Author: Yūzō Kōketsu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 532

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Tai Yuan Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lactation
Languages : en
Pages : 258

Get Book Here

Book Description
In primiparous sows, feed intake is generally insufficient to meet lactation demands during lactation. Inadequate nutrient supply increases mobilisation of body reserves during lactation and, as a consequence, affect subsequent reproduction. Excessive loss of body reserves during lactation is not only associated with delayed post-weaning oestrus and the size of the subsequent litter, but also increases culling rate and reduces sow longevity and the productivity of the breeding herd. The aim of the thesis was to develop a clear understanding of the impact of a negative energy balance during lactation affects reproductive performance of modern primiparous sows in Australia, and evaluate feeding strategies involving energy manipulations during crucial periods for improving subsequent litter size. In the first study, the associations of sow body weight changes during lactation and the body weight at weaning with subsequent reproductive performance were studied. By minimising body weight loss and maintain adequate body reserves at weaning through the supply of sufficient energy when rearing equal to or less than ten piglets during lactation, the post-weaning reproduction of modern primiparous sows may not be affected. In the second study, the carry-over effects of energy intake during the early antral phase and subsequent follicular phase on follicle recruitment and ovulation rate were assessed using a gilt model. Follicle size at the end of the luteal phase was greater for gilts that were previously fed at a high feed level. During the follicular phase, high feeding increased follicle size at Day 5 and plasma oestradiol concentration. Nevertheless, a low feed level during the luteal phase reduced ovulation rate and the number of embryo, and this was not counteracted by feed level during the follicular phase. Plasma progesterone concentration after ovulation was lower for gilts that were restricted-fed throughout the whole period than for other treatments. These results indicate that undernutrition during early antral follicular development may have a residual effect on follicle recruitment and quality. In the third study, the effects of substituting 1 kg of a standard lactation diet with 1 kg of a sugar-rich or fat-rich diet during late lactation on blood glucose and insulin changes were investigated. The results suggest that a sugar-enriched diet during the last week of lactation elevates circulating glucose and insulin concentrations, and may potentially improve post-weaning fertility in primiparous sows. Therefore, the fourth study investigated the effects of pre-weaning energy substitutions plus post-weaning altrenogest treatment as positive control on follicular development, endocrine characteristics and subsequent litter size in primiparous sows. The weaning-to-ovulation interval tended to be reduced in the sugar-rich treatment, although body weight loss during the treatment period, post-weaning follicle development, plasma oestradiol and pre-weaning leptin did not differ among treatments, except body weight loss was lower and leptin was higher in the altrenogest treatment. Post-ovulatory progesterone concentration in the sugar treatment was higher. Sows in the sugar-rich and altrenogest treatments had a greater proportion of litters with larger litter sizes. The outcome indicates that increasing circulating insulin and glucose concentrations during late lactation or a week of metabolic recovery positively improves subsequent litter size in primiparous sows. Industry will be able to achieve and improvement of reproductive performance by maximising energy intake (using an insulin-stimulating diet) during late lactation, or by post-weaning altrenogest administration for a week for energy restoration. Otherwise, adverse impacts of a negative energy balance during lactation will be carried over into the mating period, and will depress subsequent reproductive performance.

Author: Chantal Farmer
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9086868037
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 452

Get Book Here

Book Description
The last book on the lactating sow was published over 15 years ago. This new book brings us up to date in current knowledge on the gestating and lactating sow. It covers new and important topics such as conditioning of gilts for optimal reproductive performance, feeding high fibre diets to gestating sows and providing various fat sources in gestation and lactation. It also describes the several key success factors to group-housing systems in gestation, which is a must due to the current move towards group-housing. The new concept of transition feeding for sows is discussed, as well as the factors involved in mammary development of gilts and sows, both of which are instrumental for maximum colostrum and/or milk yields. The impact of the human-animal interactions on sow welfare and performance is discussed with focus on new handling practices that could be developed to overbalance the negative interactions inherent to pig management systems. Updates on must-have topics, such as amino acid and energy requirements of sows, colostrum and milk yield and composition, and sow health are also provided. The subjects covered in this book will assist animal scientists, nutritionists, veterinarians and swine producers in learning the most recent information on relevant and current topics affecting sow production, and in knowing which areas are in need of further research efforts.

Author: Thomas John Gall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sows
Languages : en
Pages : 116

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Paul Douglas Matzat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sows
Languages : en
Pages : 378

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: F. X. Aherne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lactation
Languages : en
Pages :

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Get Book Here

Book Description
Experiment one examined effects of season, parity, genotype, lactation length, and weaning-to-estrus interval on the postweaning duration of estrus (DE) and onset of estrus-to- ovulation interval (EOI) of sows in three farms. Farm x weaning-to-estrus interval, farm x season, and parity x season interactions for DE and EOI were detected. Weaning-to-estrus interval had an inverse relationship with DE and EOI on each farm, but the weaning-to-estrus interval range that exhibited a stepwise decrease of DE and EOI was narrower on farm 1 (3 to 5 days) than farms 2 and 3 (3 to 6 days). Both DE and EOI were 8 h longer in the summer than the spring on farms 1 and 3, but did not differ between seasons on farm 2. On each farm, parity e"3 sows had a 4.5 h longer DE and EOI than parity 1 and 2 sows in the summer, but there were no differences in DE or EOI among parity classes in the spring. Lactation length and genotype had small but significant effects on DE and EOI, respectively. Results of this experiment indicate that factors other than weaning-to-estrus interval, such as season and parity, can significantly alter DE and EOI. However, the effects of season and weaning- to-estrus interval on DE and EOI are apparently farm dependent. Experiment two characterized the urinary excretion of two markers of collagen degradation, hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) and lysyl pyridinoline (LP), by sows during postpartum uterine involution. A postpartum increase of HP excretion occurred that was temporally consistent with the known pattern of uterine weight loss during involution. The mean molar ratio of HP:LP increased postpartum and confirmed that catabolism of a soft, non-bone tissue dominates this period. Experiment three investigated the use of transabdominal ultrasonography to estimate uterine size. The distance between the abdominal wall and intestines, which sandwich the uterus, decreased 8.7 cm from day 1 to 18 postpartum. Validation of these two techniques to monitor postpart.

Author: Julia Perrine Holen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Get Book Here

Book Description
This dissertation is comprised of 5 chapters consisting of a review of literature on branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in lactation diets, a meta-regression analysis to evaluate the effects of BCAA on sow and litter growth performance, evaluation of the effects of essential fatty acids (EFA) in lactating sow diets on sow reproductive performance, colostrum and milk composition, and piglet survivability, supplementation of fat sources and pre-farrow EFA intake on lactating sow performance and EFA status, and the effects of increasing soybean meal in corn-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs. Chapter 1 presents a review of the literature on the effects of BCAA on sow mammary gland metabolism, colostrum and milk composition, and sow and litter performance. Chapter 2 describes a meta-regression analysis conducted to evaluate the effects of BCAA and their interactions in lactating sow diets to predict litter growth performance, sow bodyweight change, and sow feed intake. The results suggest that Ile, Leu, and Val play an important role in litter growth, sow bodyweight change, and sow feed intake during lactation; however, the influence of BCAA on these criteria is much smaller than that of other dietary components such as net energy, SID Lys, sow average daily feed intake, and crude protein. In Chapter 3, mixed-parity sows and their litters were used to evaluate the effects of EFA intake on sow reproductive performance, piglet growth and survivability, and colostrum and milk composition. Overall, sows consuming high EFA produced litters with heavier piglet weaning weights and greater litter average daily gain (ADG) when compared to litters from sows fed diets with low EFA. However, there was no impact of sow EFA intake on piglet survivability or subsequent sow reproductive performance. Chapter 4 describes a study evaluating the effects of supplemental fat sources and pre-farrow EFA intake on lactating sow and litter performance and EFA composition of colostrum, milk, and adipose tissue. The results suggest that providing dietary fat sources with high concentrations of EFA can increase colostrum linoleic acid and [alpha]-linolenic acid concentrations that are maintained throughout lactation. However, the changes in colostrum and milk composition did not alter litter growth performance in this experiment. Lastly, Chapter 5 presents three experiments that were conducted to determine the effects of increasing soybean meal levels in replacement of feed-grade amino acids in corn-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs raised in commercial facilities. The combined results of the three experiments suggest that inclusion at least 4 to 8% dietary SBM at the expense of feed-grade amino acids in corn-based diets with or without grain co-products can improve growth performance of late-finishing pigs.

Author: B. Close
Publisher: Context Products
ISBN: 9781899043446
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 386

Get Book Here

Book Description
This book aims to provide information to allow the development of appropriate feeding strategies for sows and boars. In addition to basic scientific knowledge, practical guidelines and indices of reproduction are given, commensurate with good performance, health and welfare. This comprehensive work will be an invaluable source of reference for students, research scientists, veterinarians and all those engaged in practical pig production. The central role of nutrition in the reproduction of farm animals has long been recognised. In the last two decades there have been considerable advances in our knowledge of sow and boar nutrition which has allowed the development of effective feeding strategies. Such progress will continue in order to meet the demands of ever-increasing product targets. Contents Preface Introduction The pre-breeding gilt Energy: responses and requirements Protein and amino acids Minerals Vitamins Water provision Appetite Diets

Author: Calvin Walker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sows
Languages : en
Pages : 28

Get Book Here

Book Description
An experiment was conducted with 51 control and 51 experimental confinement- managed purebred Yorkshire sows of various parities to (1) determine whether confinement-managed sows during lactation would exhibit estrus, mate, and conceive as a consequence of a daily regimen of a short period of separation from their litters, mixing sows together during the separation period, and exposure to a boar during this period; (2) assess effects of the experimental regimen on the preweaning and early postweaning performance of litters currently nursing; and (3) assess effects of the experimental regimen on size and performance to weaning of litters farrowed as a consequence of mating during lactation. Separation of dams from their litters for six hours a day for a minimum of seven and a maximum of 20 days during lactation resulted in occurrence of estrus and mating by 80% of sows during lactation with no adverse effect on preweaning performance of current and subsequent litters; 90% of the control sows mated during a 20 day period following weaning. Postweaning average daily gain and feed intake for the current litters of the experimental group sows during each of the three weeks of measurement was greater than for the litters from the control sows; these differences were statistically significant (P