Horizontal Mergers, Entry, and Efficient Defences PDF Download
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Author: David M. Spector
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
It is shown that if firms compete in quantities and marginal costs are nondecreasing, any profitable merger failing to generate technological synergies must harm consumers through higher prices, irrespective of entry conditions in the industry. However this result does not hold if products are differentiated and firms compete in prices. The implications for merger policy are discussed. Keywords: Horizontal mergers, competition policy, oligopoly theory. JEL Classifications: D43, K21, L13, L41.
Author: David M. Spector
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
It is shown that if firms compete in quantities and marginal costs are nondecreasing, any profitable merger failing to generate technological synergies must harm consumers through higher prices, irrespective of entry conditions in the industry. However this result does not hold if products are differentiated and firms compete in prices. The implications for merger policy are discussed. Keywords: Horizontal mergers, competition policy, oligopoly theory. JEL Classifications: D43, K21, L13, L41.
Author: David M. Spector
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper addresses the effect of horizontal mergers on prices. It is shown that if firms compete in quantities and marginal costs are nondecreasing, any profitable merger failing to generate technological synergies must harm consumers through higher prices, irrespective of entry conditions in the industry. However this result does not hold if products are differentiated and firms compete in prices. The implications for merger policy are discussed.
Author: Luis M. B. Cabral
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
I analyze the effects of a merger between two firms in a spatially differentiatedoligopoly. I make the crucial assumption that the industry is at a free-entry equilibriumboth before and after the merger. In particular, I allow for the possibility of entry subsequent to the merger. Not surprisingly, this possibility improves the effect of the merger on consumer welfare. More importantly, I show that post-merger entry dramatically shifts the perspective on cost efficiencies as a merger defense and asset sales as a remedy. Cost efficiencies (in the form of lower marginal cost) decreasethe likelihood of entry, and thus benefit consumers less than if entry conditions wereexogenously given. Likewise, by selling assets (stores) to potential rivals, merging firms effectively buy them oreg;,quot; that is, dissuade them from opening new stores, an effect that is detrimental to consumers.
Author: Daniel Gore
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107007720
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 559
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Book Description
Provides a clear, concise and practical overview of the key economic techniques and evidence employed in European merger control.
Author: Robert E. DeYoung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
Author: William Blumenthal
Publisher: American Bar Association
ISBN: 9780897072403
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Number 14 in the Antitrust law Section monograph series, this work summarizes the state of the law in every area affecting semihorizontal, conglomerate and vertical mergers, and was prepared as a companion to Monograph 12.
Author: Robert Pitofsky
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199706751
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
How the Chicago School Overshot the Mark is about the rise and recent fall of American antitrust. It is a collection of 15 essays, almost all expressing a deep concern that conservative economic analysis is leading judges and enforcement officials toward an approach that will ultimately harm consumer welfare. For the past 40 years or so, U.S. antitrust has been dominated intellectually by an unusually conservative style of economic analysis. Its advocates, often referred to as "The Chicago School," argue that the free market (better than any unelected band of regulators) can do a better job of achieving efficiency and encouraging innovation than intrusive regulation. The cutting edge of Chicago School doctrine originated in academia and was popularized in books by brilliant and innovative law professors like Robert Bork and Richard Posner. Oddly, a response to that kind of conservative doctrine may be put together through collections of scores of articles but until now cannot be found in any one book. This collection of essays is designed in part to remedy that situation. The chapters in this book were written by academics, former law enforcers, private sector defense lawyers, Republicans and Democrats, representatives of the left, right and center. Virtually all agree that antitrust enforcement today is better as a result of conservative analysis, but virtually all also agree that there have been examples of extreme interpretations and misinterpretations of conservative economic theory that have led American antitrust in the wrong direction. The problem is not with conservative economic analysis but with those portions of that analysis that have "overshot the mark" producing an enforcement approach that is exceptionally generous to the private sector. If the scores of practices that traditionally have been regarded as anticompetitive are ignored, or not subjected to vigorous enforcement, prices will be higher, quality of products lower, and innovation diminished. In the end consumers will pay.
Author: Jonathan B. Baker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 59
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Book Description
The past forty years have witnessed a remarkable transformation in horizontal merger enforcement in the United States. With no change in the underlying statute, the Clayton Act, the weight given to market concentration by the federal courts and by the federal antitrust agencies has declined dramatically. Instead, increasing weight has been given to three arguments often made by merging firms in their defense: entry, expansion and efficiencies. We document this shift and provide examples where courts have approved highly concentrating mergers based on limited evidence of entry and expansion. We show using merger enforcement data and a survey we conducted of merger practitioners that the decline in antitrust enforcement is ongoing, especially at the current Justice Department. We then argue in favor of reinvigorating horizontal merger enforcement by partially restoring the structural presumption and by requiring strong evidence to overcome the government's prima facie case. We propose several routes by which the government can establish its prima facie case, distinguishing between cases involving coordinated vs. unilateral anti-competitive effects.
Author: Massimo Motta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Consolidation and merger of corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Author: Avi Weiss
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
