Impact of Manure and Soil Test Phosphorus on Phosphorus Runoff from Soils Subjected to Simulated Rainfall PDF Download
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Author: John Christopher Roberts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Keywords: manure, STP, AAP TDP, DRP, TP, alum, runoff.
Author: John Christopher Roberts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Keywords: manure, STP, AAP TDP, DRP, TP, alum, runoff.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Runoff from agricultural fields amended with animal manure or fertilizer is a source of phosphorus (P) pollution to surface waters, which can have harmful effects such as eutrophication. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of soil P status and the P composition of manure sources on P in runoff, characterize the effects of manure sources on mass loss of dissolved reactive P (DRP), total dissolved P (TDP), algal available P (AAP) and total P (TP) in runoff, and enhance the PLAT database with respect to soluble P attenuating factor (SPAF) and non-soluble P attenuating factor (NSPAF) values. Soil boxes set at 5% slopes received 7.5 cm hr-1 of simulated rainfall. Study soils included a Kenansville loamy sand (loamy siliceous subactive thermic Arenic Hapludults, a Coastal Plain soil) and a Davidson silt loam (kaolinitic thermic Rhodic Kandiudults, a Piedmont soil). Soil test P concentrations ranged from 16 to 283 mg P kg-1. Sources of P included broiler litter (BRL), breeder manure (BRD), breeder manure treated with three rates of alum (Al2(SO4)3) BRD0-0 kg m-2, BRDL-3.9 kg m-2, and BRDH-7.8 kg m-2 and DAP along with an unamended control. All manure sources were applied at 66 kg P ha-1. Water extractable P (WEP) represented an average of 10?b 6% total P in manure. Runoff samples were taken over a 30-min period. Piedmont soil contained greater amounts of clay, Al and Fe concentrations, and higher P sorption capacities that produced significantly lower DRP, TDP, AAP, and TP losses than the Coastal Plain soil. Runoff P loss did not differ for low and high STP soils of same taxonomy with the exception of AAP mass losses for Coastal Plain soil samples. Water extractable P in manures accounted for all DRP lost in runoff with DRP correlating strongly with WEP concentration (0.9961). A weak relationship between DRP in runoff and WEP applied to soil boxes was observed (R2=0.6547) and increased when a possible outlying manure treatment, BRL, was omitted from r.
Author: Brett Lee Allen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Fertilizer or manure applications are increasing soil P in agricultural fields. This study assessed the impact of P application on soil P fractions and P loss with surface runoff based on P rate field trials and both indoor and field rainfall simulations. Bray P, Mehlich-3 (M3) P, Olsen P, total P (TPS), and soil P saturation (Psat) estimated by M3 or oxalate extractable P, Fe, and Al molar ratios increased with cumulative P application (0 to 1098 kg P ha−1 after 4 to 23 yr) at plots from 11 trials. Soil test P, TPS, and Psat were linearly correlated. Routine soil P tests can approximate long-term effects of P application on TPS and Psat for soils and P ranges considered. In an indoor rainfall simulation study, Marshall, Nicollet, Fayette, Tama, and Harps (calcareous) soils were incubated with 0, 50, 125, 300, and 600 mg kg−1 P. Phosphorus application increased soil and runoff P concentrations linearly, and often at higher rates for the calcareous soil, but P relationship differences in soil or runoff were small or nonexistent across four noncalcareous soils. Three P tests, two environmental P tests (FeO-impregnated paper and water extraction), TPS, and Psat (M3, oxalate, and a P sorption index) increased linearly with P rate and were highly correlated. Environmental soil P tests and Psat indices correlated no better with dissolved reactive P (DRP), bioavailable P (BAP), or total P (TPR) than routine soil P tests. A field study assessed runoff P losses following liquid swine manure application (up to 220 kg ha−1 P) and simulated rainfall. When manure was not incorporated and rainfall was applied within 24 h, increasing P rates increased runoff P linearly and the fraction of TPR as DRP or BAP increased. When manure was incorporated, runoff P did not increase or increased only slightly. A 10 d rainfall delay sharply decreased runoff P in non-incorporated treatments, sometimes to lower levels than with incorporation. Incorporating manure when the probability of immediate rainfall is high reduces the risk of P loss in surface runoff; however, this benefit decreases with time and incorporation could lead to greater erosion and TPR loss in the long term.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
Author: Douglas James Soldat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Author: Chad John Penn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Author: Carrie Anne Macijowsky Laboski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Author: Julie S. Studnicka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Author: Jason S. Undercoffer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Abstract: Applications of manure and soils with elevated amounts of phosphorus (P) can result in surface transport of P leading to eutrophication of surface waters. Drinking water treatment residuals (WTR) have been identified as a potential best management practice to reduce the loss of P from agricultural fields. Two field simulated rainfall studies were used to investigate the efficacy of WTR to reduce P transport, reduce soil test P (STP), and determine if relationships between STP and runoff dissolved P (RDP) are altered by soil applied WTR. In the first field study, WTR was co-blended with poultry litter to achieve a range of phosphorus to aluminum molar ratios, or phosphorus saturations (Psat), two weeks prior to land application. Blending WTR at rates of 0, 7, 21, 84 g WTR kg-1 manure resulted in phosphorus saturations of 1860% (0WTR), 600% (LWTR), 200% (MWTR) and 50% (HWTR), respectively. Manure soluble P was reduced by 33, 62, and 96% by the LWTR, MWTR, and HWTR, respectively. The treatments were broadcast at 11.3 Mg ha-1 on field plots (2m X 2m) and simulated rainfall was performed prior to, immediately following application and at 1 month intervals for 3 months. Immediately following treatment application, RDP was reduced by 68% by the MWTR treatment and 97% by the HWTR treatment when compared to the RDP of the 0WTR treatment (32.9 mg L-1). These large reductions relative to previous research suggest co-blending WTR with manure prior to land application, rather than broadcasting each material separately, may be a more effective use of WTRs P-binding capability. Currently, Ohio's P-index uses total manure P as an indicator of P transport risk. Results of this study show that the P-index should be adjusted for WTR treatments. Phosphorus source coefficients determined by soluble manure P is currently used by several states and could be used in Ohio to reflect reduced P transport from WTR co-blending. Co-blending WTR with manure to achieve a final blended Psat 100% may provide the best protection of water quality and be a useful tool for WTR/manure co-blending calibration. In the second field simulated rainfall study, WTR (10 Mg ha-1) was incorporated into field plots (2m x 2m) with a wide STP range. Soil incorporated WTR reduced STP for all soil test methods following WEP (74.8%) Psat (50.2%)> M3P (40.2%)> B1P (39.5%) and RDP (39.4%), one day after WTR application. We observed positive linear relationships between Mehlich-3 P (M3P), Bray-1 P (B1P), water extractable P (WEP), and phosphorus saturation (Psat) with RDP for all runoff events. Relationships between M3P, B1P, or Psat and RDP were not significantly altered by soil incorporated WTR while the relationship formed by WEP and RDP had a significantly higher slope when soil incorporated WTR was present. Ohio's P-index currently utilizes B1P and M3P as an indicator of environmental risk of P transport. Results from this study support the use of B1P and M3P to categorize P transport risk, regardless of previous WTR applications.
Author: H. Tunney
Publisher: Cabi
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
Eutrophication, caused by phosphorus enrichment, is not a new environmental problem. The persistence of eutrophication in an era when many point-source phosphorus inputs have been curtailed has turned the focus of attention to agricultural phosphorus. A workshop was held in Ireland in 1995 to discuss factors controlling phosphorus losses to water from agriculture. This book presents the proceedings of the workshop and consists of 18 chapters by the invited speakers and three chapters with the 45 poster papers displayed at the workshop.
