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Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451941692
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
This paper provides a description and analysis of recent developments in international capital markets and an assessment of the prospects for private financing flows. It focuses particularly on recent trends in liberalization and innovation in international financial markets, including relevant changes in supervision, and on developments in the debt situation, especially the factors that influence flows to developing countries. The pattern of current account imbalances among industrial countries, which have well-developed securities markets, has been a major factor in the shift of international financial flows toward international bond markets and away from the bank credit market. This shift would be even more apparent if foreign purchases in domestic bond markets were also incorporated. The increase in the swap market has been complemented by an expansion of the futures and options markets. These short-term hedging and arbitrage instruments have increased the scope for banks and nonbanks to cover financial risks associated with fluctuations in exchange and interest rates.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451941692
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
This paper provides a description and analysis of recent developments in international capital markets and an assessment of the prospects for private financing flows. It focuses particularly on recent trends in liberalization and innovation in international financial markets, including relevant changes in supervision, and on developments in the debt situation, especially the factors that influence flows to developing countries. The pattern of current account imbalances among industrial countries, which have well-developed securities markets, has been a major factor in the shift of international financial flows toward international bond markets and away from the bank credit market. This shift would be even more apparent if foreign purchases in domestic bond markets were also incorporated. The increase in the swap market has been complemented by an expansion of the futures and options markets. These short-term hedging and arbitrage instruments have increased the scope for banks and nonbanks to cover financial risks associated with fluctuations in exchange and interest rates.
Author: Mr.Bernard Laurens
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 9781557755629
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
In 1978, China embarked on a gradual but far-reaching reform of its economic system. This paper focuses on the achievements so far in reforming the financial sector, the legal framework for financial transactions, the payments system, and the monetary policy and foreign exchange system. It also analyzes the tasks ahead to achieve the goals set in these areas for the year 2000.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451943679
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
This paper examines the World Economic Outlook forecasting record for the principal performance indicators for the major industrial countries and corresponding aggregates and for groups of non-oil developing countries. Several criteria were used in evaluating the forecasts: the computation and evaluation of various summary statistics of forecast accuracy, bias, and efficiency; comparisons with alternative forecasts—naive forecasts and forecasts produced by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and by national forecasting agencies; the examination of turning-point errors and forecast performance in defined episodes; and, finally, some attempt to explain forecast error in terms of unanticipated developments in policy variables and oil prices. In judging the forecast performance of the World Economic Outlook, a number of points must be kept in mind. Most important, it has to be recognized that the period since the inception of the World Economic Outlook as a regular forecasting exercise has been extraordinarily rich in economic upheavals, which have made the odds against accurate forecasting formidable.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451940432
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
This paper summarizes major measures taken in the international exchange and trade systems in 1988 and developments in exchange arrangements and the evolution of exchange rates. The exchange arrangements adopted by members since 1973 cover a broad spectrum of degrees of flexibility, from single-currency pegs to a freely floating system. Most countries have adopted arrangements that fall clearly into one or another of the major categories of the present classification system adopted by the IMF in 1982, and countries with dual markets usually have one market that is clearly more important than the other, which allows accurate classification by major market. Changes in IMF members' arrangements for their currencies during this decade have shown a distinct tendency to move toward more flexible arrangements and away from single-currency pegs, continuing a trend that began in the mid-1970s. A qualitative sense of the significance of the trend toward more flexible arrangements can be conveyed by the degree that world trade is affected by countries adopting different arrangements.
Author: Y. Zhang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230373925
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
This book is a reinterpretation of China's international relations since 1949. Employing the notion and theory of international society, it offers a systematic examination of China's unique relationship with the society of states from its alienation in the 1950s and the 1960s to its political socialisation and economic integration in the 1980s and the 1990s. It explores how such a unique relationship has shaped and is likely to shape Chinese foreign policy. This book provides an entirely new perspective for our understanding of forces influencing Chinese foreign policy behaviour.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451941765
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
This paper provides an assessment of trends in the international capital markets, including most notably recent market shocks to the financial system and developments in the debt situation. It also reviews the scope of progress achieved over the last few years in strengthening the financial system. Given the extensive changes that have taken place in domestic and international financial markets, the authorities in all industrial countries have begun to adapt their supervisory and regulatory framework to reflect better the new financial environment. These efforts acquired added importance with the recent financial market shocks. The outlook for lending to developing countries that have experienced payments difficulties has deteriorated during the past year. For most of these countries, the prospect for a resumption of spontaneous general purpose bank lending appears very limited. In gauging the vulnerability of the financial system, it should be borne in mind that adverse economic circumstances affecting sovereign loans could have a simultaneous, negative impact on domestic credit quality. In some countries, bank exposures to energy, agriculture, real estate, shipping, and elements of heavy industry remain problematic.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451944373
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
This paper highlights that the performance of the world economy in the first half of 1988 has been considerably more satisfactory than was expected in the wake of the sharp stock market decline in October 1987. Output in industrial countries has grown strongly, world trade has been robust, and inflation appears to have remained under control. Moreover, the shifts in real trade flows induced by earlier exchange rate movements are at last beginning to have a visible effect on the payments imbalances of the three largest countries.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 972
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Book Description
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451943725
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
This paper describes the functioning of labor markets and to eliminate other structural obstacles to noninflationary growth. The decline in the price level in the home country will involve a rise in the real money supply and, if output is sluggish, this will result in an excess supply of money. This, in turn, will lead to a drop in the domestic interest rate and, given foreign interest rates, to a temporary depreciation of the exchange rate. Structural measures could also affect investment and the current account by raising the rate of return on capital in the home country. If capital is internationally mobile, a higher rate of return on capital would result in a rise in investment and a temporary deterioration in the home country’s current account, which will be financed by an inflow of foreign capital. The quantitative impact of financial market deregulation on the economy is rather uncertain.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451944330
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
This paper highlights that the first half of 1987 was characterized by considerable uncertainty about the world economic situation and prospects. Following a disappointing growth performance in industrial countries in 1986, and deterioration in the external financial position of many developing countries, signs of sluggishness in some indicators early in 1987 have given rise to concern that economic activity might weaken further in 1987 and next year. Such fears have been aggravated by the persistence of historically large imbalances on current account and increasing trade frictions.
