Author: Raphael Travis Jr.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1440831319
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Using the latest research, real-world examples, and a new theory of healthy development, this book explains Hip Hop culture's ongoing role in helping Black youths to live long, healthy, and productive lives. In The Healing Power of Hip Hop, Raphael Travis Jr. offers a passionate look into existing tensions aligned with Hip Hop and demonstrates the beneficial quality it can have empowering its audience. His unique perspective takes Hip Hop out of the negative light and shows readers how Hip Hop has benefited the Black community. Organized to first examine the social and historical framing of Hip Hop culture and Black experiences in the United States, the remainder of the book is dedicated to elaborating on consistent themes of excellence and well-being in Hip Hop, and examining evidence of new ambassadors of Hip Hop culture across professional disciplines. The author uses research-informed language and structures to help the reader fully understand how Hip Hop creates more pathways to health and learning for youth and communities.
Hip-Hop and Spoken Word Therapy in School Counseling
Author: Ian Levy
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000388204
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Book Description
This volume recognizes the need for culturally responsive forms of school counseling and draws on the author’s first-hand experiences of working with students in urban schools in the United States to illustrate how hip-hop culture can be effectively integrated into school counseling to benefit and support students. Detailing the theoretical development, practical implementation and empirical evaluation of a holistic approach to school counseling dubbed "Hip-Hop and Spoken Word Therapy" (HHSWT), this volume documents the experiences of the school counsellor and students throughout a HHSWT pilot program in an urban high school. Chapters detail the socio-cultural roots of hip-hop and explain how hip-hop inspired practices such as writing lyrics, producing mix tapes and using traditional hip-hop cyphers can offer an effective means of transcending White, western approaches to counseling. The volume foregrounds the needs of racially diverse, marginalized youth, whilst also addressing the role and positioning of the school counselor in using HHSWT. Offering deep insights into the practical and conceptual challenges and benefits of this inspiring approach, this book will be a useful resource for practitioners and scholars working at the intersections of culturally responsive and relevant forms of school counseling, spoken word therapy and hip-hop studies.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000388204
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Book Description
This volume recognizes the need for culturally responsive forms of school counseling and draws on the author’s first-hand experiences of working with students in urban schools in the United States to illustrate how hip-hop culture can be effectively integrated into school counseling to benefit and support students. Detailing the theoretical development, practical implementation and empirical evaluation of a holistic approach to school counseling dubbed "Hip-Hop and Spoken Word Therapy" (HHSWT), this volume documents the experiences of the school counsellor and students throughout a HHSWT pilot program in an urban high school. Chapters detail the socio-cultural roots of hip-hop and explain how hip-hop inspired practices such as writing lyrics, producing mix tapes and using traditional hip-hop cyphers can offer an effective means of transcending White, western approaches to counseling. The volume foregrounds the needs of racially diverse, marginalized youth, whilst also addressing the role and positioning of the school counselor in using HHSWT. Offering deep insights into the practical and conceptual challenges and benefits of this inspiring approach, this book will be a useful resource for practitioners and scholars working at the intersections of culturally responsive and relevant forms of school counseling, spoken word therapy and hip-hop studies.
The Healing Power of Hip Hop
Author: Raphael Travis Jr.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1440831319
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Using the latest research, real-world examples, and a new theory of healthy development, this book explains Hip Hop culture's ongoing role in helping Black youths to live long, healthy, and productive lives. In The Healing Power of Hip Hop, Raphael Travis Jr. offers a passionate look into existing tensions aligned with Hip Hop and demonstrates the beneficial quality it can have empowering its audience. His unique perspective takes Hip Hop out of the negative light and shows readers how Hip Hop has benefited the Black community. Organized to first examine the social and historical framing of Hip Hop culture and Black experiences in the United States, the remainder of the book is dedicated to elaborating on consistent themes of excellence and well-being in Hip Hop, and examining evidence of new ambassadors of Hip Hop culture across professional disciplines. The author uses research-informed language and structures to help the reader fully understand how Hip Hop creates more pathways to health and learning for youth and communities.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1440831319
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description
Using the latest research, real-world examples, and a new theory of healthy development, this book explains Hip Hop culture's ongoing role in helping Black youths to live long, healthy, and productive lives. In The Healing Power of Hip Hop, Raphael Travis Jr. offers a passionate look into existing tensions aligned with Hip Hop and demonstrates the beneficial quality it can have empowering its audience. His unique perspective takes Hip Hop out of the negative light and shows readers how Hip Hop has benefited the Black community. Organized to first examine the social and historical framing of Hip Hop culture and Black experiences in the United States, the remainder of the book is dedicated to elaborating on consistent themes of excellence and well-being in Hip Hop, and examining evidence of new ambassadors of Hip Hop culture across professional disciplines. The author uses research-informed language and structures to help the reader fully understand how Hip Hop creates more pathways to health and learning for youth and communities.
Evidence-Based School Counseling
Author: Carey Dimmitt
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1412948894
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Book Description
This authoritative guidebook gives school counselors the tools to identify evidence-based practices and to use data in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs and interventions.
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1412948894
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Book Description
This authoritative guidebook gives school counselors the tools to identify evidence-based practices and to use data in designing, implementing, and evaluating programs and interventions.
Leading Equity
Author: Sheldon L. Eakins
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119840988
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 259
Book Description
Transform your school and your classroom with these best practices in equity That the typical modern classroom lacks equity will come as no surprise to many educators. But few resources explain how to remedy that situation in the here and now. Leading Equity delivers an eye-opening and actionable discussion of how to transform a classroom or school into a more equitable place. Through explorations of ten concrete steps that you can take right now, Dr. Sheldon L. Eakins offers you the skills, resources, and concepts you'll need to address common equity deficiencies in education. You'll learn about: Things you can do today to advance the cause of equity in your classroom, from reconsidering your language choices to getting to know yourself and your students Using social justice as the basis for your advocacy for equity How to promote a decolonial atmosphere and model vulnerability and humility for your students and colleagues Ideal for educators and educational leaders at all stages of their careers, Leading Equity will help you improve your ability to offer an equitable environment to all of your students.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119840988
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 259
Book Description
Transform your school and your classroom with these best practices in equity That the typical modern classroom lacks equity will come as no surprise to many educators. But few resources explain how to remedy that situation in the here and now. Leading Equity delivers an eye-opening and actionable discussion of how to transform a classroom or school into a more equitable place. Through explorations of ten concrete steps that you can take right now, Dr. Sheldon L. Eakins offers you the skills, resources, and concepts you'll need to address common equity deficiencies in education. You'll learn about: Things you can do today to advance the cause of equity in your classroom, from reconsidering your language choices to getting to know yourself and your students Using social justice as the basis for your advocacy for equity How to promote a decolonial atmosphere and model vulnerability and humility for your students and colleagues Ideal for educators and educational leaders at all stages of their careers, Leading Equity will help you improve your ability to offer an equitable environment to all of your students.
Interrupting Racism
Author: Rebecca Atkins
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351258907
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 205
Book Description
Interrupting Racism provides school counselors with a brief overview of racial equity in schools and practical ideas that a school-level practitioner can put into action. The book walks readers through the current state of achievement gap and racial equity in schools and looks at issues around intention, action, white privilege, and implicit bias. Later chapters include interrupting racism case studies and stories from school counselors about incorporating stakeholders into the work of racial equity. Activities, lessons, and action plans promote self-reflection, staff-reflection, and student-reflection and encourage school counselors to drive systemic change for students through advocacy, collaboration, and leadership.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351258907
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 205
Book Description
Interrupting Racism provides school counselors with a brief overview of racial equity in schools and practical ideas that a school-level practitioner can put into action. The book walks readers through the current state of achievement gap and racial equity in schools and looks at issues around intention, action, white privilege, and implicit bias. Later chapters include interrupting racism case studies and stories from school counselors about incorporating stakeholders into the work of racial equity. Activities, lessons, and action plans promote self-reflection, staff-reflection, and student-reflection and encourage school counselors to drive systemic change for students through advocacy, collaboration, and leadership.
Schooling Hip-Hop
Author: Marc Lamont Hill
Publisher: Teachers College Press
ISBN: 0807773565
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 193
Book Description
This book brings together veteran and emerging scholars from a variety of fields to chart new territory for hip-hop based education. Looking beyond rap music and the English language arts classroom, innovative chapters unpack the theory and practice of hip-hop based education in science, social studies, college composition, teacher education, and other fields. Authors consider not only the curricular aspects of hip-hop but also how its deeper aesthetics such as improvisational freestyling and competitive battling can shape teaching and learning in both secondary and higher education classrooms. Schooling Hip-Hop will spark new and creative uses of hip-hop culture in a variety of educational settings. Contributors: Jacqueline Celemencki, Christopher Emdin, H. Bernard Hall, Decoteau J. Irby, Bronwen Low, Derek Pardue, James Braxton Peterson, David Stovall, Eloise Tan, and Joycelyn A. Wilson “Hip hop has come of age on the broader social and cultural scene. However, it is still in its infancy in the academy and school classrooms. Hill and Petchauer have assembled a powerful group of scholars who provide elegantly theoretical and practically significant ways to consider hip hop as an important pedagogical strategy. This volume is a wonderful reminder that ‘Stakes is high!’” —Gloria Ladson-Billings, Kellner Family Chair in Urban Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison “This book is a bold, ambitious attempt to chart new intellectual, theoretical, and pedagogical directions for Hip-Hop Based Education. Hill and Petchauer are to be commended for pushing the envelope and stepping up to the challenge of taking HHBE to the next level.” —Geneva Smitherman, University Distinguished Professor Emerita, English and African American and African Studies, Michigan State University
Publisher: Teachers College Press
ISBN: 0807773565
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 193
Book Description
This book brings together veteran and emerging scholars from a variety of fields to chart new territory for hip-hop based education. Looking beyond rap music and the English language arts classroom, innovative chapters unpack the theory and practice of hip-hop based education in science, social studies, college composition, teacher education, and other fields. Authors consider not only the curricular aspects of hip-hop but also how its deeper aesthetics such as improvisational freestyling and competitive battling can shape teaching and learning in both secondary and higher education classrooms. Schooling Hip-Hop will spark new and creative uses of hip-hop culture in a variety of educational settings. Contributors: Jacqueline Celemencki, Christopher Emdin, H. Bernard Hall, Decoteau J. Irby, Bronwen Low, Derek Pardue, James Braxton Peterson, David Stovall, Eloise Tan, and Joycelyn A. Wilson “Hip hop has come of age on the broader social and cultural scene. However, it is still in its infancy in the academy and school classrooms. Hill and Petchauer have assembled a powerful group of scholars who provide elegantly theoretical and practically significant ways to consider hip hop as an important pedagogical strategy. This volume is a wonderful reminder that ‘Stakes is high!’” —Gloria Ladson-Billings, Kellner Family Chair in Urban Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison “This book is a bold, ambitious attempt to chart new intellectual, theoretical, and pedagogical directions for Hip-Hop Based Education. Hill and Petchauer are to be commended for pushing the envelope and stepping up to the challenge of taking HHBE to the next level.” —Geneva Smitherman, University Distinguished Professor Emerita, English and African American and African Studies, Michigan State University
Supporting Bereaved Students at School
Author: Jacqueline A. Brown
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190606894
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 273
Book Description
Machine generated contents note: -- FOREWORD by Kenneth J. Doka -- SECTION 1: Foundational Knowledge to Support Bereaved Students at School -- 1. The Importance of Supporting Bereaved Students at School -- Jacqueline A. Brown and Shane R. Jimerson -- 2. Defining Loss: Preparing to Support Bereaved Students -- Tina Barrett and Lindsey M. Nichols -- 3. Cognitive Developmental Considerations in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Victoria A. Comerchero -- 4. The Importance of Assessment in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Catherine B. Woahn and Benjamin S. Fernandez -- 5. The Importance of Consultation in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Jeffrey C. Roth -- 6. Cross-Cultural Considerations in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Sandra A. López -- 7. Family Considerations in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Melissa J. Hagan and Allie Morford -- 8. The Role of Digital and Social Media in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Carla J. Sofka -- SECTION 2: Interventions to Support Bereaved Students at Schoo -- 9. Using Grief Support Groups to Support Bereaved Students -- Renée Bradford Garcia -- 10. Using Cognitive and Behavioral Methods to Support Bereaved Students -- Rosemary Flanagan -- 11. Using Bibliotherapy to Support Bereaved Students -- Ellie L. Young, Melissa A. Heath, Kathryn Smith, Afton Phillbrick, Karli Miller, Camden Stein, and Haliaka Kama -- 12. Using Music Therapy-Based Songwriting to Support Bereaved Students -- Thomas A. Dalton and Robert E. Krout -- 13. Using Play Therapy to Support Bereaved Students -- Karrie L. Swan and Rebecca Rudd -- 14. Using Creative Art Interventions to Support Bereaved Students -- Grace Zambelli -- 15. Using Writing Interventions to Support Bereaved Students -- Lysa Toye and Andrea Warnick -- 16. Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Support Bereaved Students -- Tyler L. Renshaw, Sarah J. Bolognino, Anthony J. Roberson, Shelley R. Upton and Kelsie N. Hammons
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190606894
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 273
Book Description
Machine generated contents note: -- FOREWORD by Kenneth J. Doka -- SECTION 1: Foundational Knowledge to Support Bereaved Students at School -- 1. The Importance of Supporting Bereaved Students at School -- Jacqueline A. Brown and Shane R. Jimerson -- 2. Defining Loss: Preparing to Support Bereaved Students -- Tina Barrett and Lindsey M. Nichols -- 3. Cognitive Developmental Considerations in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Victoria A. Comerchero -- 4. The Importance of Assessment in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Catherine B. Woahn and Benjamin S. Fernandez -- 5. The Importance of Consultation in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Jeffrey C. Roth -- 6. Cross-Cultural Considerations in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Sandra A. López -- 7. Family Considerations in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Melissa J. Hagan and Allie Morford -- 8. The Role of Digital and Social Media in Supporting Bereaved Students -- Carla J. Sofka -- SECTION 2: Interventions to Support Bereaved Students at Schoo -- 9. Using Grief Support Groups to Support Bereaved Students -- Renée Bradford Garcia -- 10. Using Cognitive and Behavioral Methods to Support Bereaved Students -- Rosemary Flanagan -- 11. Using Bibliotherapy to Support Bereaved Students -- Ellie L. Young, Melissa A. Heath, Kathryn Smith, Afton Phillbrick, Karli Miller, Camden Stein, and Haliaka Kama -- 12. Using Music Therapy-Based Songwriting to Support Bereaved Students -- Thomas A. Dalton and Robert E. Krout -- 13. Using Play Therapy to Support Bereaved Students -- Karrie L. Swan and Rebecca Rudd -- 14. Using Creative Art Interventions to Support Bereaved Students -- Grace Zambelli -- 15. Using Writing Interventions to Support Bereaved Students -- Lysa Toye and Andrea Warnick -- 16. Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Support Bereaved Students -- Tyler L. Renshaw, Sarah J. Bolognino, Anthony J. Roberson, Shelley R. Upton and Kelsie N. Hammons
Ratchetdemic
Author: Christopher Emdin
Publisher: Beacon Press
ISBN: 0807089516
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
A revolutionary new educational model that encourages educators to provide spaces for students to display their academic brilliance without sacrificing their identities Building on the ideas introduced in his New York Times best-selling book, For White Folks Who Teach in the Hood, Christopher Emdin introduces an alternative educational model that will help students (and teachers) celebrate ratchet identity in the classroom. Ratchetdemic advocates for a new kind of student identity—one that bridges the seemingly disparate worlds of the ivory tower and the urban classroom. Because modern schooling often centers whiteness, Emdin argues, it dismisses ratchet identity (the embodying of “negative” characteristics associated with lowbrow culture, often thought to be possessed by people of a particular ethnic, racial, or socioeconomic status) as anti-intellectual and punishes young people for straying from these alleged “academic norms,” leaving young people in classrooms frustrated and uninspired. These deviations, Emdin explains, include so-called “disruptive behavior” and a celebration of hip-hop music and culture. Emdin argues that being “ratchetdemic,” or both ratchet and academic (like having rap battles about science, for example), can empower students to embrace themselves, their backgrounds, and their education as parts of a whole, not disparate identities. This means celebrating protest, disrupting the status quo, and reclaiming the genius of youth in the classroom.
Publisher: Beacon Press
ISBN: 0807089516
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
A revolutionary new educational model that encourages educators to provide spaces for students to display their academic brilliance without sacrificing their identities Building on the ideas introduced in his New York Times best-selling book, For White Folks Who Teach in the Hood, Christopher Emdin introduces an alternative educational model that will help students (and teachers) celebrate ratchet identity in the classroom. Ratchetdemic advocates for a new kind of student identity—one that bridges the seemingly disparate worlds of the ivory tower and the urban classroom. Because modern schooling often centers whiteness, Emdin argues, it dismisses ratchet identity (the embodying of “negative” characteristics associated with lowbrow culture, often thought to be possessed by people of a particular ethnic, racial, or socioeconomic status) as anti-intellectual and punishes young people for straying from these alleged “academic norms,” leaving young people in classrooms frustrated and uninspired. These deviations, Emdin explains, include so-called “disruptive behavior” and a celebration of hip-hop music and culture. Emdin argues that being “ratchetdemic,” or both ratchet and academic (like having rap battles about science, for example), can empower students to embrace themselves, their backgrounds, and their education as parts of a whole, not disparate identities. This means celebrating protest, disrupting the status quo, and reclaiming the genius of youth in the classroom.
Decolonizing “Multicultural” Counseling through Social Justice
Author: Rachael D. Goodman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493912836
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 185
Book Description
Multicultural counseling and psychology evolved as a response to the Eurocentrism prevalent in the Western healing professions and has been used to challenge the Eurocentric, patriarchal, and heteronormative constructs commonly embedded in counseling and psychology. Ironically, some of the practices and paradigms commonly associated with “multiculturalism” reinforce the very hegemonic practices and paradigms that multicultural counseling and psychology approaches were created to correct. In Decolonizing "Multicultural" Counseling through Social Justice, counseling and psychology scholars and practitioners examine this paradox through a social justice lens by questioning and challenging the infrastructure of dominance in society, as well as by challenging ourselves as practitioners, scholars, and activists to rethink our commitments. The authors analyze the ways well-meaning clinicians might marginalize clients and contribute to structural inequities despite multicultural or cross-cultural training, and offer new frameworks and skills to replace the essentializing and stereotyping practices that are widespread in the field. By addressing the power imbalances embedded in key areas of multicultural theory and practice, contributors present innovative methods for revising research paradigms, professional education, and hands-on practice to reflect a commitment to equity and social justice. Together, the chapters in this book model transformative practice in the clinic, the schools, the community, and the discipline. Among the topics covered: Rethinking racial identity development models. Queering multicultural competence in counseling. Developing a liberatory approach to trauma counseling. Decolonizing psychological practice in the context of poverty. Utilizing indigenous paradigms in counseling research. Addressing racism through intersectionality. A mind-opening text for multicultural counseling and psychology courses as well as other foundational courses in counseling and psychology education, Decolonizing "Multicultural" Counseling through Social Justice challenges us to let go of simplistic approaches, however well-intended, and to embrace a more transformative approach to counseling and psychology practice and scholarship.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493912836
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 185
Book Description
Multicultural counseling and psychology evolved as a response to the Eurocentrism prevalent in the Western healing professions and has been used to challenge the Eurocentric, patriarchal, and heteronormative constructs commonly embedded in counseling and psychology. Ironically, some of the practices and paradigms commonly associated with “multiculturalism” reinforce the very hegemonic practices and paradigms that multicultural counseling and psychology approaches were created to correct. In Decolonizing "Multicultural" Counseling through Social Justice, counseling and psychology scholars and practitioners examine this paradox through a social justice lens by questioning and challenging the infrastructure of dominance in society, as well as by challenging ourselves as practitioners, scholars, and activists to rethink our commitments. The authors analyze the ways well-meaning clinicians might marginalize clients and contribute to structural inequities despite multicultural or cross-cultural training, and offer new frameworks and skills to replace the essentializing and stereotyping practices that are widespread in the field. By addressing the power imbalances embedded in key areas of multicultural theory and practice, contributors present innovative methods for revising research paradigms, professional education, and hands-on practice to reflect a commitment to equity and social justice. Together, the chapters in this book model transformative practice in the clinic, the schools, the community, and the discipline. Among the topics covered: Rethinking racial identity development models. Queering multicultural competence in counseling. Developing a liberatory approach to trauma counseling. Decolonizing psychological practice in the context of poverty. Utilizing indigenous paradigms in counseling research. Addressing racism through intersectionality. A mind-opening text for multicultural counseling and psychology courses as well as other foundational courses in counseling and psychology education, Decolonizing "Multicultural" Counseling through Social Justice challenges us to let go of simplistic approaches, however well-intended, and to embrace a more transformative approach to counseling and psychology practice and scholarship.
Transformative Language Arts in Action
Author: Ruth Farmer
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 147581061X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 231
Book Description
Transformative Language Arts, an emerging field and profession, calls on us to use writing, storytelling, theater, music, expressive and other arts for social change, personal growth, and culture shift. In this landmark anthology, Transformative Language Artists share their stories, scholarship and practices for a more just and peaceful world, from a Hmong storyteller and spoken word artist weaving traditions with contemporary immigrant challenges in Philadelphia, to a playwright raising awareness of AIDS/HIV prevention. Read the stories, consider the questions raised, and find inspiration and tools in using words as a vehicle for transformation through essays on the challenge of dominant stories, public housing women writing for their lives, histories and communities at the margins, singing as political action, the convergence of theology and poetics, women's self-leadership, embodied writing, and healing the self, others, and nature through TLA. The anthology also includes “snapshots,” short features on transformative language artists who make their livings and lives working with people of all ages and backgrounds to speak their truths, and change their communities.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 147581061X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 231
Book Description
Transformative Language Arts, an emerging field and profession, calls on us to use writing, storytelling, theater, music, expressive and other arts for social change, personal growth, and culture shift. In this landmark anthology, Transformative Language Artists share their stories, scholarship and practices for a more just and peaceful world, from a Hmong storyteller and spoken word artist weaving traditions with contemporary immigrant challenges in Philadelphia, to a playwright raising awareness of AIDS/HIV prevention. Read the stories, consider the questions raised, and find inspiration and tools in using words as a vehicle for transformation through essays on the challenge of dominant stories, public housing women writing for their lives, histories and communities at the margins, singing as political action, the convergence of theology and poetics, women's self-leadership, embodied writing, and healing the self, others, and nature through TLA. The anthology also includes “snapshots,” short features on transformative language artists who make their livings and lives working with people of all ages and backgrounds to speak their truths, and change their communities.