Interactions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in West Africa PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Interactions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in West Africa PDF full book. Access full book title Interactions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in West Africa by . Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) are genetically and antigenically related viruses with distinct epidemiologic and biologic properties. Since its discovery in West Africa in 1985, various studies have suggested differences between HIV-2 and HIV-1 in geographic distribution, distinct temporal trends in the epidemic spread, and dramatic differences in perinatal and sexual transmission. Studies of HIV-2 infected individuals have shown a significantly slower progression to AIDS. This dramatic difference in pathogenicity provides a unique opportunity to identify viral and host immune mechanisms involved in a closely related virus system that is predicted to have an attenuated phenotype in vivo. This view gave rise to the hypothesis that infection with HIV-2 might provide protection against subsequent infection with the more pathogenic HIV-1. The striking conclusion was that HIV-2 did provide approx. 60% protection against subsequent infection with HIV-1, now evaluated for over 13 years of study. The "natural experiment" of HIV-2's observed protection against HIV-1 infection represents an invaluable model in which important correlates of HIV-1 protection can be identified and characterized. We are hopeful that further comparative studies of these related immunodeficiency viruses will yield important information on the pathogenic mechanisms employed by HIV viruses and lead the way to the development of effective interventions for the prevention and control of the AIDS pandemic.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) are genetically and antigenically related viruses with distinct epidemiologic and biologic properties. Since its discovery in West Africa in 1985, various studies have suggested differences between HIV-2 and HIV-1 in geographic distribution, distinct temporal trends in the epidemic spread, and dramatic differences in perinatal and sexual transmission. Studies of HIV-2 infected individuals have shown a significantly slower progression to AIDS. This dramatic difference in pathogenicity provides a unique opportunity to identify viral and host immune mechanisms involved in a closely related virus system that is predicted to have an attenuated phenotype in vivo. This view gave rise to the hypothesis that infection with HIV-2 might provide protection against subsequent infection with the more pathogenic HIV-1. The striking conclusion was that HIV-2 did provide approx. 60% protection against subsequent infection with HIV-1, now evaluated for over 13 years of study. The "natural experiment" of HIV-2's observed protection against HIV-1 infection represents an invaluable model in which important correlates of HIV-1 protection can be identified and characterized. We are hopeful that further comparative studies of these related immunodeficiency viruses will yield important information on the pathogenic mechanisms employed by HIV viruses and lead the way to the development of effective interventions for the prevention and control of the AIDS pandemic.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788373228573
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 157
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Thomas J. Hope
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461496106
Category : AIDS (Disease)
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Saurabh Mehta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351058185
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 326
Get Book Here
Book Description
The world continues to lose more than a million lives each year to the HIV epidemic, and nearly two million individuals were infected with HIV in 2017 alone. The new Sustainable Development Goals, adopted by countries of the United Nations in September 2015, include a commitment to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Considerable emphasis on prevention of new infections and treatment of those living with HIV will be needed to make this goal achievable. With nearly 37 million people now living with HIV, it is a communicable disease that behaves like a noncommunicable disease. Nutritional management is integral to comprehensive HIV care and treatment. Improved nutritional status and weight gain can increase recovery and strength of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, improve dietary diversity and caloric intake, and improve quality of life. This book highlights evidence-based research linking nutrition and HIV and identifies research gaps to inform the development of guidelines and policies for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. A comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions is likely to maximize the benefit of antiretroviral therapy in preventing HIV disease progression and other adverse outcomes in HIV-infected men and women. Modification of nutritional status has been shown to enhance the quality of life of those suffering HIV/AIDS, both physically in terms of improved body mass index and immunological markers, and psychologically, by improving symptoms of depression. While the primary focus for those infected should remain on antiretroviral treatment and increasing its availability and coverage, improvement of nutritional status plays a complementary role in the management of HIV infection.
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 36
Get Book Here
Book Description
The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.
Author: W. David Hardy
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190493097
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 617
Get Book Here
Book Description
Completely updated for 2017, Fundamentals of HIV Medicine is a comprehensive clinical care publication for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Published by the American Academy of HIV Medicine, the book offers physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, and other care providers the most up-to-date overview of the latest HIV treatments and guidelines plus online access to CME. The online access expires August 2018. Embodying the AAHIVM's commitment to promoting uniform excellence in care of seropositive patients, Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2017 empowers health professionals to deliver standardized, life-sustaining treatment to the patients who need it most. It will serve as an essential clinical reference and provide valuable career enrichment to users across the spectrum of HIV care, treatment, and prevention.
Author: Shailendra K. Saxena
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535110578
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 484
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book gives a comprehensive overview of HIV and AIDS including NeuroAIDS, as well as general concepts of pathology, immunity and immunopathology, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology and etiology to current clinical recommendations in management of HIV/AIDS including NeuroAIDS, highlighting the ongoing issues, recent advances and future directions in diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.
Author: Kevin M. De Cock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Rogier Willem Sanders
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
ISBN: 9789053566671
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 342
Get Book Here
Book Description
The need for a vaccine against HIV is obvious, but the development of an effective vaccine has met with frustrations. The HIV envelope glycoproteins, residing in the viral membrane, are the sole viral proteins exposed on the outside of virus particles and.
Author: Gianfranco Pancino
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123877156
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Get Book Here
Book Description
A successful vaccine for the prevention and/or immunotherapy against HIV/AIDS is one of the prominent challenges of the 21st century. To date, all human vaccine trials against this virus/disease have resulted in failure, or at best have shown very low efficacy. The scientific community dealing with HIV/AIDS has unanimously proposed a focus on basic science, with the intention of identifying correlates of protection that can serve as guides in developing and evaluating vaccine preparation. However, Nature seems to have already found several ways of dealing with infections by HIV and related primate lentiviruses, either by resisting infection or, once infected, avoiding immune damage and immunodeficiency. Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV will allow for an in-depth reflection on the perspectives for vaccine and therapy research derived from important recent studies. It will be authored by some of the most well known specialists in the field of HIV resistance/protection: including F. Barré-Sinoussi (2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine winner), B. Walker, S. Rowland-Jones, A. Telenti, M. Lederman and F. Plummer. This book is structured in a unique way, looking at three models of resistance/protection separately and then comparing the models against one another to provide its readership with a detailed examination of the research that is most predominant in the search for a vaccine. This structure presents the information in an easy-to-understand format and gives the book a cross-discipline appeal -- an important reference for those in the scientific community, medical care, public health and academia alike. Provides extensive descriptions and comparisons on the different models of protection agains HIV/AIDS Comprehensive writing and illustrations Contributors are among the most eminent specialists in the field
