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Author: Geir B. Asheim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Decision making
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Author: Geir B. Asheim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Decision making
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Author: Laurent Denant-Boèmont
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
We present new evidence from the lab on the outcomes resulting from collective and individual decisions over time. We combined static and longitudinal methods to test four conditions on individual and collective time preferences: impatience, stationarity, age independence, and dynamic consistency. The collective decision process was designed to favor coordination through initial communication over voting intentions. Our main results are the following. First, individuals were impatient and deviated from consistent behavior. On the other hand, groups made patient and highly consistent decisions. Our voting mechanism helped the groups to converge and make stable and dynamically consistent decisions.
Author: Antony Millner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Decision making
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
Recent work on collective intertemporal choice suggests that non-dictatorial social preferences are generically time inconsistent. We argue that this claim conflates time consistency with two distinct properties of preferences: stationarity and time invariance. While the conjunction of time invariance and stationarity implies time consistency, the converse does not hold. Although social preferences cannot be stationary, they may be time consistent if time invariance is abandoned. If individuals are discounted utilitarians, revealed preference provides no guidance on whether social preferences should be time consistent or time invariant. Nevertheless, we argue that time invariant social preferences are often normatively and descriptively problematic.
Author: Thomas J. Anastasio
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262544008
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
An argument that individuals and collectives form memories by analogous processes and a case study of collective retrograde amnesia. We form individual memories by a process known as consolidation: the conversion of immediate and fleeting bits of information into a stable and accessible representation of facts and events. These memories provide a version of the past that helps us navigate the present and is critical to individual identity. In this book, Thomas Anastasio, Kristen Ann Ehrenberger, Patrick Watson, and Wenyi Zhang propose that social groups form collective memories by analogous processes. Using facts and insights from neuroscience, psychology, anthropology, and history, they describe a single process of consolidation with analogous—not merely comparable—manifestations on any level, whether brain, family, or society. They propose a three-in-one model of memory consolidation, composed of a buffer, a relator, and a generalizer, all within the consolidating entity, that can explain memory consolidation phenomena on individual and collective levels. When consolidation is disrupted by traumatic injury to a brain structure known as the hippocampus, memories in the process of being consolidated are lost. In individuals, this is known as retrograde amnesia. The authors hypothesize a "social hippocampus" and argue that disruption at the collective level can result in collective retrograde amnesia. They offer the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) as an example of trauma to the social hippocampus and present evidence for the loss of recent collective memory in mainland Chinese populations that experienced the Cultural Revolution.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1382
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Book Description
Author: Jennifer Lackey
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191644099
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
We often talk about groups believing, knowing, and testifying. For instance, we ask whether the Bush Administration had good reasons for believing that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction, or whether BP knew that its equipment was faulty before the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Epistemic claims of this sort often have enormously significant consequences, given the ways they bear on the moral and legal responsibilities of collective entities. Despite the importance of these epistemic claims, there has been surprisingly little philosophical work shedding light on these phenomena, their consequences, and the broader implications that follow for epistemology in general. Essays in Collective Epistemology aims to fill this gap in the literature by bringing together new papers in this area by some of the leading figures in social epistemology. The volume is divided into four parts and contains ten articles written on a range of topics in collective epistemology. All of the papers focus on fundamental issues framing the epistemological literature on groups, and offer new insights or developments to the current debates: some do so by providing novel examinations of the epistemological relationship that groups bear to their members, while others point to new, cutting edge approaches to theorizing about concepts and issues related to collective entities. Anyone working in epistemology, or concerned with issues involving the social dimensions of knowledge, should find the papers in this book both interesting and valuable.
Author: Jonathan A. K. Cave
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Health behavior
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
Several analytical procedures can be used to place dollar values on the benefits of policies that reduce mortality. This report examines the sensitivity of such measures to age, time, and information effects. It derives benefits measures from a formal model of individual lifetime consumption decisions and applies them to several cases of policy interest. The author derives a number of policy recommendations from the research reported here: (1) base benefits assessments on full lifetable comparisons; (2) reexamine clinical and laboratory data in a way that permits economically meaningful risk assessment; (3) undertake ancillary studies of individual risk preference and time consistency; (4) avoid the use of human-capital or value-of-life measures whenever possible; and (5) take careful account of the timing and distribution of information when choosing policy options and measuring benefits.
Author: Craig E. Carroll
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1483376508
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1049
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Book Description
What creates corporate reputations and how should organizations respond? Corporate reputation is a growing research field in disciplines as diverse as communication, management, marketing, industrial and organizational psychology, and sociology. As a formal area of academic study, it is relatively young with roots in the 1980s and the emergence of specialized reputation rankings for industries, products/services, and performance dimensions and for regions. Such rankings resulted in competition between organizations and the alignment of organizational activities to qualify and improve standings in the rankings. In addition, today’s changing stakeholder expectations, the growth of advocacy, demand for more disclosures and greater transparency, and globalized, mediatized environments create new challenges, pitfalls, and opportunities for organizations. Successfully engaging, dealing with, and working through reputational challenges requires an understanding of options and tools for organizational decision-making and stakeholder engagement. For the first time, the vast and important field of corporate reputation is explored in the format of an encyclopedic reference. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Corporate Reputation comprehensively overviews concepts and techniques for identifying, building, measuring, monitoring, evaluating, maintaining, valuing, living up to and/or changing corporate reputations. Key features include: 300 signed entries are organized in A-to-Z fashion in 2 volumes available in a choice of electronic or print formats Entries conclude with Cross-References and Further Readings to guide students to in-depth resources. Although organized A-to-Z, a thematic “Reader’s Guide” in the front matter groups related entries by broad areas A Chronology provides historical perspective on the development of corporate reputation as a discrete field of study. A Resource Guide in the back matter lists classic books, key journals, associations, websites, and selected degree programs of relevance to corporate reputation. A General Bibliography will be accompanied by visual maps noting the relationships between the various disciplines touching upon corporate reputation studies. The work concludes with a comprehensive Index, which—in the electronic version—combines with the Reader’s Guide and Cross-References to provide thorough search-and-browse capabilities
Author: Barbara Kersley
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136007741
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
Based on the primary analysis of the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS 2004), this is the fifth book in the series which began in 1980, and which is considered to be one of the most authoritative sources of information on employment relations in Great Britain. Interviews were conducted with managers and employee representatives in over 3,000 workplaces, and over 20,000 employees returned a self-completion questionnaire. This survey links the views from these three parties, providing a truly integrated picture of employment relations. This book provides a descriptive mapping of employment relations, examining the principal features of the structures, practices and outcomes of workplace employment relations. The reader can explore differences according to the characteristics of the workplace and organization, including workplace size, industrial sector and ownership. Current debates are examined in detail, including an assessment of the impact of the Labour Government's programme of employment relations reform. A key reference from a respected and important institution, this book is a valuable 'sourcebook' for students, academics and practitioners in the fields of employee relations, human resource management, organizational behaviour and sociology. Visit the Companion website at http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/0415378133/
Author: Brian Wilcox
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134913893
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
Evaluation, whether in schools and colleges, LEAs or TECs is now universally recognised as an essential part of any effective educational and training system. There are, however, two major problems in its implementation: lack of time and a perceived lack among middle and senior managers of the special skills necessary for an evaluation to have external validity. This book provides a solution to both problems. It offers evaluation processes which accept time limitations and work within them an it strips away the mystique of evaluation to describe methods and procedures which will enable educational and training staff at all levels to organise and carry out useful evaluations. Administrators, teachers and trainers as well as the staff of local and national inspectorates will welcome its cogent and realistic guidance.
