Author: Karen R. Burris
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 93
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Book Description
Urban environments have a history of anthropogenic input of heavy metals to soils. Toledo, Ohio is an urban setting that has been altered through heavy industry and transportation dating back to the 1800s. Heavy metal contamination in soil has been shown to cause serious health effects in humans, such as brain damage, birth defects, cancer, and even death.A total of 137 Toledo soil samples were collected in collaboration with local Toledo schools, the Manos Community Garden, and a previous study completed by Stewart et al (2014). Stewart's study samples and the local Toledo schools' soil samples were collected by K-12 students through a hands-on citizen science project. The samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of a series of heavy metals, including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, and zinc. The results revealed multiple samples with elevated levels of all six focus metals greater than the Ohio EPA's soil background levels of the region. Two of these elements, arsenic and lead, had concentrations higher than the USEPA screening level for soils of this region in 73% and 7% of samples, respectively. Locations with elevated heavy metals concentrations in soils were mostly residential yards with older houses and within areas of high transportation. Therefore, the elevated levels of heavy metals were likely deposited from a legacy of human activities. Heavy metal predictive concentration maps of the Toledo, Ohio area were created to show possible areas of concern. The predictive maps showed a higher concentration of most elements in the Old West End area of Toledo. The findings were presented to the collaborating schools and in public forums to educate citizens about elevated heavy metal soil contamination in their area. They were given possible reasons for the contamination, explaining the harmful side effects of human activities on the soils. The health risks associated with the contamination were presented along with how to prevent health issues and how to take precautions around heavy metals.
Author: Dilek Turer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heavy metals
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
Measured metals concentrations in roadside soil samples. Most vehicle-associated metals (including copper) were found in the top 15 centimeters of soil. Lead, zinc, and copper concentrations were closely correlated - in contrast to concentrations of nickel and chromium, which were not associated with each other nor with the first three metals. Sequential extraction of the samples by a method similar to that of Tessier (to identify the potential environmental availability of the metals) found that somewhat less than half of the copper was extracted before the "residual" extraction. Most of the extracted copper was in the "organically bound" and "carbonate bound" fractions. Separately, an "exchangeable" fraction was measured by suspending roadway soil samples overnight in an ammonium acetate solution; this extracted about 7% of the copper.
Author: Irena Sherameti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364202436X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Human activities have dramatically changed the composition and organisation of soils. Industrial and urban wastes, agricultural application and also mining activities resulted in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soils. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation and the sophisticated techniques developed for survival in contaminated soils is discussed in this volume. The topics presented include: the general role of heavy metals in biological soil systems; the relation of inorganic and organic pollutions; heavy metal, salt tolerance and combined effects with salinity; effects on abuscular mycorrhizal and on saprophytic soil fungi; heavy metal resistance by streptomycetes; trace element determination of environmental samples; the use of microbiological communities as indicators; phytostabilization of lead polluted sites by native plants; effects of soil earthworms on removal of heavy metals and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated tropical land.
Author: Elham Asrari
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482239655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.Although adverse health effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues and is even increasing in some areas. Remediating heavy metal contaminated soils and water is necessary to reduce the associated health and ecological risks, make the land resource
Author: Kenneth U. Erondu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Author: B. J. Alloway
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780751401981
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Heavy metals in soils continue to receive increasing attention due to the growing scientific and public awareness of environmental issues and the development of analytical techniques to measure their concentrations accurately. Building on the success and acclaim of the first edition, this book continues to provide an up-to-date, balanced and comprehensive review of the subject in two sections: the first providing an introduction to the metals chemistry, sources and methods used for their analysis; and the second containing chapters dealing with individual elements in detail.
Author: Yi-ting Huang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heavy metals
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This thesis is focused on the investigation of heavy metal contaminated urban soils (especially lead and zinc). Soil samples from greater Montreal area were collected. The concentrations of lead and zinc of some soil samples were at elevated levels, with the highest concentration being 2000 mg/kg (the EPA standard limits for both metals is 300 mg/kg at residential soils). The physical and chemical properties of soils, including soil particle size distribution, soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil specific surface area (SSA), soil permeability coefficients, were determined. The majority of soil particles in the samples were found to have the texture of fine sand (loamy and silty sands). Selective sequential extraction (SSE) was performed to understand the affinities of heavy metals toward various fractions of soil. The results indicate that lead has the highest affinity toward soil fraction of organic matter, while zinc has the highest affinity toward soil oxides. Soil column leaching tests were carried out. SSE, together with soil leaching tests, explains the mobility of heavy metals. It shows that zinc has a higher mobility in soils than lead. With the knowledge of heavy metal mobility in soils, the soil decontamination scheme can be planned.
Author: Timothy D. Scheibe
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038974293
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Groundwater Contamination and Remediation" that was published in Water
Author: Lindy M. Hartley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heavy metals
Languages : en
Pages : 137
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Book Description
Soil and plant samples were collected from a heavy metal contaminated site in Fostoria, located in northwest Ohio. Copper and lead are the primary metals found at high concentrations on site. The soil at the study site has minimal adsorption capacity and without plant accumulation, the metals would likely be leached offsite. Soil and plant samples were collected from mine sites in Houghton Co. Michigan for comparison with the Ohio site. The objectives of this study are 1) to determine the adsorption behavior of copper and lead in Fostoria; 2) evaluate the effects of pH and ionic strength on the adsorption of copper and lead; 3) determine the applicability of plants from Michigan mine sites to the Fostoria soil. Results indicate that adsorption capabilities in the Fostoria soil are low. Metals exist in the living and decaying tissue of plants on site and are adsorbed to the mineral and organic fractions of the soil. As ionic strength increased, adsorption decreased. pH variation in the soil had little effect in sorption of metal ions. It is important to maintain a plant cover that will sustain a constant level of metals in the A-Horizon due to leaching concerns. Stinging nettles, growing on the lagoon, are very effective at removing not only copper, but a suite of metals, from the soil and therefore are important in preventing leaching of heavy metals. Stinging nettles were found to be a potential hyperaccumulator of metals and since mine plants that were investigated did not sequester significant concentrations of metals and no hyperaccumulators were located at those sites, application of non-indigenous plants is not recommended at this time. Natural attenuation is the preferred method of remediation at the Fostoria site.
Author: Pushpika Freitas
Publisher: Scitus Academics LLC
ISBN: 9781681170695
Category : Heavy metals
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Soil, one of the most important natural resources, is becoming degraded due to anthropogenic activities such as mining, agricultural activities, sewage sludge, fossil fuel combustion, metallurgical and chemical industries and electronics. Soil is a crucial component of rural and urban environments, and in both places land management is the key to soil quality. This series of technical notes examines the urban activities that cause soil degradation, and the management practices that protect the functions urban societies demand from soil. This technical note focuses on heavy metal soil contamination. Mining, manufacturing, and the use of synthetic products e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge can result in heavy metal contamination of urban and agricultural soils. Heavy metals also occur naturally, but rarely at toxic levels.
