Author: Cynthia Whaley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Shoma Yamanouchi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Get Book Here

Book Description
This thesis examines total columns of C2H2, C2H6, CH4, CH3OH, CO, H2CO, HCl, HCN, HCOOH, HF, HNO3, N2O, NH3, and O3 measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study Toronto-area atmospheric composition. The thesis has three scientific objectives: to quantify trends in the time series of trace gas concentrations, to determine how emissions from biomass burning events affect air quality over Toronto and whether observations in Toronto can be used to quantify wildfire emissions, and to examine the spatial representativeness and temporal variability of the FTIR NH3 columns over Toronto.Trends and enhancement events were determined by fitting trended Fourier series to the total columns, and bootstrapping was used to identify the statistical significance. Trends from 2002 to 2019 were examined, and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model was used to identify major sources of CO and CH4 over Toronto, which were CH4 oxidation and wetland emissions, respectively. Transport of wildfire plumes over the site results in enhanced columns of biomass burning species. Several simultaneous enhancements of CO, HCN, and C2H6 were observed, and the measured columns were used to derive emission ratios and emission factors for HCN and C2H6 for fire events in 2012, 2015, and 2017. For the 2015 and 2017 events, simultaneous enhancements of HCOOH and CH3OH were observed, and their emission ratios and emission factors were also examined. Atmospheric NH3 is a pollutant, and a major source of fine particulate matter. In this study, three NH3 datasets were used: TAO FTIR total columns, three years of surface in situ measurements, and ten years of total column measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). The datasets were used to quantify NH3 temporal variability over Toronto, Canada. All three time series showed positive trends in NH3 over Toronto: 3.56 ± 0.85 %/year from 2002 to 2019 in the FTIR columns, 8.88 ± 5.08 %/year from 2013 to 2017 in the surface in situ data, and 8.38 ± 1.54 %/year from 2008 to 2018 in the IASI columns. The multiscale datasets were also compared to assess the representativeness of the FTIR measurements.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309445655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 227

Get Book Here

Book Description
Our world is changing at an accelerating rate. The global human population has grown from 6.1 billion to 7.1 billion in the last 15 years and is projected to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the century. The distribution of humans across the globe has also shifted, with more than 50 percent of the global population now living in urban areas, compared to 29 percent in 1950. Along with these trends, increasing energy demands, expanding industrial activities, and intensification of agricultural activities worldwide have in turn led to changes in emissions that have altered the composition of the atmosphere. These changes have led to major challenges for society, including deleterious impacts on climate, human and ecosystem health. Climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges facing society today. Air pollution is a major threat to human health, as one out of eight deaths globally is caused by air pollution. And, future food production and global food security are vulnerable to both global change and air pollution. Atmospheric chemistry research is a key part of understanding and responding to these challenges. The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research: Remembering Yesterday, Understanding Today, Anticipating Tomorrow summarizes the rationale and need for supporting a comprehensive U.S. research program in atmospheric chemistry; comments on the broad trends in laboratory, field, satellite, and modeling studies of atmospheric chemistry; determines the priority areas of research for advancing the basic science of atmospheric chemistry; and identifies the highest priority needs for improvements in the research infrastructure to address those priority research topics. This report describes the scientific advances over the past decade in six core areas of atmospheric chemistry: emissions, chemical transformation, oxidants, atmospheric dynamics and circulation, aerosol particles and clouds, and biogeochemical cycles and deposition. This material was developed for the NSF's Atmospheric Chemistry Program; however, the findings will be of interest to other agencies and programs that support atmospheric chemistry research.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 600

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Frank A. Bower
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351093835
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 239

Get Book Here

Book Description
The book, as originally conceived, was to be limited to technical considerations, but the scientific course of event has been so interwoven with non-scientific, but nevertheless related events, the authors felt necessary to include an account of this situation. Accordingly, the book is divided into five sections entitled: Stratospheric ozone Atmospheric processes influencing stratospheric ozone Does man influence stratospheric ozone Effects and research Public policy

Author: John A. Olmsted
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119133351
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 1190

Get Book Here

Book Description
Olmsted/Burk is an introductory general chemistry text designed specifically with Canadian professors and students in mind. A reorganized Table of Contents and inclusion of SI units, IUPAC standards, and Canadian content designed to engage and motivate readers distinguish this text from many of the current text offerings. It more accurately reflects the curriculum of most Canadian institutions. Instructors will find the text sufficiently rigorous while it engages and retains student interest through its accessible language and clear problem solving program without an excess of material that makes most text appear daunting and redundant.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : United States
Languages : en
Pages : 530

Get Book Here

Book Description
The official monthly record of United States foreign policy.

Author: S. Böhme
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662122782
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 569

Get Book Here

Book Description
Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is de voted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documentation of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, com pared to which our system of accumulating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 6 contains literature published in 1971 and received before March 15, 1972; some older liter ature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 652

Get Book Here

Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 898

Get Book Here

Book Description