Innovative Multidimensional Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Fatty Acids in Complex Sample Matrices PDF Download
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Author: Xu Zeng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
The determination and accurate identification of fatty acids (FAs) in biological samples remain challenging due to the complexity of these compounds and confounding sample matrix effects. This thesis highlights a range of method developments and applications using advanced multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) and comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) techniques, coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for FA profiling and structural identification.An investigation of appropriate combinations of stationary phases was studied prior to the subsequent multidimensional analytical method development. Recently introduced ionic liquid (IL) capillary GC stationary phases covering a wide polarity range have been evaluated for fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis in terms of their elution patterns and retention indices (e,g. ECL) on the IL columns.The performance of a newly proposed integrated GCxGC / heart-cut (H/C) MDGC-FID method for isomeric PUFA separation was then evaluated. As a practical application, abundant long chain UFA isomers with carbon numbers ranging from 18 to 22 in marine oil, as well as a dairy food product, can almost be fully separated by using GCxGC. Additionally, more than 7 other FA compounds were found in the same region by switching the system to H/C MDGC-FID under a modified GC condition. Both these applications employed fast analysis conditions.Next, GCxGC was coupled to the quadrupole-accurate mass time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS). This was done to achieve accurate detection and structural confirmation of individual known or unknown branched FA obtained through predicted empirical formula and accurate mass information. The approach was applied to phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) from complex forest soil samples in order to investigate the microbial community. Several high abundance branched hydroxyl- (OH-), iso-/anteiso- and cyclopropyl- (cy-) FAME were clearly determined. Tentative identities of trace level OH-FAME and unusual epoxidised FAME were found according to their predicted empirical formulae and elemental compositions. Epoxidised FA were previously found in the metabolic pathway of a Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus megaterium. The findings indicate that this approach has great potential towards fingerprinting and FA biomarker discovery in environmental research. Lastly, comprehensive fast GCxMS with a positive chemical ionisation mode (PCI) was proposed for FA analysis in medical studies. Method performance was evaluated by application to different types of FAs including PUFAMEs and bacterial FAMEs (e.g. branched FAMEs) as well as to real biological samples (e.g. wild type and transgenic mouse brains associated with Alzheimer's disease). Methanol was selected as the most appropriate PCI chemical reagent for total FA profiling. A comparison of both rapid comprehensive GCxPCI-QMS and GCxGC approaches, for fast screening capabilities and the rapid quantitative determination of long chain PUFA isomers in mice brain associated with Alzheimer's disease, was conducted in this study. An evaluation of both methods was based on the comparison of their 2D presentations, calibration linearity and minimum levels of detection. Fast GCxMS data demonstrated the good quantification potential of this approach towards biological FA analysis, especially in medical studies.
Author: Xu Zeng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
The determination and accurate identification of fatty acids (FAs) in biological samples remain challenging due to the complexity of these compounds and confounding sample matrix effects. This thesis highlights a range of method developments and applications using advanced multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) and comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) techniques, coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for FA profiling and structural identification.An investigation of appropriate combinations of stationary phases was studied prior to the subsequent multidimensional analytical method development. Recently introduced ionic liquid (IL) capillary GC stationary phases covering a wide polarity range have been evaluated for fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis in terms of their elution patterns and retention indices (e,g. ECL) on the IL columns.The performance of a newly proposed integrated GCxGC / heart-cut (H/C) MDGC-FID method for isomeric PUFA separation was then evaluated. As a practical application, abundant long chain UFA isomers with carbon numbers ranging from 18 to 22 in marine oil, as well as a dairy food product, can almost be fully separated by using GCxGC. Additionally, more than 7 other FA compounds were found in the same region by switching the system to H/C MDGC-FID under a modified GC condition. Both these applications employed fast analysis conditions.Next, GCxGC was coupled to the quadrupole-accurate mass time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS). This was done to achieve accurate detection and structural confirmation of individual known or unknown branched FA obtained through predicted empirical formula and accurate mass information. The approach was applied to phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) from complex forest soil samples in order to investigate the microbial community. Several high abundance branched hydroxyl- (OH-), iso-/anteiso- and cyclopropyl- (cy-) FAME were clearly determined. Tentative identities of trace level OH-FAME and unusual epoxidised FAME were found according to their predicted empirical formulae and elemental compositions. Epoxidised FA were previously found in the metabolic pathway of a Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus megaterium. The findings indicate that this approach has great potential towards fingerprinting and FA biomarker discovery in environmental research. Lastly, comprehensive fast GCxMS with a positive chemical ionisation mode (PCI) was proposed for FA analysis in medical studies. Method performance was evaluated by application to different types of FAs including PUFAMEs and bacterial FAMEs (e.g. branched FAMEs) as well as to real biological samples (e.g. wild type and transgenic mouse brains associated with Alzheimer's disease). Methanol was selected as the most appropriate PCI chemical reagent for total FA profiling. A comparison of both rapid comprehensive GCxPCI-QMS and GCxGC approaches, for fast screening capabilities and the rapid quantitative determination of long chain PUFA isomers in mice brain associated with Alzheimer's disease, was conducted in this study. An evaluation of both methods was based on the comparison of their 2D presentations, calibration linearity and minimum levels of detection. Fast GCxMS data demonstrated the good quantification potential of this approach towards biological FA analysis, especially in medical studies.
Author: Peter Q Tranchida
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788011279
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Gas chromatography is widely used in applications involving food analysis. Typical applications pertain to the quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of food composition, natural products, food additives, and flavour and aroma components. Providing an up-to-date look at the significant advances in the technology, this book includes details on novel sample preparation processes; conventional, high-speed multidimensional gas chromatography systems, including preparative instrumentation; gas chromatography–olfactometry principles; and, finally, chemometrics principles and applications in food analysis. Aimed at providing the food researcher or analyst with detailed analytical information related to advanced gas chromatography technologies, this book is suitable for professionals and postgraduate students learning about the technique in the food industry and research.
Author:
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0444626247
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been the technique of choice of analytical scientists for many years. The latest developments in instrumentation, including tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) and time-of-flight (TOF) detectors, have opened up and broadened the scope of environmental analytical chemistry. This book summarizes the major advances and relevant applications of GC-MS techniques over the last 10 years, with chapters by leading authors in the field of environmental chemistry. The authors are drawn from academia, industry and government. The book is organized in three main parts. Part I covers applications of basic GC-MS to solve environmental-related problems. Part II focuses on GC-MS-MS instrumentation for the analyses of a broad range of analysis in environmental samples (pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, etc.). Part III covers the use of more advanced GC-MS techniques using low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry for many applications related to the environment, food and industry. - Summarizes the major advances of GC-MS techniques in the last decade - Presents relevant applications of GC-MS techniques - Covers academic, industrial and governmental sectors
Author: Xinghua Guo
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535112279
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
For decades gas chromatography has been and will remain an irreplaceable analytical technique in many research areas for both quantitative analysis and qualitative characterization/identification, which is still supplementary with HPLC. This book highlights a few areas where significant advances have been reported recently and/or a revisit of basic concepts is deserved. It provides an overview of instrumental developments, frontline and modern research as well as practical industrial applications. The topics include GC-based metabolomics in biomedical, plant and microbial research, natural products as well as characterization of aging of synthetic materials and industrial monitoring, which are contributions of several experts from different disciplines. It also contains best hand-on practices of sample preparation (derivatization) and data processing in daily research. This book is recommended to both basic and experienced researchers in gas chromatography.
Author: Joy Renee Klosterman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acid-forming emissions
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Book Description
Author: Goran Odham
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146844526X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 452
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Book Description
During recent years there has been increasing interest in the value of a number of chemical and physical-chemical analytical methods for the detection and characterization of microorganisms. Furthermore, such methods are currently used in studies on microbial metabolic processes, on the role of microorganisms in the turnover of inorganic and organic compounds, and on the impact on environmental changes by microbial activity. Moreover, the introduction of some of these methods not only shortens the analytical time period compared to ·'traditional" techniques, but also improves the analytical quality. Mass spectrometry (MS) combined with chromatographic inlet systems, particularly gas chromatography (GC), belongs to those methods which during recent years have established their value for the above-mentioned purposes. The present volume starts with basic chapters on the principles for MS and common inlet systems, particulary Gc. It discusses applications of these techniques to a number of microbiological disciplines, e.g., ecologi cal and medical microbiology. Emphasis is laid on organic compound classes vii viii / PREFACE of special relevance to microbiology, e.g., volatiles, lipids, amino acids, peptides and carbohydrates. Some compound classes of a more general biochemical rather than specific microbiological importance, e.g., steroids and nucleotides, are dealt with briefly. The editors wish to thank all those who have contributed to this book. We hope it will stimulate further research in this futuristic field and will be of practical value.
Author: Diane C Turner
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782629289
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful way to analyse a range of substances. It is used in everything from food safety to medicine. It has even been used to protect endangered vultures through analysis of poisonous pesticide molecules in their environment! I want to apply this technique, where do I begin? Is GC-MS is the right technique to use? How do I prepare my samples and calibrate the instruments? This textbook has the answers to all these questions and more. Throughout the book, case studies illustrate the practical process, the techniques used and any common challenges. Newcomers can easily search for answers to their question and find clear advice with coloured images on how to get started and all subsequent steps involved in using GC-MS as part of a research process. Readers will find information on collecting and preparing samples, designing and validating methods, analysing results, and troubleshooting. Examples of pollutant, food, oil and fragrance analysis bring the theory to life. The authors use their extensive experience teaching GC-MS theory and practice and draw on their combined backgrounds applying the technique in academic and industry settings to bring this practical reference together. The authors also design and teach the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Pan Africa Chemistry Network GC-MS course, which is supported by GSK.
Author: Aviv Amirav
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA
ISBN: 1649971427
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with supersonic molecular beams (SMB) (also named GC-MS with Cold EI) is based on GC and MS interface with a SMB and on the electron ionization (EI) of vibrationally cold analytes in the SMB (hence the name Cold EI) in a contact-free fly-through ion source. Cold EI improves all the central GC-MS performance aspects and brings a broad range of important benefits thereby leading the way to the future of GC-MS. Cold EI provides enhanced molecular ions combined with effective library-basedsample identification. Sample identification is further improved by the use of powerful TAMI software that is based on isotope abundance analysis and improved quadrupole mass accuracy for the provision of the sample elemental formula from its molecular ion group of isotopologues.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789402805611
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Author: O. David Sparkman
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080920152
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 633
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Book Description
The second edition of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Guide follows the highly successful first edition by F.G. Kitson, B.S. Larsen, and C.N. McEwen (1996), which was designed as an indispensible resource for GC/MS practitioners regardless of whether they are a novice or well experienced. The Fundamentals section has been extensively reworked from the original edition to give more depth of an understanding of the techniques and science involved with GC/MS. Even with this expansion, the original brevity and simple didactic style has been retained. Information on chromatographic peak deconvolution has been added along with a more in-depth understanding of the use of mass spectral databases in the identification of unknowns. Since the last edition, a number of advances in GC inlet systems and sample introduction techniques have occurred, and they are included in the new edition. Other updates include a discussion on fast GC and options for combining GC detectors with mass spectrometry. The section regarding GC Conditions, Derivatization, and Mass Spectral Interpretation of Specific Compound Types has the same number of compound types as the original edition, but the information in each section has been expanded to not only explain some of the spectra but to also explain why certain fragmentations take place. The number of Appendices has been increased from 12 to 17. The Appendix on Atomic Masses and Isotope Abundances has been expanded to provide tools to aid in determination of elemental composition from isotope peak intensity ratios. An appendix with examples on "Steps to follow in the determination of elemental compositions based on isotope peak intensities" has been added. Appendices on whether to use GC/MS or LC/MS, third-party software for use in data analysis, list of information required in reporting GC/MS data, X+1 and X+2 peak relative intensities based on the number of atoms of carbon in an ion, and list of available EI mass spectral databases have been added. Others such as the ones on derivatization, isotope peak patterns for ions with Cl and/or Br, terms used in GC and in mass spectrometry, and tips on setting up, maintaining and troubleshooting a GC/MS system have all been expanded and updated. - Covers the practical instruction necessary for successful operation of GC/MS equipment - Reviews the latest advances in instrumentation, ionization methods, and quantitation - Includes troubleshooting techniques and a variety of additional information useful for the GC/MS practitioner - A true benchtop reference - A guide to a basic understanding of the components of a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) - Quick References to data interpretation - Ready source for information on new analyses
