Impact of Trellis Systems and Crop Load on Fruit and Wine Quality of the Super Cold Hardy Cultivar 'Marquette' PDF Download
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Author: Jacob Eli Emling
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303870392
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 183
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Book Description
Super cold hardy (SCH) grapes are a new class of wine grapes that have been bred recently by the University of Minnesota breeding program. This research was developed to better understand the effects of training system and canopy architecture on the SCH cultivar 'Marquette'. The objectives were to compare fruit chemistry, canopy growth, and three different trellis systems; Geneva Double curtain (GDC), High Wire Cordon (HWC), and a new experimental moving trellis (MT). Studies were performed at Horticulture Teaching and Research Center (HTRC) and Southwest Michigan Research and Education Center (SWMREC) during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Due to frost events in 2012, two populations of shoots and the fruit associated with each type of shoot were tracked throughout the growing season. The results from these two populations had influences on canopy development and structure, fruit chemistry, and on wine quality. The experiments conducted in 2013 focused on the influences of canopy densities and crop level on the vines in regards to canopy structure and fruit quality. Fruit and must chemical profiles were similar from seasonal and harvest samples but statistical differences were found after fermentation. In conclusion, these studies proved that training system and shoot type all have slight impacts on fruit quality during the growing season but has large impacts in the wines produced. -- Abstract.
Author: Jacob Eli Emling
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303870392
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 183
Get Book Here
Book Description
Super cold hardy (SCH) grapes are a new class of wine grapes that have been bred recently by the University of Minnesota breeding program. This research was developed to better understand the effects of training system and canopy architecture on the SCH cultivar 'Marquette'. The objectives were to compare fruit chemistry, canopy growth, and three different trellis systems; Geneva Double curtain (GDC), High Wire Cordon (HWC), and a new experimental moving trellis (MT). Studies were performed at Horticulture Teaching and Research Center (HTRC) and Southwest Michigan Research and Education Center (SWMREC) during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Due to frost events in 2012, two populations of shoots and the fruit associated with each type of shoot were tracked throughout the growing season. The results from these two populations had influences on canopy development and structure, fruit chemistry, and on wine quality. The experiments conducted in 2013 focused on the influences of canopy densities and crop level on the vines in regards to canopy structure and fruit quality. Fruit and must chemical profiles were similar from seasonal and harvest samples but statistical differences were found after fermentation. In conclusion, these studies proved that training system and shoot type all have slight impacts on fruit quality during the growing season but has large impacts in the wines produced. -- Abstract.
Author: Maria Suk Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cold stress is among the major limiting factors for wine grape production in Pennsylvania. Post-budburst spring frost events and dormant mid-winter low temperatures can cause freeze injury of grapevine vegetative and reproductive tissues resulting in partial or total crop loss. Vineyard management practices, such as site and cultivar selection and crop load management, can impact vine susceptibility to freeze stress through avoidance or tolerance mechanisms. To understand how different practices influence vine susceptibility to freeze injury, it is crucial to analyze plant physiological adaptation and response mechanisms.Three studies utilizing young potted vines grown outdoor and mature vineyard plantings were conducted to evaluate the role of cultivar selection and crop load management in reducing the risk of freeze injury during the dormant season or post-budburst. Each study evaluated different aspects of vineyard practices and the relationship to freeze injury. In the first study, two Vitis species with different genetic parentage and mid-winter freeze tolerance were compared for hydraulic response and recovery to post-budburst freeze injury. Stem xylem anatomical traits of each species were measured to determine their role in vine response and recovery to freeze injury. The second and third studies compared a novel crop load management technique, early leaf removal (ELR), to a more traditional yield regulation practice, cluster thinning (CT), on two high-yielding cultivars, Vitis hybrid Chancellor and V. vinifera Grner Veltliner. In each of these two studies, the timing (Grner Veltliner; trace bloom versus fruit set) and intensity (Chancellor; low versus high) of ELR and CT were compared to an un-defoliated, un-thinned control. One of the objectives was to understand how manipulating vine crop load (i.e., carbohydrate source-sink ratio) would influence leaf photosynthetic capacity (Grner Veltliner) and overwinter starch concentration in storage tissues (Chancellor) and how those factors relate to bud winter freeze tolerance. Additionally, the impact of crop load management practices on commercially important production parameters, such yield components, fruit ripeness, wine composition and consumer sensory perception (Chancellor), and economic impacts were assessed. In the first study, short-term hydraulic response (within 48 hours) to a temperature-controlled post-budburst freeze stress differed by species. Species differences in stem xylem anatomical traits (e.g., vessel frequency, vessel grouping) supported the contrasting hydraulic response. The long-term seasonal recovery from freeze injury, however, was similar between species despite differences in anatomical traits. In the second and third study, ELR had a greater impact on bud freeze tolerance than CT only during vine acclimation in Grner Veltliner and during mid-winter in Chancellor; however, all crop load treatments positively influence starch concentration in perennial tissues. Furthermore, the vine response to ELR depended on the percentage of leaf area removed, which was higher in Chancellor than Grner Veltliner at the same phenological stage. Overall, our results pertaining to freeze injury suggest a continued need for exploring mechanisms behind vine response to vineyard management practices and vine traits that benefit response and recovery to cold stress.
Author: Robert A. Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
Author: Marlys E. Eddy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Author: Michael Edward Byrne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pruning
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Author: Erika Henderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
As blackberry production in the southeastern United States expands, the need for updated cultural practices, like alternative trellis systems that enhance blackberry fruit yield, fruit quality, and economic viability for fresh-market growers are needed. There are challenges to producing high-quality blackberry fruit with high yields in the Southeast due to intense heat, high rainfall, humidity, and heavy pest pressure. Southeastern growers are interested in the rotating cross-arm (RCA) trellis due to its potential to increase yield and fruit quality, however there is minimal research of its use in blackberry production in the Southeast. In 2019 and 2020, a trial was conducted at the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture (UA System) Fruit Research Station in Clarksville, AR to compare how the RCA trellis and a standard T-trellis impacted blackberry floricane cane morphology, floricane and primocane yield performance, pest damage to fruit and fruit quality of three blackberry cultivars (Osage, Ouachita, Prime-Ark® Traveler). The RCA had potential to increase floricane basal (proximal) cane length, and in some cases floricane node, and berry numbers of the cultivars evaluated compared to when they are grown on the T-trellis. Yield impacts varied by cultivar, but average berry weight was higher on the RCA for both floricane and primocane crops in both years. Floricane yield per plant was consistently higher for 'Ouachita' on the RCA compared to the T-trellis. Floricane crop yield per row meter (yield per m) was similar across trellis systems for 'Ouachita', but lower for 'Prime-Ark® Traveler' grown on the RCA compared to the T-trellis. Similar or lower yields per m between the two trellis systems are likely due to reduced plant canopy of plants per m row on the RCA due to disease that reduced main and lateral cane growth. Important trellising impacts on pest pressure and fruit quality were observed, including lower fruit infestation rates by spotted wing drosophila (SWD) (Drosophila suzukii) in both years, and lower rates of fruit weight loss, decay and red drupe reversion in some years on the RCA compared to the T-trellis. Primocane yield of 'Prime-Ark® Traveler' varied for both years due to timing of summer soft-tipping, differences in flower bloom time and plant age, higher levels of hail damage, and disease. The RCA improved some post-harvest physical attributes (berry length, width, and weight) of primocane berries. The primocane training on the short-arm allowed on berries facing the south side of the RCA trellis, where the berries were highly exposed to direct sunlight on the south side of the trellis which in some years led to higher incidences of white drupe. Overall, our results demonstrate that southeastern blackberry growers may benefit from using the RCA for increased yields per plant for 'Ouachita', reduced SWD infestation rates for all cultivars and improved floricane berry size, and weights. If blackberry canopy coverage on the RCA can be optimized, possibly through closer plant spacing, the benefits of this trellising system on yield and fruit quality could have the potential to improve blackberry production in the Southeast.
Author: Joey D. Ratliff-Peacock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Five trellis types were compared during 1996 and 1997 for their effect on Pinot noir yield components, fruit composition, fruit set, shoot morphology, leaf gas exchange, and trunk carbohydrate storage. These trellis systems were: upright vertical, cane pruned (double Guyot); upright vertical, spur pruned (bilateral cordon); Scott Henry, cane pruned; Lyre, cane pruned; and Geneva Double Curtain (GDC), cane pruned. In 1996, the double canopy systems had almost double the yield of the single canopy systems. There were no differences in yield or its components in 1997 among the five trellis systems. The bilateral cordon had a higher leaf area index than did the other systems. There were no differences in juice soluble solids, pH, or titratable acidity (TA) among the different trellis systems in either year. Also, there were no differences seen between the two canopies of the double canopy trellis systems in either year. There were no differences in sugar or starch concentrations in the trunk wood among the five trellis systems at any sample date. Sugar concentration in the trunk was highest during leaf fall and lowest at bloom on a dry weight basis. Starch concentration in the trunk was highest during dormancy and lowest during leaf fall and bud burst. Trunk volume was highest in the GDC and lowest in the Guyot. There was a negative correlation between most yield components and the carbohydrate concentration at bud burst. Leaf photosynthesis was strongly correlated with berry weight and skin anthocyanin content. In a separate study, yield components, fruit composition and wine quality of fruit generated in both curtains of the Scott Henry system were analyzed. In 1996, the bottom canopy had higher yield, cluster weight, more clusters per shoot and a higher TA than did the top canopy. Must soluble solids were not affected by vine canopy or sun orientation in 1996, but pH was lower and TA was higher in the bottom canopy. In 1997 the top canopy had a higher yield than did the bottom canopy. There were no canopy or orientation effects on leaf gas exchange, leaf area, shoot diameter, or intemode length. Wine from the top canopy was found to have more red color than wine from the bottom canopy.
Author: Luis Hugo Moreno Luna
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Peter Roland Williams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Author: Anton Prajitna
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Abstract: This study investigated the effect of cluster thinning on the quality and nutraceutical content of 'Chambourcin', 'Pinot noir' and 'Cabernet franc' wine grape berries and wines. In addition, this study investigated SO2 interference on wine nutraceutical content determination. In experiment 1, three vintages of Chambourcin and one vintage of Pinot noir crop level treated wines were evaluated for their composition, anthocyanin, total phenolic, antioxidant and total resveratrol content. Cluster thinning did not affect basic wine composition except pH. Cluster thinning, however, increased the total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity. Cluster thinning also increased the total resveratrol level in Chambourcin but not in Pinot noir wines. In experiment 2, we evaluated the effect of cluster thinning on yield parameters, vine growth, fruitfulness, canopy parameters, composition, anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of 'Chambourcin', 'Pinot noir' and 'Cabernet franc' berries. We found that reponses cluster thinning treatments appear to be confounded with cold injury. Cluster thinning reduced yield in one out of two years of 'Chambourcin' and 'Pinot noir' vines. Cluster thinning increased cluster weight of Chambourcin but not Pinot noir and Cabernet franc. Cluster thinning decreased cropload of Chambourcin and one year of 'Pinot noir' vines. 'Pinot noir' vines under low crop level treatments had the most clusters/vine count prior to cluster thinning in 2004. Cluster thinning increased the anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of Chambourcin berries linearly independent of harvest date. In experiment 3, we evaluated the extent of sulfite content interference on antioxidant determination (FRAP and ABTS assay) in red and white wines. Addition of SO2 up to 200 mg/L increased antioxidant capacity significantly. Addition of 100 mg/L SO2 generated on average 6.6 % and 64 % increase in antioxidant capacity for red and white wines, respectively indicating the extent of interference was much more pronounced in white compared to red wines.
