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Author: Isabelle Iltis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Myocardial blood flow is an important factor of tissue viability and function. Diffuse changes in microcirculation preceding heart failure are likely to be related to cardiomyopathies associated with pathologies such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension. For the study of these subtle defects in myocardial blood flow regulation, the development of methods allowing quantitative and non invasive perfusion assessment is of main interest. To this end, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence adapted to in vivo small animal cardiac studies (quantitative, featuring high heart rates) was implemented in the laboratory, based on the "arterial spin labeling" principle. This sequence allowed myocardial blood flow maps acquisition in in vivo rats with an excellent spatial resolution. Functional data of the left ventricle were acquired during the same experiment using cine-MRI. A first part of this thesis was dedicated to the validation of these methods on the rat heart. These techniques were then applied to the study of the effects of anesthesia and of diabetes and hypertension on cardiac physiology. We have shown that myocardial blood flow was higher under isoflurane than under pentobarbital. Optimal anesthesia conditions available in the laboratory as well as their principal effects on cardiac physiology in vivo were determined. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non obese model of type 2 diabetes. An altered myocardial blood flow regulation was evidenced in these rats, along with a decreased ejection fraction in vivo. Effects of type 1 diabetes and/or hypertension on myocardial blood flow were also studied. A defective myocardial blood flow was observed exclusively when both pathologies were associated, whereas morphological alterations were identified in all pathological groups in absence of functional defect.In this work, an original arterial spin labeling method dedicated to small animal studies was implemented and allowed to characterize in vivo myocardial blood flow alterations in diabetic and hypertensive rat models. These models offer interesting perspectives for the study of the biological processes associated with these alterations
Author: Isabelle Iltis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
Myocardial blood flow is an important factor of tissue viability and function. Diffuse changes in microcirculation preceding heart failure are likely to be related to cardiomyopathies associated with pathologies such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension. For the study of these subtle defects in myocardial blood flow regulation, the development of methods allowing quantitative and non invasive perfusion assessment is of main interest. To this end, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence adapted to in vivo small animal cardiac studies (quantitative, featuring high heart rates) was implemented in the laboratory, based on the "arterial spin labeling" principle. This sequence allowed myocardial blood flow maps acquisition in in vivo rats with an excellent spatial resolution. Functional data of the left ventricle were acquired during the same experiment using cine-MRI. A first part of this thesis was dedicated to the validation of these methods on the rat heart. These techniques were then applied to the study of the effects of anesthesia and of diabetes and hypertension on cardiac physiology. We have shown that myocardial blood flow was higher under isoflurane than under pentobarbital. Optimal anesthesia conditions available in the laboratory as well as their principal effects on cardiac physiology in vivo were determined. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non obese model of type 2 diabetes. An altered myocardial blood flow regulation was evidenced in these rats, along with a decreased ejection fraction in vivo. Effects of type 1 diabetes and/or hypertension on myocardial blood flow were also studied. A defective myocardial blood flow was observed exclusively when both pathologies were associated, whereas morphological alterations were identified in all pathological groups in absence of functional defect.In this work, an original arterial spin labeling method dedicated to small animal studies was implemented and allowed to characterize in vivo myocardial blood flow alterations in diabetic and hypertensive rat models. These models offer interesting perspectives for the study of the biological processes associated with these alterations
Author: EMMANUELLE.. CANET
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: M. Amiel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642685846
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 557
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Book Description
Journalists, always very direct and in search of sensation, essentially asked me two questions on the occasion of this workshop: What were the goals of the meeting? With the improvement of diagnosis through the development of image techniques, didn't the contrast media already have their future behind them? Many answers were provided during the course of the workshop, and in order to best answer the journalists I proposed the following synopsis. 1. Since the 1979 Colorado Springs workshop organized by E. Lasser, progress has been so rapid and the newly available works so numerous that another meeting on an international level for the purpose of pre senting and discussing these advances appeared indispensable. Why not then in Europe and why not in Lyon? To expand on this progress, by 1981 the new contrast media with less-hyperosmolar molecules, still in the trial stage in 1979, were al most all available commercially for angiography, albeit at prohibitive prices. The advantages of these various media are becoming better known; moreover, in the wake of Lasser's work, our understanding of the pathophysiology of their noxious effects is also advancing rapidly owing to the use of models (for the target organs: heart, vessel wall, nervous system, kidney; and for the more general reactions: blood cells, coagulation, complement system, circulating enzymatic systems). In addition, further new molecules are currently being studied in re search laboratories. 2.
Author: Brian Harvey
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1839621982
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
This book is an open access dissemination of the EU COST Action ADMIRE in Aldosterone/Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) physiology and pathophysiology. Aldosterone is the major hormone regulating blood pressure. Alterations in blood levels of aldosterone and genetic mutations in the MR receptor are major causes of hypertension and comorbidities. Many of the drugs in clinical use, and in development for treating hypertension, target aldosterone and MR actions in the kidney and cardiovascular system. The ADMIRE book assembles review chapters from 16 European ADMIRE laboratories providing the latest insights into mechanisms of aldosterone synthesis/secretion, aldosterone/MR physiology and signaling, and the pathophysiological roles of aldosterone/MR activation.
Author: Hervé Fanet
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118761189
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 261
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Book Description
This book describes the different principles and equipment used in medical imaging. The importance of medical imaging for diagnostics is rapidly increasing. A good working knowledge of all the different possible physical principles involved in medical imaging is now imperative. This book covers many of these principles including matter photon interactions, the principles of detectors, detectors and information processing for radiology, X-ray tomography, positron tomography, single photon tomography and optical tomography.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Elke Hattingen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3642450407
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
This book describes the basics, the challenges and the limitations of state of the art brain tumor imaging and examines in detail its impact on diagnosis and treatment monitoring. It opens with an introduction to the clinically relevant physical principles of brain imaging. Since MR methodology plays a crucial role in brain imaging, the fundamental aspects of MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion and diffusion-weighted MR methods are described, focusing on the specific demands of brain tumor imaging. The potential and the limits of new imaging methodology are carefully addressed and compared to conventional MR imaging. In the main part of the book, the most important imaging criteria for the differential diagnosis of solid and necrotic brain tumors are delineated and illustrated in examples. A closing section is devoted to the use of MR methods for the monitoring of brain tumor therapy. The book is intended for radiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, oncologists and other scientists in the biomedical field with an interest in neuro-oncology.
Author: Richard M. Cowett
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468404008
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 792
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Book Description
Over the last quarter century or so, specialization within obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics has resulted in the development of the disciplines of maternal-fetal medicine and neonatology, respectively. A primary focus of maternal-fetal medicine has been to understand the mechanism(s) of premature delivery and develop treatment modalities for improving the length of gestation. A primary focus of neonatology has been to under stand the causes of respiratory distress in the neonate. Success has resulted, not only in the lengthening of gestation, but an improved understanding of the causes and treatment of neonatal respiratory disease. With increasing success has come the necessity to under stand the metabolic principles of the parturient, the fetal/placenta unit, and the neonate. These principles are clearly very important from multiple aspects. Increased understand ing of metabolism of the pregnant woman would explain the aberrations occurring in normal and abnormal pregnancy and improve nutritional support for the parturient. A prime example of altered metabolism is the parturient with diabetes. Understanding metabolism ofthe fetal/placenta unit is necessary to increase the probability that the fetus will be born appropriate for size irrespective of the gestational age. The various compo nents of neonatal metabolism are important, not only for understanding the changes in physiology and biochemistry occurring in the developing neonate, but the principles by which nutritional support should be provided.
Author: Nicholas Ayache
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642334535
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 645
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Book Description
The three-volume set LNCS 7510, 7511, and 7512 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2012, held in Nice, France, in October 2012. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 252 revised papers from 781 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The third volume includes 79 papers organized in topical sections on diffusion imaging: from acquisition to tractography; image acquisition, segmentation and recognition; image registration; neuroimage analysis; analysis of microscopic and optical images; image segmentation; diffusion weighted imaging; computer-aided diagnosis and planning; and microscopic image analysis.
Author: Christoph Stippich
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662451239
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
The second, revised edition of this successful textbook provides an up-to-date description of the use of preoperative fMRI in patients with brain tumors and epilepsies. State of the art fMRI procedures are presented, with detailed consideration of practical aspects, imaging and data processing, normal and pathological findings, and diagnostic possibilities and limitations. Relevant information on brain physiology, functional neuroanatomy, imaging technique, and methodology is provided by recognized experts in these fields. Compared with the first edition, chapters have been updated to reflect the latest developments and in particular the current use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state fMRI. Entirely new chapters are included on resting-state presurgical fMRI and the role of DTI and tractography in brain tumor surgery. Further chapters address multimodality functional neuroimaging, brain plasticity, and pitfalls, tips, and tricks.
