Identification and Inheritance of Resistance to Phytophthora Megasperma Var. Sojae in Soybeans PDF Download
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Author: Craig Keith Moots
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Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Author: Craig Keith Moots
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Author: John Allan Kiser
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Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Author: Thomas Sim
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Category : Phytopathogenic fungi
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Author: Alfredo Lam-Sanchez
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Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Author: Paul W. Tooley
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ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Santiago Xavier Mideros Mora
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Category : Phytophthora sojae
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Abstract: Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae, is a serious limitation to soybean production in the United States. Extensive deployment of Rps genes in soybean cultivars has led to adaptations in the P. sojae populations. Partial resistance to P. sojae in soybeans is effective against all races of the pathogen and is a form of incomplete resistance where the plant reduces the rate of colonization of the pathogen. In addition to partial resistance other types of incomplete resistance have also been described. Rps2 is a single dominant gene that confers incomplete resistance in soybean hypocotyls. Root resistance, thought to be quantitatively inherited, is another form of race specific resistance that appears to function only in the roots. In order to differentiate partial resistance from the other types of incomplete resistance that are race specific, components of resistance were analyzed and the cytology of infection compared. For this study attempts to genetically transform P. sojae to express a marker gene were unsuccessful. Three components were measured (lesion length, oospore production and infection frequency) in 8 soybean genotypes that were inoculated with non-transformed P. sojae isolates on the roots. Light and epifluorescent microscopy were used to study transversal cuts of Trypan blue stained root samples that were also inoculated with P. sojae. Soybean partial resistance was found to be composed of various components that interact to produce the partial resistance phenotype for defense against P. sojae in the roots. It was also found that the Rps2 and root resistant genotypes had significantly reduced levels for all of the components of resistance studied in comparison to the partially resistant genotype Conrad. However, the high levels of partial resistance in Jack were indistinguishable from the Rps2 reaction for all the components studied. In the cytology study it was found that P. sojae penetrates into all the soybean incomplete resistant genotypes: partial resistant, Rps2, and root resistant. Several mechanisms of resistance were observed: i) the resistance phenotype (Rpsla) contained the pathogen biotrophic growth from between 0 to 24 hal in a hypersensitive response; ii) Rps2 and root resistance phenotypes, also stopped growth of the pathogen but this occurred between 24 and 48 hal in a delayed hypersensitive response and iii) the partial resistance and the susceptible phenotypes allowed biotrophic colonization ofF. sojae. Finally a methodology to differentiate among mechanisms of incomplete resistance to P. sojae in soybean was identified based on the number of dead cells and extent of colonization that differed in partial resistance and Rps2 phenotypes.
![A Study of Phytophthora Sojae Resistance in Soybean (Glycine Max [l. Merr]) Using Genome-wide Association Analyses and Genomic Prediction PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/6IJ5zgEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: William Robert Rolling
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Category : Phytophthora sojae
Languages : en
Pages : 389
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Phytophthora sojae is a destructive oomycete pathogen of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr], which causes yield losses in many soybean-growing regions and results in worldwide losses in excess of $1 billion. Genetic resistance is the preferred method of managing P. sojae. Resistance is inherited both qualitatively and quantitatively, with both providing crucial elements of genetic resistance. Quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a complex trait, controlled by many loci and at least 22 genetic mapping studies have been completed, identifying a highly polygenic trait. In this research, we contribute to the understanding of this pathosystem by (1) summarizing the current literature of the P. sojae-soybean pathosystem, (2) mapping QDR loci in diverse soy germplasm to provide novel alleles for breeding programs, (3) testing genomic prediction (GP) to determine which methodology results in the most accurate GP model, (4) and validating the GP methods across diverse germplasm. The results of this dissertation include utilizing genome-wide association analyses to identify 44 QDR loci towards P. sojae, including 14 novel loci. The analyses completed here were among the first to test how accurate GP would be for P. sojae QDR traits. The GP accuracy averaged 0.51 across nine measurements of seedling phenotypes and demonstrated that the accuracy of the GP was relatively independent of methodology; rather the measurement of QDR was the largest factor contributing to differences in accuracy. When GP was completed across a collection of genetically diverse germplasm the accuracy decreased to between 0.14 and 0.43, and though reduced, the accuracy remained high enough to merit further investigation for genomic selection in applied breeding programs. Overall these results have built upon strong research and added to the understanding of the genetic architecture of QDR towards P. sojae, identified novel QDR alleles for breeding programs, and provide an initial estimate how effective GP can be applied in soybean breeding programs.
Author: Margo Krinner Rubel
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Author:
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Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 766
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