Author: Klaus D. Timmerhaus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468487566
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 614
Book Description
Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.
Cryogenic Process Engineering
Author: Klaus D. Timmerhaus
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468487566
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 614
Book Description
Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468487566
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 614
Book Description
Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.
Liquefied Natural Gas
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 790
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 790
Book Description
NBS Special Publication
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Book Description
Calibration and Related Measurement Services of the National Bureau of Standards
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Calibration
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Calibration
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
Calibration and Related Measurement Services of the National Bureau of Standards
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Office of Measurement Services
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Calibration
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Calibration
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Book Description
Simply Explained 293 Lab Instruments Businesses
Author: Mansoor Muallim
Publisher: M M Infocare
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 884
Book Description
Acoustic Microscopy Equipment Production 1. Market Overview: The global market for acoustic microscopy equipment production has been witnessing significant growth over the past decade. Acoustic microscopy is a non-destructive imaging technology used in various industries, such as electronics, materials science, and life sciences. The market's growth can be attributed to increasing quality control demands, technological advancements, and the expansion of industries where acoustic microscopy is applicable. Market Size (2022): Approximately $350 million Projected Compound Annual Average Growth Rate (CAAGR): 7.5% (2022-2027) 2. Market Segmentation: The acoustic microscopy equipment production market can be segmented into the following categories: a. Type of Microscope • Scanning Acoustic Microscopes (SAM) • C-mode Scanning Acoustic Microscopes • Non-Contact Acoustic Microscopes (NCAM) • Others b. Industry Application • Electronics • Materials Science • Life Sciences • Semiconductor • Automotive • Aerospace • Others c. Region • North America • Europe • Asia-Pacific • Latin America • Middle East & Africa 3. Regional Analysis: • North America: Holds a significant market share due to a strong presence of electronics and semiconductor industries. • Europe: Witnessing growth in materials science and life sciences applications. • Asia-Pacific: Emerging as a manufacturing hub for electronics and semiconductors, driving market growth. • Latin America and Middle East & Africa: Showing potential due to increased investment in research and development. 4. Market Drivers: • Technological Advancements: Continuous innovation in imaging technologies and data analysis. • Quality Control Demands: Increasing focus on product quality and reliability. • Growing Semiconductor Industry: Increasing usage of acoustic microscopy for defect analysis. • Emerging Medical and Life Sciences Applications: Expanding applications in healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. 5. Market Challenges: • High Initial Investment: Acoustic microscopy equipment can be costly. • Complexity of Data Analysis: Requires skilled operators for accurate results. • Market Competition: A growing number of players entering the market. • Economic Uncertainty: Market fluctuations due to economic factors. 6. Opportunities: • Miniaturization Trends: Opportunities for compact and portable acoustic microscopes. • Automation: Increasing demand for automated inspection systems. • Expansion in Emerging Markets: Untapped potential in regions like Asia-Pacific. • Cross-Industry Collaboration: Synergies between various industries can lead to new applications. 7. Future Outlook: The global acoustic microscopy equipment production market is poised for significant growth, driven by technological advancements, increased quality control demands, and the expanding scope of applications. The market is expected to reach a value of approximately $550 million by 2027, with a projected CAAGR of 7.5%. Conclusion: The global acoustic microscopy equipment production market offers substantial growth opportunities across various industries and regions. With technological advancements and increased quality control requirements, this market is expected to maintain a healthy growth rate in the coming years, making it an attractive investment for both existing and new players in the industry. Companies that focus on innovation, automation, and global expansion are likely to thrive in this dynamic market.
Publisher: M M Infocare
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 884
Book Description
Acoustic Microscopy Equipment Production 1. Market Overview: The global market for acoustic microscopy equipment production has been witnessing significant growth over the past decade. Acoustic microscopy is a non-destructive imaging technology used in various industries, such as electronics, materials science, and life sciences. The market's growth can be attributed to increasing quality control demands, technological advancements, and the expansion of industries where acoustic microscopy is applicable. Market Size (2022): Approximately $350 million Projected Compound Annual Average Growth Rate (CAAGR): 7.5% (2022-2027) 2. Market Segmentation: The acoustic microscopy equipment production market can be segmented into the following categories: a. Type of Microscope • Scanning Acoustic Microscopes (SAM) • C-mode Scanning Acoustic Microscopes • Non-Contact Acoustic Microscopes (NCAM) • Others b. Industry Application • Electronics • Materials Science • Life Sciences • Semiconductor • Automotive • Aerospace • Others c. Region • North America • Europe • Asia-Pacific • Latin America • Middle East & Africa 3. Regional Analysis: • North America: Holds a significant market share due to a strong presence of electronics and semiconductor industries. • Europe: Witnessing growth in materials science and life sciences applications. • Asia-Pacific: Emerging as a manufacturing hub for electronics and semiconductors, driving market growth. • Latin America and Middle East & Africa: Showing potential due to increased investment in research and development. 4. Market Drivers: • Technological Advancements: Continuous innovation in imaging technologies and data analysis. • Quality Control Demands: Increasing focus on product quality and reliability. • Growing Semiconductor Industry: Increasing usage of acoustic microscopy for defect analysis. • Emerging Medical and Life Sciences Applications: Expanding applications in healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. 5. Market Challenges: • High Initial Investment: Acoustic microscopy equipment can be costly. • Complexity of Data Analysis: Requires skilled operators for accurate results. • Market Competition: A growing number of players entering the market. • Economic Uncertainty: Market fluctuations due to economic factors. 6. Opportunities: • Miniaturization Trends: Opportunities for compact and portable acoustic microscopes. • Automation: Increasing demand for automated inspection systems. • Expansion in Emerging Markets: Untapped potential in regions like Asia-Pacific. • Cross-Industry Collaboration: Synergies between various industries can lead to new applications. 7. Future Outlook: The global acoustic microscopy equipment production market is poised for significant growth, driven by technological advancements, increased quality control demands, and the expanding scope of applications. The market is expected to reach a value of approximately $550 million by 2027, with a projected CAAGR of 7.5%. Conclusion: The global acoustic microscopy equipment production market offers substantial growth opportunities across various industries and regions. With technological advancements and increased quality control requirements, this market is expected to maintain a healthy growth rate in the coming years, making it an attractive investment for both existing and new players in the industry. Companies that focus on innovation, automation, and global expansion are likely to thrive in this dynamic market.
Miscellaneous Publication - National Bureau of Standards
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 126
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 126
Book Description
Index to Foreign Production and Commercial Reports
Author: United States. Bureau of International Commerce
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commerce
Languages : en
Pages : 258
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commerce
Languages : en
Pages : 258
Book Description
Cumulative Index to Foreign Production and Commercial Reports
Author: United States. Bureau of International Commerce
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commerce
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commerce
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
Industrial Gas Handbook
Author: Frank G. Kerry
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420008269
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 552
Book Description
Drawing on Frank G. Kerry's more than 60 years of experience as a practicing engineer, the Industrial Gas Handbook: Gas Separation and Purification provides from-the-trenches advice that helps practicing engineers master and advance in the field. It offers detailed discussions and up-to-date approaches to process cycles for cryogenic separation of
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420008269
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 552
Book Description
Drawing on Frank G. Kerry's more than 60 years of experience as a practicing engineer, the Industrial Gas Handbook: Gas Separation and Purification provides from-the-trenches advice that helps practicing engineers master and advance in the field. It offers detailed discussions and up-to-date approaches to process cycles for cryogenic separation of