Heterogeneous Nucleation of Water and Ice in the Transient Supersaturation Field Sursounding a Freezing Drop PDF Download
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Author: Jan Rosiński
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Author: Jan Rosiński
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hail
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Author: United States. Environmental Data Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Weather control
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cosmic physics
Languages : en
Pages : 904
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Author: Macdonald Physics Laboratory. Stormy Weather Group
Publisher: Macdonald Physics Laboratory ; Stormy Weather Group
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric nucleation
Languages : en
Pages : 31
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Book Description
The dependence of heterogeneous nucleation of supercooled water drops on temperature and the duration of supercooling has been studied. The rain-sized drops were placed on an oiled aluminium surface and thermoelectric refrigeration was used to provide constant cooling-rates and to maintain constant temperatures. Once-distilled tap-water and melted snow and hail were investigated. Only the first two of these showed definite time-dependent properties. The experimental results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that all drops have equal probability of nucleation (stochastic hypothesis), and also with the hypothesis that the freezing temperature of a drop is the characteristic temperature of one of the impurities contained in the drop (''singular'' hypothesis). The results can be explained if the existence of a variety of nuclei is recognized, each of which is most likely to cause nucleation in a different range of temperatures, and if the nucleation probability associated with each impurity is a function of the temperature of the sample. (Author).
Author:
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Category : Frozen ground
Languages : en
Pages : 596
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Author: Alessia Nicosia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Heterogeneous ice nucleation is one element inside the overall complexity of the Earth's atmosphere, however, it has a profound impact on our representation of cloud properties: this process affects the optical thickness and lifetime of mixed-phase clouds and cirrus clouds, and it is responsible for a significant proportion of precipitations formed globally. Heterogeneous ice nucleation is related to the presence of specific aerosol particles, named ice nuclei particles (INP), with the unique ability of lowering the energy barrier required for the formation of ice crystals, especially where cloud's temperatures are >-38 °C. In the last decades, significant advancements have been made to the fundamental understanding of ice nucleation, however the lack of knowledge on the cloud ice phase still contributes to major uncertainties in climate model prediction of radiative forcing. This is partly due to limited observational data quantifying INP distributions and properties all over the world, especially in remote locations. In the first part of this thesis, field observations of ice nucleating particles have been performed at the Italian Climate Observatory “O. Vittori” on Mountain Cimone (2165 m above sea level), in the spring 2014 and autumn 2015, within the Bacchus and Air Sea Lab projects. For the first time we report the results of offline INP measurements, performed at a high altitude site within the Mediterranean basin. In the period 19-29 May 2014, a parallel campaign took place at the low-altitude station San Pietro Capofiume, a rural site in the Po Valley. The two campaigns were concerned, for a few days, by a Saharan Dust transport Event, which was recorded simultaneously at the high and the low-level station. We investigated the ambient number concentration of INP under condensation freezing activation mechanism (at -18 °C and above water saturation). In the second part of this thesis, we present the observations that were performed during the Arctic campaign Parcs-Maca, in the period of transition among the polar night and the polar day. We could characterise for the first time the ice nucleating and physical/chemical properties of the Arctic Primary Marine Aerosol, in a laboratory-controlled generation approach, that was combined to a mesocosm experiment. The aim of the mesocosm experiment was to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to study the effect of marine pollution on marine emissions. We found a moderate but significant decrease of the ice nuclei concentration in the polluted seawater (with respect to the control seawater) recorded in the freezing range between -8.5 and -19 °C and activated through immersion-freezing. Within the seaspray our measurements have indicated a relation among INP active at warm temperature (above -15 °C through immersion-freezing) and a calcium enrichment detected in PM1 filters (and followed by an apparent Chloride depletion). On the basis of our observations, and the results reported from other studies, a few suggestions on the nature of these marine ice nuclei have been suggested. In summary, the measurements made for this thesis provide new information on the concentrations of ice nuclei in ambient aerosol particles in remote regions (a high-altitude observatory in the central Mediterranean region) and in relation to a specific source (the Arctic sea spray).
Author: Allan Myerson
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0080533515
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Crystallization is an important separation and purification process used in industries ranging from bulk commodity chemicals to specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, a number of environmental applications have also come to rely on crystallization in waste treatment and recycling processes.The authors provide an introduction to the field of newcomers and a reference to those involved in the various aspects of industrial crystallization. It is a complete volume covering all aspects of industrial crystallization, including material related to both fundamentals and applications. This new edition presents detailed material on crystallization of biomolecules, precipitation, impurity-crystal interactions, solubility, and design. Provides an ideal introduction for industrial crystallization newcomers Serves as a worthwhile reference to anyone involved in the fieldCovers all aspects of industrial crystallization in a single, complete volume
Author: Nobuo Maeda
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030518744
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
This book introduces readers to experimental techniques of general utility that can be used to practically and reliably determine nucleation rates. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation. The formation of gas hydrates is a first-order phase transition that begins with nucleation. Understanding nucleation is of interest to many working in the chemical and petroleum industry, since nucleation, while beneficial in many chemical processes, is also a concern in terms of flow assurance for oil and natural gas pipelines. A primary difficulty in the investigation of gas hydrate nucleation has been researchers’ inability to determine and compare the nucleation rates of gas hydrates across systems with different scales and levels of complexity, which in turn has limited their ability to study the nucleation process itself. This book introduces readers to experimental techniques that can be used to practically and reliably determine the nucleation rates of gas hydrate systems. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation.
Author: Constantin Andronache
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012810550X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
