Implications of the Vertical Distribution of Ozone in the Troposphere PDF Download
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Author: PR. Sticksel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Ozone observed within the troposphere, but above the planetary boundary layer, may arrive there by various routes--descent from the stratosphere, ascent from the surface, or descent from the stratosphere followed by ascent. Once ozone has left the lower stratosphere through a tropopause break it can be transported horizontally for several days before descending to the boundary layer. During this period it may remain as a discrete maximum within a dry, stable layer or undergo mixing with the surrounding air (which may include anthropogenic oxidant) producing an ozone concentration which is uniform with height, in a relatively moist layer. High amounts of stratospheric ozone existing within the troposphere can be expected within dry, stable layers which intersect low tropopauses. High concentrations of stratospheric ozone have been observed to accumulate above a subsidence inversion at the same time that anthropogenic oxidant produces smog below the inversion. Examples are given of the use of isentropic trajectories, ozone profiles, temperature-humidity soundings, and synoptic weather maps in the study of tropospheric ozone.
Author: PR. Sticksel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Ozone observed within the troposphere, but above the planetary boundary layer, may arrive there by various routes--descent from the stratosphere, ascent from the surface, or descent from the stratosphere followed by ascent. Once ozone has left the lower stratosphere through a tropopause break it can be transported horizontally for several days before descending to the boundary layer. During this period it may remain as a discrete maximum within a dry, stable layer or undergo mixing with the surrounding air (which may include anthropogenic oxidant) producing an ozone concentration which is uniform with height, in a relatively moist layer. High amounts of stratospheric ozone existing within the troposphere can be expected within dry, stable layers which intersect low tropopauses. High concentrations of stratospheric ozone have been observed to accumulate above a subsidence inversion at the same time that anthropogenic oxidant produces smog below the inversion. Examples are given of the use of isentropic trajectories, ozone profiles, temperature-humidity soundings, and synoptic weather maps in the study of tropospheric ozone.
Author: G. F. Walton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Ivar S.A. Isaksen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400929137
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
The main objective of the workshop was to increase our knowledge of ozone formation and distribution in the troposphere, its relation to precursor (NO~ and HC species) distribution, how it is affected by transport processes in the troposphere, and to show how the increasing levels of ozone can cause environmental problem. The focus was on the interaction of ozone on regional and global scales. There is mounting evidence that such interactions occur and that the ozone levels are increasing in most of the Northern Hemisphere tropo sphere. A likely source of ozone increase is human activity. As result of this, tropospheric climate may change significantly within a few decades, either through direct effects by ozone itself or indirectly through its effect on other radiatively active trace species. Further more, ozone may have adverse effects on vegetation over large continental areas due to enhanced levels which have been measured to take place. As it is well known that ozone plays a key role in the oxidation of a large number of chemical species in the troposphere, natural as well as man-made, the atmospheric distribution of important trace species like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons could be markedly changed as a result of ozone changes. The rapidly increasing interest in tropospheric ozone, and the key role ozone plays in several atmospheric areas as well the obvious increase in the tropospheric concentration of ozone made ozone a natural choice as a topic for the workshop.
Author: R. D. Bojkov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author: Cuddapah Prabhakara
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309046319
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.
Author: Leo John Krolak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Author: Richard A. Craig
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
The objects of the American Meteorological Society are "the development and dissemination of knowledge of meteorology in all its phases and applications, and the advancement of its professional ideals." The organization of the Society took place in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Saint Louis, Missouri, December 29, 1919, and its incorporation, at Washington, D. C., January 21, 1920. The work of the Society is carried on by the Bulletin, the Journal, and Meteorological Monographs, by papers and discussions at meetings of the Society, through the offices of the Secretary and the Executive Secretary, and by correspondence. All of the Americas are represented in the membership of the Society as well as many foreign countries.
Author: Paul Steven Sanik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric ozone
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 506
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Book Description
