fact, in many ways, the kinds of technological capabilities that we enjoy as a global air power provider attest to the breadth of his vision. Douhet, together with Hugh “Boom” Trenchard of Great Britain and William “Billy” Mitchell of the United States, is justly recognized as one of the three great spokesmen of the early air power era. This reprint is offered in the spirit of continuing the dialogue that Douhet himself so perceptively began with the first edition of this book, published in 1921. Readers may well find much that they disagree with in this book, but also much that is of enduring value. The vital necessity of Douhet’s central vision-that command of the air is all important in modern warfare-has been proven throughout the history of wars in this century, from the fighting over the Somme to the air war over Kuwait and Iraq.
Author: Christian W. Fabjan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030353184
Category : Elementary particles (Physics).
Languages : en
Pages : 1083
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This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Author: John Dewey
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN:
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
. Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable distinction between living and inanimate things is that the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of the blow struck, it remains outwardly unchanged. Otherwise, it is shattered into smaller bits. Never does the stone attempt to react in such a way that it may maintain itself against the blow, much less so as to render the blow a contributing factor to its own continued action. While the living thing may easily be crushed by superior force, it none the less tries to turn the energies which act upon it into means of its own further existence. If it cannot do so, it does not just split into smaller pieces (at least in the higher forms of life), but loses its identity as a living thing. As long as it endures, it struggles to use surrounding energies in its own behalf. It uses light, air, moisture, and the material of soil. To say that it uses them is to say that it turns them into means of its own conservation. As long as it is growing, the energy it expends in thus turning the environment to account is more than compensated for by the return it gets: it grows. Understanding the word "control" in this sense, it may be said that a living being is one that subjugates and controls for its own continued activity the energies that would otherwise use it up. Life is a self-renewing process through action upon the environment.
Author: Doug Reilly
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780160327247
Category : Non-destructive testing
Languages : en
Pages : 700
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Author: Yuri Dokshitzer
Publisher: Atlantica Séguier Frontières
ISBN: 9782863321010
Category : Perturbation (Quantum dynamics).
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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