Identification of the Anti-sigma Factor for Sigma Y in Bacillus Subtilis PDF Download
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Author: Matthew Mendel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus subtilis
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Author: Matthew Mendel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus subtilis
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Author: Arsalan Amir Ali
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Nostoc punctiforme is a filamentous cyanobacterium that has an immense potential to be used as a platform to produce biofuels and other high-value compounds. Their ability to synthesize lipid droplets and other valuable metabolites while eliminating the requirement for land also considerably increases their commercial prospective. N. punctiforme grows using plant-like oxygenic photosynthesis and can also differentiate into spore-like akinetes, nitrogen-fixing heterocysts, or motile hormogonia in response to stress. This unique ability to adapt to environmental stresses by differentiation also makes them a valuable model for studying cellular differentiation. A subset of the genes involved in stress responses are hypothesized to be regulated by the twelve alternative sigma factor subunits of RNA polymerase, which were previously identified in the genome (along with the housekeeping sigma, SigA). The sigma factors are known to be post translationally regulated by the anti-sigma factors, that are hypothesized to sequester the sigma factors until stress induces their release. However, unlike the sigma factors, the anti-sigma factors are well conserved at the primary sequence level. Thus, not much is known about anti-sigma factors in general or about the specific sigma/anti-sigma interactions in N. punctiforme. Seven putative anti-sigma factors were identified in N. punctiforme by sequence homology. We screened for the interaction of all thirteen sigma factors with these putative anti-sigma factors using a bacterial 2-hybrid assay (BacTH). Each of the anti-sigma factors interacted with two or more sigma factors in the BacTH analysis, but no interactions were found with group 3 sigma factors or the highly divergent sigma factor SigI. Twenty-three positive interactions were identified using the BacTH system, which were then quantified by using beta-galactosidase assays. We then tried to confirm twelve of the interactions showing the highest beta-galactosidase activity by using GST-pulldown assays and Western blotting. Two novel sigma/anti-sigma interacting pairs were identified by this study. The sigma factor SigB2 was shown to interact with the anti-sigma factor SapB2 and the sigma factor SigD was shown to interact with the anti-sigma factor SapD. These findings will help increase our understanding of complex regulatory processes that occur at the transcriptional level during cellular differentiation, and following stresses associated with production of high-value compounds in N. punctiforme.
Author: Society for General Microbiology. Symposium
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521813884
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Author: Frans J. de Bruijn
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119004829
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1464
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Book Description
Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA’s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1340
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Author: Yi-Wei Tang
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123977630
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2214
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Book Description
The molecular age has brought about dramatic changes in medical microbiology, and great leaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of infectious disease. Molecular Medical Microbiology is the first book to synthesise the many new developments in both molecular and clinical research in a single comprehensive resource. This timely and authoritative three-volume work is an invaluable reference source of medical bacteriology. Comprising more than 100 chapters, organized into 17 major sections, the scope of this impressive work is wide-ranging. Written by experts in the field, chapters include cutting-edge information, and clinical overviews for each major bacterial group, in addition to the latest updates on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology. Topics covered include bacterial structure, cell function, and genetics; mechanisms of pathogenesis and prevention; antibacterial agents; and infections ranging from gastrointestinal to urinary tract, centrtal nervous system, respiratory tract, and more. - The first comprehensive and accessible reference on molecular medical microbiology - Full color presentation througout - In-depth discussion of individual pathogenic bacteria in a system-oriented approach - Includes a clinical overview for each major bacterial group - Presents the latest information on vaccine development, molecular technology, and diagnostic technology - More than 100 chapters covering all major groups of bacteria - Written by an international panel of authors who are experts in their respective disciplines
Author: Morigen Morigen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889767671
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Analogous to the eukaryotic G1, S and M phase of the cell cycle, the bacterial cell cycle can be classified into independent stages. Slowly growing bacterial cells undergo three different stages, B-, C- and D-phase, respectively, while the cell cycle of fast-growing bacteria involves at least two independent cycles: the chromosome replication and the cell division. The oscillation in gene expression regulated by transcription factors, and proteolysis mediated by ClpXP, are closely correlated with progression of the cell cycle. Indeed, it has been shown that DnaA couples DNA replication initiation with the expression of the two oscillating regulators GcrA and CtrA, and the DnaA/GcrA/CtrA regulatory cascade drives the forward progression of the Caulobacter cell cycle. Furthermore, it has been found that: the DnaA oscillation in Eschericha coli and Caulobacter crescentus plays an important role in the cell cycle coordination; RpoS in Coxiella regulates the gene expression involved in the developmental cycle; the SigB and SinR transcription factors control whether cells remain in or leave a biofilm responding to metabolic conditions in Bacillus subtilis; similarly, BolA in most Gram-negative bacteria turns off motility and turns on biofilm development as a transcription factor; CtrA regulates cell division and outer membrane composition of the pathogen Brucella abortus; an essential transcription factor SciP enhances robustness of Caulobacter cell cycle regulation. Interestingly, transcription factors mediated metabolism fluctuations are also related to progression of the cell cycle. It has been shown that: CggR and Cra factors are involved in the flux-signaling metabolite fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; IclR mediates para-hydroxybenzoate catabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor; CceR and AkgR regulate central carbon and energy metabolism in alphaproteobacteria; and these metabolism changes affect cell growth. In line with the argument, AspC-mediated aspartate metabolism coordinates the E. coli cell cycle. However, the molecular mechanisms of maintaining the proper cell cycle progression through coordination of transcription factors mediated gene transcription oscillation, cellular metabolism with the cell cycle are not yet well-established. This Research Topic is intended to cover the spectrum of cell cycle regulatory mechanisms, in particular the coordination of transcription factor mediated gene transcription oscillations, and the cellular metabolisms associated with the cell cycle. We welcome all types of articles including Original Research, Review, and Mini Review. The subject areas of interest include but are not limited to: 1. Cell cycle coordination through gene expression and expression oscillation mediated by transcription factors. 2. Regulation of the cell cycle by proteolysis oscillation. 3. Coordination of the cell cycle with metabolism fluctuation. 4. DNA methylation fluctuation and the cell cycle. 5. Novel transcription factors and gene expression patterns associated with the cell cycle.
Author: David A. Dougan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400759401
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
This book contains an extensive collection of critical reviews, from leading researchers in the field of regulated protein degradation. It covers the role of regulated proteolysis in a range of microorganisms (from Gram positive, Gram negative and pathogenic bacteria to Archaea and the Baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Author: Robert K. Poole
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 9780120277469
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
First published in 1967, Advances in Microbial Physiology is one of Academic Press's most renowned and acclaimed series. The Editors have always striven to provide a diverse range of top-quality papers on all aspects of microbial physiology. Coverage of 'holistic' topics or whole cell studies such as ion fluxes, stress responses and motility have gone hand-in-hand with detailed biochemical analyses of individual transport systems, electron transport pathways and many aspects of metabolism. Now edited by Professor Robert Poole, University of Sheffield, Advances in Microbial Physiology continues to publish topical and important reviews, interpreting physiology in its broadest context, to include all material that contributes to our understanding of how microorganisms and their component parts work. In 1999, the Institute for Scientific Information released figures showing that the series has an Impact Factor of 5.35, with a half life of 8 years, placing it 5th in the highly competitive category of Microbiology; testimony to the high regard in which it is held.
Author: Morigen Morigen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889743241
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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