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Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513520261
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
This Selected Issues paper explores the links between wage policies, non-wage cost developments, and competitiveness. A series of program-era policies helped to partially reverse this trend, including labor market policies that cushioned the effect of the crisis on employment and brought unit labor costs broadly in line with trading partners. However, the resulting more competitive wage structure only partly translated into price adjustments due to product market rigidities (with firms retaining some profit margin) and rising non-wage cost factors (e.g., taxes and financing costs). This incomplete internal devaluation and subsequent low productivity gains reinforce the view that Greece has further to go to address its external imbalances. However, labor policy reversals following program exit in August 2018 threaten this objective. The paper shows that Greece must preserve its labor cost competitiveness while increasing efforts to facilitate price adjustment in product markets and reduce non-wage costs.
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513520261
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
This Selected Issues paper explores the links between wage policies, non-wage cost developments, and competitiveness. A series of program-era policies helped to partially reverse this trend, including labor market policies that cushioned the effect of the crisis on employment and brought unit labor costs broadly in line with trading partners. However, the resulting more competitive wage structure only partly translated into price adjustments due to product market rigidities (with firms retaining some profit margin) and rising non-wage cost factors (e.g., taxes and financing costs). This incomplete internal devaluation and subsequent low productivity gains reinforce the view that Greece has further to go to address its external imbalances. However, labor policy reversals following program exit in August 2018 threaten this objective. The paper shows that Greece must preserve its labor cost competitiveness while increasing efforts to facilitate price adjustment in product markets and reduce non-wage costs.
Author: [Anonymus AC08741538]
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789279187353
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
"The global economic and financial crisis has created important needs for fiscal consolidation. This document analyses potential instruments to raise additional tax revenues from the financial sector. The first section reviews the current policy objectives related to the taxation of the financial sector. The second section sheds some light on the current tax treatment of the financial sector. The third section discusses potential tax instruments to reach the goals. The fourth and fifth section respectively assess the advantages and drawbacks of a Financial Transaction Tax and a Financial Activities Tax."--Editor.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821362879
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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Book Description
Drawing attention to the importance of the post-WTO accession agenda, this book identifies the key drivers of Ukraine's trade performance, assesses trade policies, and provides recommendations to strengthen the country's trade integration strategy. It also identifies core bottlenecks in the integration processes.
Author: Gabriel Di Bella
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498302793
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
The short answer: The size of the Russian State has not increased much in the last few years, but its economic footprint remains significant. Concretely, the state's size increased from about 32 percent of GDP in 2012 to 33 percent in 2016, not far from the EBRD's estimate of 35 percent for 2005-10. This is different from the mainstream narrative, which contends that the state's size doubled in the last decade. However, a deep state footprint is reflected in a relatively high state share in formal sector activity (close to 40 percent) and formal sector employment (about 50 percent). The deep footprint is also reflected in market competition and efficiency. Although sectors in which the state is present are more concentrated, concentration is large even in sectors where the state's share is low. This suggests the need to protect and promote competition, in particular in state procurement. Finally, state-owned enterprises' performance appears weaker than that of privately-owned firms, which may be subtracting from growth.
Author: Ivan Pavletic
Publisher: vdf Hochschulverlag AG
ISBN: 3728132969
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Which political and institutional factors trigger reforms that enable the poor to benefit from the process of economic growth? How can the incentives of policy makers be influenced in order to achieve such a dynamic? These are the questions this study seeks to address by examining the transition process in post-communist countries. The author argues that political competition within an accepted and respected institutional environment has been a driving force in shaping the direction and success of transition reforms. Evidence shows that in countries with a sufficient degree of political competition, citizens responded to economic crises by calling for economic liberalization. Economic liberalization removed existing distortions, increased economic efficiency and raised public welfare. This activated a dynamic, self-enforcing reform process that also strengthened the political and economic power of the poor. In the absence of political competition, such a process failed to emerge, thereby contributing to the persistence of poverty. Based on these findings, there is good reason to postulate that some level of political competition is essential for transition reforms to improve economic efficiency and public welfare in a sustainable manner.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484303016
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
This background paper, which is a supplement to the board paper on “Ensuring Financial Stability in Countries with Islamic Banking (IB) Sectors”, presents country experiences with reforms to strengthen regulatory oversight of the IB sector. It reviews experiences with and the progress made in adapting prudential, safety nets and resolution frameworks to the specifics of IB. The selection of several countries from a range of regions with different levels of development and approaches to IB was designed to provide a representative sample of country experiences so as to enrich the policy conclusions. Such a multiplicity of experiences can help to identify common challenges that countries face in reforming their regulatory frameworks and to distill best practices. The countries, for which detailed case studies have been undertaken, are: Bahrain, Djibouti, Indonesia, Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464814414
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
Author: Anna Seleseneva
Publisher: diplom.de
ISBN: 3832476474
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 125
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Book Description
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The object of the research is the national economy of Ukraine. The subject of the thesis is the economic growth under conditions of globalization. The purpose of the research is to identify the impact of globalization factors on the economic growth of Ukraine and to develop on this basis main guidelines for foreign economic policy which needs improving. Research techniques are the method of logical abstraction, systematic approach, historical method, deductive method, monographic method, comparative approach, typology, economic and statistical analysis, retrospective analysis, econometric methods such as regression analysis, least squares method and methods of testing statistical hypothesis. The actual data for this paper are based on official Ukrainian and foreign statistical databases including State committee of Statistics of Ukraine (SCSU), National Bank of Ukraine (NBU), International monetary fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), committees of United Nations organization, World trade organization (WTO), the US National bureau of economic research (NBER), Ukrainian and foreign publications, proceedings of international conferences. All econometric computations are performed by means of EVeiws and MS Excel software. In the issue of the research globalization indicators influencing economic growth in Ukraine are developed. They include openness of Ukrainian economy to trade in goods and services (general and according to its structure), openness to financial globalization (FDI and portfolio investment flows, external debt, and international reserves as a share of GDP), growth rates of world and Russian GDP, world price indexes on oil and metals, index of economic freedom of Ukraine. The impact of these indicators on economic growth is defined and mathematically proven. Of all abovementioned indicators the following proved to be statistically significant: openness to trade in ferrous and non-ferrous metals, in machinery, in services, growth rates of Russian GDP and world oil price index. These results show that main orientations of foreign economic policy of our country should be differentiation of foreign trade structure, development of market institutions, improvement of FDI attracting schemes, development of equity market and sever restriction of shadow economy. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSvii LIST OF SYMBOLSviii INTRODUCTION2 1.THE NATURE OF ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR [...]
Author: International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 9781589064195
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
This first issue of IMF Staff Papers for 2005 contains 7 papers that discuss: whether output recovered after the Asian crisis; the value of a country's trading partners to its own economic growth; whether interdependence is a factor in understanding the spread of currency crises; can remittance payments from expatriates be a reliable source of capital for economic development?; total factor productivity; designing a VAT for the energy trade in Russia and Ukraine; and lastly, a discussion of the reasons for central bank intervention in ERM-I since 1993
Author: Andreas F. Lowenfeld
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191021458
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 1011
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Book Description
As conflict and cooperation among states turn to an ever greater extent on economic issues, this fully updated and expanded second edition presents a comprehensive exploration of the legal foundations of the international economy. It not only examines the current status of the law, but also explores the origins, political tensions and development of outcomes that are often difficult to comprehend. Lowenfeld examines the major elements of economic law in the international arena including the World Trade Organization and its antecedents; dumping, subsidies, and other devices that alter the market; the International Monetary System, including the collapse of the Bretton Woods system; the debt of developing countries; the law of foreign direct investment, including changing perceptions of the rights of host states and multinational enterprises; and economic sanctions. The book also contains chapters on competition law, environmental law, and new chapters on intellectual property and the various forms of arbitration; demonstrating how these subjects fit into the framework of international economic law. Professor Lowenfeld brings to his task a lifetime of practice and teaching experience to produce a book that will be of use to international lawyers and non-specialists alike.
