Improving Access to HIV/AIDS Medicines in Africa PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Improving Access to HIV/AIDS Medicines in Africa PDF full book. Access full book title Improving Access to HIV/AIDS Medicines in Africa by Patrick Lumumba Osewe. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Patrick Lumumba Osewe
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821375458
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 84
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS) requires all WTO members to adopt certain minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property rights including the rights of holders of patents for pharmaceutical products. The adoption of the standards delineated by the TRIPS Agreement appears to have resulted in significant loss of public health policy flexibilities for developing country members with respect to regulating the grant and use of pharmaceutical patents and controlling the cost of medicines. The Agreement, however, provides inherent flexibilities that are to enable member countries to take adequate measures to safeguard pubic health. This Study analyzes the extent to which countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have been able to utilize the flexibilities to improve access to HIV/Aids medicines. This is done primarily in relation to the two regional intellectual property organizations, the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and Organisation Africaine de la Proprit Intellectuelle (OAPI), bearing in mind the close linkages between the legal instruments of these regional institutions and the domestic laws of their member countries. It has been observed that in spite of the availability of the flexibilities provided by the Agreement, obstacles to implementation in SSA center mainly on lack of awareness and political will and lack of efficient administrative structures and procedures for coordination and decision making. The Study also examines the option of local manufacture of HIV/Aids medicines, based on the experiences of four countries, evaluates challenges to the sustainability of this option in the SSA context andmakes recommendations based on key findings.
Author: Patrick Lumumba Osewe
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821375458
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 84
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPS) requires all WTO members to adopt certain minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property rights including the rights of holders of patents for pharmaceutical products. The adoption of the standards delineated by the TRIPS Agreement appears to have resulted in significant loss of public health policy flexibilities for developing country members with respect to regulating the grant and use of pharmaceutical patents and controlling the cost of medicines. The Agreement, however, provides inherent flexibilities that are to enable member countries to take adequate measures to safeguard pubic health. This Study analyzes the extent to which countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have been able to utilize the flexibilities to improve access to HIV/Aids medicines. This is done primarily in relation to the two regional intellectual property organizations, the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and Organisation Africaine de la Proprit Intellectuelle (OAPI), bearing in mind the close linkages between the legal instruments of these regional institutions and the domestic laws of their member countries. It has been observed that in spite of the availability of the flexibilities provided by the Agreement, obstacles to implementation in SSA center mainly on lack of awareness and political will and lack of efficient administrative structures and procedures for coordination and decision making. The Study also examines the option of local manufacture of HIV/Aids medicines, based on the experiences of four countries, evaluates challenges to the sustainability of this option in the SSA context andmakes recommendations based on key findings.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309212073
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Get Book Here
Book Description
HIV/AIDS is a catastrophe globally but nowhere more so than in sub-Saharan Africa, which in 2008 accounted for 67 percent of cases worldwide and 91 percent of new infections. The Institute of Medicine recommends that the United States and African nations move toward a strategy of shared responsibility such that these nations are empowered to take ownership of their HIV/AIDS problem and work to solve it.
Author: National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 36
Get Book Here
Book Description
The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.
Author: Yichen Lu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461445205
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 115
Get Book Here
Book Description
The book focuses on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment strategies in resource-poor settings. Contributors include HIV/AIDS researchers and public health administrators from the US, Africa, China, and Thailand. Several chapters, written by local health officials, take a close look at AIDS prevention and treatment in China at the community level. Other chapters cover issues of treatment scale-up, drug resistance, and mother-to-child transmission in Southern Africa and Thailand, and offer lessons learned for researchers in other developing countries. Overall the aim of this book is to bring some of the latest issues to the fore, and to foster exchange and collaboration between AIDS researchers in developing countries. This book grew out of an annual conference held in China and organized by the Harvard School of Public Health, and could possibly become the first volume of a series.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309457637
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 385
Get Book Here
Book Description
While much progress has been made on achieving the Millenium Development Goals over the last decade, the number and complexity of global health challenges has persisted. Growing forces for globalization have increased the interconnectedness of the world and our interdependency on other countries, economies, and cultures. Monumental growth in international travel and trade have brought improved access to goods and services for many, but also carry ongoing and ever-present threats of zoonotic spillover and infectious disease outbreaks that threaten all. Global Health and the Future Role of the United States identifies global health priorities in light of current and emerging world threats. This report assesses the current global health landscape and how challenges, actions, and players have evolved over the last decade across a wide range of issues, and provides recommendations on how to increase responsiveness, coordination, and efficiency â€" both within the U.S. government and across the global health field.
Author: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 226
Get Book Here
Book Description
This report presents three hypothetical case studies for how the AIDS epidemic in Africa could evolve over the next 20 years based on policy decisions taken today by African leaders and the rest of the world; and considers the factors likely to drive the future responses of African countries and the international community. The scenarios draw on the age-old tradition of story-telling, rather than using data projections, to explore the wider context of the AIDS epidemic, reflecting the complexity of the subject matter.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789241564052
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
When working with countries to measure and compare health systems functioning, it is important to strike a good balance between avoiding blueprints that do not allow for country contexts and specificities while also encouraging a degree of standardization that enables comparisons within and between countries as well as over time. Standardized indicators allow comparisons between countries and can help mutual learning, including the identification of bottlenecks and the sharing of lessons learned. This handbook does not attempt to cover all components of the health system or deal with the various monitoring and evaluation frameworks. Instead, it is structured around the WHO framework that describes health systems in terms of six core components or "building blocks": service delivery, health workforce, health information systems, medical products, vaccines and technologies, financing and leadership/governance. The selection of indicators was guided by the need to detect change and show progress in health systems strengthening. Indicators relate to both the level and distribution of inputs and outputs. While the focus is on low- and middle-income countries, experiences from high-income countries are also used to guide the development of measurement systems. Each section has proposed core indicators that all countries are encouraged to collect, plus a wider set of indicators that users can choose or modify as needed. It is anticipated that the core indicators will enable the production of country "dashboards" that contain the instruments by which health systems trends can be regularly monitored and compared. Countries should integrate new indicators with existing indicators of their health sector and statistical strategies and plans. Health systems monitoring should also be seen in the context of the indicators' impact on access to priority health services and their contribution to reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The handbook is divided into six sections, each of which covers one health system component or building block and is set out along the following lines: -introduction to the component and related indicators; -description of possible sources of information and available measurement strategies; -proposed "core indicators", supplemented, where necessary, by additional indicators that may be used depending on the country health system attributes and needs.
Author: Patrick Lumumba Osewe
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821375440
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 65
Get Book Here
Book Description
Providing access to affordable, good quality HIV/AIDS medicines remains a challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although patent protection is by no means the only barrier to access, it has significant implications for accessibility. Experiences from a number of countries show that local production of HIV/AIDS medicines depends not on research and technology, but also on highly regulated patents and intensive capital investment. These factors pose major challenges to African countries that have ventured into this undertaking. The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) requires all World Trade Organization members to adopt certain minimum standards for the protection of intellectual property rights, including the rights of pharmaceutical product patent holders. Improving Access to HIV/AIDS Medicines in Africa analyses the extent to which countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have been able to use flexibilities in the agreement to improve access to affordable antiretroviral (ARV) medicines. It also examines the option of local manufacture of ARV medicines - based on the experiences of Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, and Zimbabwe - and it evaluates factors that favor or hinder sustainable local production. Finally the book makes recommendations on how countries in the region can use the TRIPS flexibilities to improve access to life-saving medicines.
Author: Olasupo Owoeye
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429799225
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 291
Get Book Here
Book Description
A major target of Goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 is the elimination of ‘the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases’ and combating ‘hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases’. Intellectual property (IP) has been identified as one of the factors impeding access to affordable medicines in developing countries, especially in relation to the HIV pandemic. This book examines the scope of the existing flexibilities in international IP law for promoting access to medicines. It analyses the factors accounting for the underutilisation of the flexibilities in Africa and the measures that African countries may adopt to address the IP barriers to access to medicines. It explores the regional strategies that Africa can adopt to resolve the tension between IP regimes and access to medicines. It also highlights how trade liberalisation and regional integration can play crucial roles in enhancing the use of TRIPS flexibilities, local pharmaceutical manufacturing and access to medicines in Africa. By adopting qualitative research methods to investigate how African countries may effectively use IP to serve public health purposes through the stratagem of regional integration, this book will be a valuable contribution to the existing literature on IP.
Author: World Intellectual Property Organization
Publisher: WIPO
ISBN: 9280523082
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 259
Get Book Here
Book Description
This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.
