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Author: Shiro ISHIKAWA
Publisher: Shiho-Shuppan Publisher
ISBN: 490762557X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 446
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Book Description
Recently I proposed Quantum Language (QL) as a language of (dualistic and idealistic) science, which is also characterized as a linguistic turn of quantum mechanics. QL has two subclasses, non-commutative QL and commutative QL. They are applicable to quantum systems and to classical systems, respectively. QL is composed of Axiom 1 (measurement), Axiom 2 (causality), and the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. This theory has a stronger descriptive power than (quantum) mechanics and statistics. Axioms 1 and 2 are usual since they are operator algebraic generalizations of quantum mechanics. On the other hand, the part of “linguistic Copenhagen interpretation” is not usual. This is defined by “a rule for drawing a line between science and pseudoscience”. For example, the Popper's falsifiability is one of the rules of the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. Other examples are: 1) “There exists only `one', and not `many'.” (due to Parmenides) -> “Measurement can only be done once”, “A state does not move.” 2)“There is no motion.”(due to Parmenides) -> “A state does not move.” 3) “There is only the present.” ( due to Augustinus) -> “There is no tense.” 4) “To be is to be perceived.” (due to Berkely) -> “Nothing can be said without measurement.” ... It is surprising that philosophers who did not know quantum mechanics approached the Copenhagen interpretation as described above. Thus, I consider that the Copenhagen Interpretation is not attached to quantum mechanics, but to quantum language. I will show that QL is a scientific perfection of dualistic idealism in Western philosophy. In fact, the following unsolved problems in Western philosophy can be solved only by QL, not by statistics. * Zeno paradoxes, the problem of universals, Descartes problem (=mind-body problem + subjectivity problem), the Leibniz-Clarke space-time correspondence, Hume's problem of induction, the Grue paradox, From Kantian synthesis to QL-synthesis, the brain in a vat, Hempel's flagpole problem, the black raven problem, Wittgenstein's problem “ Why does logic work in our world?”, etc. The most fundamental theories in modern science are commonly said to be the three: theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and statistics. However, as this book will show, commutative QL is more powerful and beautiful than statistics. Therefore, I would replace the above three by “ theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and commutative QL”.
Author: Shiro ISHIKAWA
Publisher: Shiho-Shuppan Publisher
ISBN: 490762557X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 446
Get Book Here
Book Description
Recently I proposed Quantum Language (QL) as a language of (dualistic and idealistic) science, which is also characterized as a linguistic turn of quantum mechanics. QL has two subclasses, non-commutative QL and commutative QL. They are applicable to quantum systems and to classical systems, respectively. QL is composed of Axiom 1 (measurement), Axiom 2 (causality), and the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. This theory has a stronger descriptive power than (quantum) mechanics and statistics. Axioms 1 and 2 are usual since they are operator algebraic generalizations of quantum mechanics. On the other hand, the part of “linguistic Copenhagen interpretation” is not usual. This is defined by “a rule for drawing a line between science and pseudoscience”. For example, the Popper's falsifiability is one of the rules of the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. Other examples are: 1) “There exists only `one', and not `many'.” (due to Parmenides) -> “Measurement can only be done once”, “A state does not move.” 2)“There is no motion.”(due to Parmenides) -> “A state does not move.” 3) “There is only the present.” ( due to Augustinus) -> “There is no tense.” 4) “To be is to be perceived.” (due to Berkely) -> “Nothing can be said without measurement.” ... It is surprising that philosophers who did not know quantum mechanics approached the Copenhagen interpretation as described above. Thus, I consider that the Copenhagen Interpretation is not attached to quantum mechanics, but to quantum language. I will show that QL is a scientific perfection of dualistic idealism in Western philosophy. In fact, the following unsolved problems in Western philosophy can be solved only by QL, not by statistics. * Zeno paradoxes, the problem of universals, Descartes problem (=mind-body problem + subjectivity problem), the Leibniz-Clarke space-time correspondence, Hume's problem of induction, the Grue paradox, From Kantian synthesis to QL-synthesis, the brain in a vat, Hempel's flagpole problem, the black raven problem, Wittgenstein's problem “ Why does logic work in our world?”, etc. The most fundamental theories in modern science are commonly said to be the three: theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and statistics. However, as this book will show, commutative QL is more powerful and beautiful than statistics. Therefore, I would replace the above three by “ theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and commutative QL”.
Author: Shiro ISHIKAWA
Publisher: Shiho-Shuppan Publisher
ISBN: 4907625669
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Book Description
Various interpretations of quantum mechanics have been proposed such as the Copenhagen interpretation and the many-worlds interpretation. The linguistic Copenhagen interpretation in this book is a kind of the Copenhagen interpretation derived from von Neumann's formulation of quantum mechanics on Hilbert spaces. Von Neumann had the widest coverage of any mathematician of his time, integrating pure and applied sciences and making major contributions to many fields, including mathematics, physics, economics, computing, and statistics. He was not a genius who specialised only in mathematics and physics, but an all-round genius. From this fact we are tempted to expect the following. (#1) the quantum theory generated from the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation called Quantum Language (QL) is a very large theory that includes not only quantum mechanics of physics but also classical statistics. More generally we may say (#2) QL is the scientific realisation of the dualistic idealism of philosophy. In this book I devote myself to proving (#1). QL consists of two axioms (measurement and causality) and the linguistic Copenhagen interpretation. I first prove von Neumann-Lüders projection postulate in QL. This is a solution in QL, and it is undecided whether it is a physical solution, but the theorem allows QL to be discussed without being interfered by various paradoxes (e.g., Schrödinger's cat, etc.). Also, recall that there are no axioms in statistics. This means that we do not yet have 'theoretical statistics'. However, if we consider that QL for classical systems = theoretical statistics, we can then introduce an elegant understanding into statistics. In most books of statistics, Fisher's maximum likelihood method is not given a due treatment. From the quantum linguistic point of view, the most basic arguments are Fisher's maximum likelihood method and regression analysis. They are strongly linked to the measurement and causality axioms, respectively. As modern statistics continues to develop rapidly in the direction of application now, it is essential to take an overview of statistics as a whole under an umbrella of theoretical statistics. For (#2), refer to my previous book (i.e., History of Western Philosophy from a perspective of quantum theory- Introduction to theory of everyday science– Shiho-Shuppan Publisher, 425 p. (2023)). Throughout this book as wall as the one above, I assert that von Neumann's formulation of quantum mechanics should not be confined in physics, but should be regarded as a fundamental theory of science.
Author: Steven French
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199278245
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 439
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Book Description
Can quantum particles be regarded as individuals, just like books, tables and people? According to the 'received' view - articulated by several physicists in the immediate aftermath of the quantum revolution - quantum physics itself tells us they cannot: quantum particles, unlike their classical counterparts, must be regarded as 'non-individuals' in some sense. However, recent work has indicated that this is not the whole story and that the theory is also consistent with theposition that such particles can be taken to be individuals, albeit at a metaphysical price.Drawing on philosophical accounts of identity and individuality, as well as the histories of both classical and quantum physics, the authors explore these two alternative metaphysical packages. In particular, they argue that if quantum particles are regarded as individuals, then Leibniz's famous Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles is in fact violated. Recent discussions of this conclusion are analysed in detail and, again, the costs involved in saving the Principle are carefullyconsidered.Taking the alternative package, the authors deploy recent work in non-standard logic and set theory to indicate how we can make sense of the idea that objects can be non-individuals. The concluding chapter suggests how these results might then be extended to quantum field theory.Identity in Physics brings together a range of work in this area and further develops the authors' own contributions to the debate. Uniquely, as the title indicates, it situates this work in the appropriate formal, historical, and philosophical contexts.
Author: Arkady Plotnitsky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402052545
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
This book offers a new perspective on Niels Bohr's interpretation of quantum mechanics as complementarity, and on the relationships between physics and philosophy in Bohr's work. The importance of quantum field theory for Bohr's thinking has not been adequately addressed in the literature on Bohr. This book provides clarification of Bohr's writings (which usually pose problems of reading), and an analysis of the role of quantum field theory in Bohr's thinking.
Author: Werner Heisenberg
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486318419
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Nobel Laureate discusses quantum theory, uncertainty, wave mechanics, work of Dirac, Schroedinger, Compton, Einstein, others. "An authoritative statement of Heisenberg's views on this aspect of the quantum theory." — Nature.
Author: Mark Siderits
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 161429061X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
Winner of the 2014 Khyenste Foundation Translation Prize. Nagarjuna's renowned twenty-seven-chapter Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way (Mulamadhyamakakarika) is the foundational text of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy. It is the definitive, touchstone presentation of the doctrine of emptiness. Professors Siderits and Katsura prepared this translation using the four surviving Indian commentaries in an attempt to reconstruct an interpretation of its enigmatic verses that adheres as closely as possible to that of its earliest proponents. Each verse is accompanied by concise, lively exposition by the authors conveying the explanations of the Indian commentators. The result is a translation that balances the demands for fidelity and accessibility.
Author: Christopher Norris
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134595247
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
This book is a critical introduction to the long-standing debate concerning the conceptual foundations of quantum mechanics and the problems it has posed for physicists and philosophers from Einstein to the present. Quantum theory has been a major infulence on postmodernism, and presents significant problems for realists. Keeping his own realist position in check, Christopher Norris subjects a wide range of key opponents and supporters of realism to a high and equal level of scrutiny. With a characteristic combination of rigour and intellectual generosity, he draws out the merits and weaknesses from opposing arguments. In a sequence of closely argued chapters, Norris examines the premises of orthodox quantum theory, as developed most influentially by Bohr and Heisenberg, and its impact on varous philosophical developments. These include the ideas developed by W.V Quine, Thomas Kuhn, Michael Dummett, Bas van Fraassen, and Hilary Puttnam. In each case, Norris argues, these thinkers have been influenced by the orthodox construal of quantum mechanics as requiring drastic revision of principles which had hitherto defined the very nature of scientific method, causal explanati and rational enquiry. Putting the case for a realist approach which adheres to well-tried scientific principles of causal reasoning and inference to the best explanation, Christopher Norris clarifies these debates to a non-specialist readership and scholars of philosophy, science studies and the philosophy of science alike. Quantum Theory and the Flight From Realism suggests that philosophical reflection can contribute to a better understanding of these crucial, current issues.
Author: Elise Crull
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 940240970X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
Grete Hermann (1901-1984) was a pupil of mathematical physicist Emmy Noether, follower and co-worker of neo-Kantian philosopher Leonard Nelson, and an important intellectual figure in post-war German social democracy. She is best known for her work on the philosophy of modern physics in the 1930s, some of which emerged from intense discussions with Heisenberg and Weizsäcker in Leipzig. Hermann’s aim was to counter the threat to the Kantian notion of causality coming from quantum mechanics. She also discussed in depth the question of ‘hidden variables’ (including the first critique of von Neumann’s alleged impossibility proof) and provided an extensive analysis of Bohr’s notion of complementarity. This volume includes translations of Hermann’s two most important essays on this topic: one hitherto unpublished and one translated here into English for the first time. It also brings together recent scholarly contributions by historians and philosophers of science, physicists, and philosophers and educators following in Hermann’s steps. Hermann's work places her in the first rank among philosophers who wrote about modern physics in the first half of the last century. Those interested in the many fields to which she contributed will find here a comprehensive discussion of her philosophy of physics that places it in the context of her wider work.
Author:
Publisher: UM Libraries
ISBN:
Category : Education, Higher
Languages : en
Pages : 938
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Book Description
Author: David Deutsch
Publisher: Penguin UK
ISBN: 014196961X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
An extraordinary and challenging synthesis of ideas uniting Quantum Theory, and the theories of Computation, Knowledge and Evolution, Deutsch's extraordinary book explores the deep connections between these strands which reveal the fabric of realityin which human actions and ideas play essential roles.
