Human Engineering Aspects of Radar Air Traffic Control PDF Download
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Author: Lowell M. Schipper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air traffic control
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Author: Lowell M. Schipper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air traffic control
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: Lowell M. Schipper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
"These experiments represent the first two major systems research studies on the OSU Air Traffic Control Simulator. The experiments, II and III, investigated radar air traffic controller performance in simulated return-to-base problems at several traffic densities with two improved identification systems. Experiment I, WADC TR 56-67, was a minor study which evaluated controller performance as a function of control time availability. The two types of identification systems were (1) the Clock Code omnipresent system using a symbolic code attached to each blip, and (2) the Light Pencil interrogator system which gave on-demand identification. The controller's environment included noise-free displays with an idealized lighting system and was generally conducive to superior performance. The basic problems were simulated return-to-base missions of jet and propeller-driven military aircraft under complete IFR conditions. Traffic densities ranged from 25 to 40 aircraft per hour. All traffic was handled by a single controller. Results were analyzed according to criteria of Mean Control Time Per Aircraft, Mean Fuel Consumed Per Aircraft, Mean Deviation From Runway Extension, Mean Gate Separation, Amount of Vector and Speed Control, and Relative System Delay Build-Up. According to these measures it is concluded that the two identification systems are equally satisfactory from an over-all human engineering viewpoint. With either of these identification systems, plus the use of information displays possessing certain other optimized characteristics, a single experienced controller appears to have little trouble moving very high density traffic through a 50-mile approach control zone safely and efficiently."--Abstract.
Author: Lowell M. Schipper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
"The present experiment is the fourth in a series of studies using the OSU Air Traffic Control Simulator. Experiments I, II, and III investigated the effects on system performance of different TRAFFIC and DISPLAY variables. This experiment was principally concerned with the evaluation of two types of two-man control procedures, an ORGANIZATION variable, according to criteria of safety and efficiency. Two novice controllers worked alternately with a highly-skilled controller under two conditions of heavy traffic flow. The independent variables, type of system, novice controllers, and rate of traffic entry were manipulated in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement which provided for tests of significance between all three independent variables and their interactions. A return-to-base mission of 26 jet aircraft of both bomber and fighter types was simulated. These aircraft entered the traffic area approximately 60 naut. mi. from touchdown at partially randomized positions and times and at altitudes between 25,000 and 40,000 ft. In the more difficult problems, aircraft entered at the average rate of one per minute. In problems at the slower of the two rates, aircraft entered at an average rate of one every 90 sec. All measures of system efficiency except Estimated Excess Delay Build-Up showed no differences between Systems, Controllers, or Rates of Entry. The delay criterion indicated a statistically significant difference between the two novice controllers in terms of time over and above a theoretical minimum landing time. Approximately equal numbers of conflicts (less than 30-sec. GCA gate separation) were found with both systems. Although one is not justified in extrapolating on the basis of the data for the two levels studied, there is a definite suggestion that at rates still higher than the 60 per hour, the Sector system of control may prove to be significantly superior to the In-Line system. At the two rates used here there were no statistically significant differences between the systems. However, at the higher of the two rates the Sector system showed a slight superiority with all measures of system efficiency. Only one of these two procedures (In-Line Control) is used extensively in present-day military air traffic control centers; it appears that the Sector system should be given extensive operational tests as an alternative procedure."--Abstract.
Author: J. S. Kidd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air traffic control
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author: Lowell M. Schipper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030952525X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
Despite the strong safety record of the national airspace system, serious disruptions occasionally occur, often as a result of outdated or failed equipment. Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air. The current and growing pressures to increase the capacity to handle a greater number of flights has led to a call for faster and more powerful equipment and for equipment that can take over some of the tasks now being performed by humans. Increasing the role of automation in air traffic control may provide a more efficient system, but will human controllers be able to effectively take over when problems occur? This comprehensive volume provides a baseline of knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of humans relative to the variety of functions performed in air traffic control. It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents. The book discusses The function of the national airspace system and the procedures for hiring, training, and evaluating controllers. Decisionmaking, memory, alertness, vigilance, sleep patterns during shift work, communication, and other factors in controllers' performance. Research on automation and human factors in air traffic control and incorporation of findings into the system. The Federal Aviation Administration's management of the air traffic control system and its dual mandate to promote safety and the development of air commerce. This book also offers recommendations for evaluation the human role in automated air traffic control systems and for managing the introduction of automation into current facilities and operations. It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safety--policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.
Author: Lowell M. Schipper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
"This experiment is the sixth in a series of system studies dealing with various aspects of air traffic control. The purpose was to evaluate the performance of a one-controller system with (a) an omnipresent clock-type identity code vs. (b) the absence of identity on the radar blips. Data were recorded for a total of 1267 movements of jet-type fighter and bomber aircraft, which were accepted at four different entry rates. Four experienced USAF controllers served in the study. No conflicts (failures to achieve specified separations) and no missed approaches occurred at the slowest input rate (an average of one aircraft every 105 sec.), but a few conflicts and go-arounds (about 3%) occurred at the higher rates. This decrease in safety margin was most notable at the highest rate (60-sec. separation). Measures of fuel consumption and control time in moving aircraft through a zone of 50-mi. radius around the GCA gate showed significant superiority for the system that provided aircraft identity. An analysis of communications from controllers to pilots also showed small reductions in communications under the identity condition."--Abstract.
Author: Ohio State University. Research Foundation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Author: J. S. Kidd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
"The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of regularization of approach traffic in time, place, and sequence upon the safety and efficiency of a terminal system. Enroute flow-control facilities were simulated by arrivals at the terminal boundary. The terminal system was manned by a two-man pattern-feeder control team. Six pairs of experienced USAF controllers participated. The control zone included two landing fields and each controller handled aircraft destined for each of these fields. Data were recorded for a total of 2880 movements of mixed types. The results and conclusions of the experiment are as follows: 1. Traffic input regularization in time, place, and sequence relative to the controller who accepted the traffic had an insignificant effect on terminal system performance. 2. Human controllers can provide the flexibility necessary to accommodate widely varying input entropy."--Abstract.
