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Author: Jeremy D. Schmahmann
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0195388267
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 674
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Book Description
The text is enriched throughout by close attention to functional aspects of the anatomical observations."--Jacket.
Author: Jeremy D. Schmahmann
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0195388267
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 674
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Book Description
The text is enriched throughout by close attention to functional aspects of the anatomical observations."--Jacket.
Author: Michiel Kleinnijenhuis
Publisher: Michiel Kleinnijenhuis
ISBN: 9491027999
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
In these times where connectionist accounts of brain function are gaining in popularity, there is a need for reliable tools for determining anatomical connectivity in the living human brain. The technique of choice is diffusion MRI, but it is debatable whether this tool is suitable for mapping all but the major pathways. The thesis describes my contribution to the development and validation of tools to map the connections in the human brain. To honour the giants whose shoulders we stand on, and to provide neuroanatomical background, the thesis starts with a historical essay on connectional neuroanatomy. MRI techniques are introduced, focusing on the two modalities most relevant to the topic: diffusion MRI and susceptibility MRI. The thesis starts with proposing a novel tractography method: Structure Tensor Informed Fibre Tractography (STIFT). With STIFT, the strengths of diffusion MRI (angular resolution) and susceptibility MRI (spatial resolution) are harnessed in one technique. It provides improved spatial specificity of the resulting tracts. Furthermore, in regions with complex fibre configurations, STIFT is able to distinguish between crossing and kissing fibres. Although the method might not be applicable to all tracts in the brain, STIFT is expected to be a useful addition to the tractographer’s toolkit. The focus then shifts to the cortex. Cortical diffusion imaging becomes increasingly relevant now that high resolutions can be achieved in vivo, which perhaps allows fibres to be tracked into the cortex. By imaging human tissue samples of the primary visual cortex ex vivo on preclinical MR systems, it was demonstrated that cortical diffusion properties are layer-specific. While infra- and supragranular layers show anisotropic diffusion tensors oriented radially to the cortical sheet, the stria of Gennari has low anisotropy. Additionally, the thesis has shown that cortical layers could be better distinguished with the biophysical model NODDI than with conventional diffusion models. In that investigation, diffusion MRI and histology both suggested that fibre dispersion patterns at the grey-white matter boundary vary over the folding cortical sheet. The gyral fibre configurations were investigated further by high resolution diffusion tensor imaging at 7T in vivo. A characteristic pattern of fibre anatomy of the gyrus was derived, in which we observed variations of tensor anisotropy and radiality with cortical curvature, not only in the white matter, but also within the cortex. This set of experiments has considerable implications for tractography, suggesting that (artefactual) biases towards particular locations on the cortical sheet might exist; that models should be designed to capture a variety of dispersion and crossing patterns for tracking fibres in the gyrus; and that intracortical tractography might one day be feasible. The neuroanatomical teaching tools that are described in the final part of the thesis were created by combining white matter dissection, plastination and tractography. The plastinated prosections have considerable advantages over formalin-fixed specimens because they are durable, non-toxic and easy to handle. These tools might inspire new generations of students to take up research in connectional neuroanatomy.
Author: Hugues Duffau
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3709107237
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
The goal of this book is to make a link between fundamental research in the field of cognitive neurosciences, which now benefits from a better knowledge of the neural foundations of cerebral processing, and its clinical application, especially in neurosurgery – itself able to provide new insights into brain organization. The anatomical bases are presented, advances and limitations of the different methods of functional cerebral mapping are discussed, updated models of sensorimotor, visuospatial, language, memory, emotional, and executive functions are explained in detail. In the light of these data, new strategies of surgical management of cerebral lesions are proposed, with an optimization of the benefit–risk ratio of surgery. Finally, perspectives about brain connectivity and plasticity are discussed on the basis of translational studies involving serial functional neuroimaging, intraoperative cortico-subcortical electrical mapping, and biomathematical modeling of interactions between parallel distributed neural networks.
Author: Ahmet Mesrur Halefoğlu
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535138650
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Dr. Ahmet Mesrur Halefoğlu mostly deals with research fields in body imaging and neuroradiology with multidetector computed tomography and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. He has served as postdoctoral research fellow at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Currently, he is working as an associate professor of radiology in Istanbul, Turkey. He has more than 50 high-impact-factor publications and has written 3 book chapters. He is a member of Turkish Society of Radiology and European Society of Radiology. During the recent years, there have been major breakthroughs in MRI due to developments in scanner technology and pulse sequencing. These important achievements have led to remarkable improvements in neuroimaging and advanced techniques, including diffusion imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI. These advanced neuroimaging techniques have enabled us to achieve invaluable insights into tissue microstructure, microvasculature, metabolism, and brain connectivity.
Author: Nicole Seiberlich
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128170581
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1094
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Book Description
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a 'go-to' reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: - The basic physics behind tissue property mapping - How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties - The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* - The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion - The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor - maps and more complex representations of diffusion - How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed - How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance - Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes - How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs - Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds - Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements - Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges - Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches
Author: Marco Catani
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199541167
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 533
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Book Description
One of the major challenges of modern neuroscience is to define the complex pattern of neural connections that underlie cognition and behaviour. This atlas capitalises on novel diffusion MRI tractography methods to provide a comprehensive overview of connections derived from virtual in vivo tractography dissections of the human brain.
Author: Per Andersen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780195100273
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 892
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Book Description
The hippocampus is one of a group of remarkable structures embedded within the brain's medial temporal lobe. Long known to be important for memory, it has been a prime focus of neuroscience research for many years. The Hippocampus Book promises to facilitate developments in the field in a major way by bringing together, for the first time, contributions by leading international scientists knowledgeable about hippocampal anatomy, physiology, and function. This authoritative volume offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date account of what the hippocampus does, how it does it, and what happens when things go wrong. At the same time, it illustrates how research focusing on this single brain structure has revealed principles of wider generality for the whole brain in relation to anatomical connectivity, synaptic plasticity, cognition and behavior, and computational algorithms. Well-organized in its presentation of both theory and experimental data, this peerless work vividly illustrates the astonishing progress that has been made in unraveling the workings of the brain. The Hippocampus Book is destined to take a central place on every neuroscientist's bookshelf.
Author: Susumu Mori
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123984076
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
The concepts behind diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are commonly difficult to grasp, even for magnetic resonance physicists. To make matters worse, a many more complex higher-order methods have been proposed over the last few years to overcome the now well-known deficiencies of DTI. In Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging: And Higher Order Models, these concepts are explained through extensive use of illustrations rather than equations to help readers gain a more intuitive understanding of the inner workings of these techniques. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of DTI images and tractography results, the design of experiments, and the types of application studies that can be undertaken. Diffusion MRI is a very active field of research, and theories and techniques are constantly evolving. To make sense of this constantly shifting landscape, there is a need for a textbook that explains the concepts behind how these techniques work in a way that is easy and intuitive to understand—Introduction to Diffusion Tensor Imaging fills this gap. - Extensive use of illustrations to explain the concepts of diffusion tensor imaging and related methods - Easy to understand, even without a background in physics - Includes sections on image interpretation, experimental design, and applications - Up-to-date information on more recent higher-order models, which are increasingly being used for clinical applications
Author: Katrin Amunts
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030824276
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
This open access book constitutes revised selected papers from the 4th International Workshop on Brain-Inspired Computing, BrainComp 2019, held in Cetraro, Italy, in July 2019. The 11 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. They deal with research on brain atlasing, multi-scale models and simulation, HPC and data infra-structures for neuroscience as well as artificial and natural neural architectures.
Author: Chris Taylor
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540405607
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 714
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refeered proceedings of the 18th Interational Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging, IPMI 2003, held in UK, in July 2003. The 57 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections shape modeling, shape analysis, segmentation, color, performance characterization, registration and modeling similarity, registration and modeling deformation, cardiac motion, fMRI analysis, and diffusion imaging and tractography.
